Xingzong (興宗) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Xingzong as a royal family member and ruler. This record brings together 151 passages from 38 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Xingzong	興宗	Xingzong
Title	emperor	帝
Title	emperor	上
Title	Emperor	皇帝
Posthumous name	Emperor the Divine Sage, Filial and Patterned	神聖孝章皇帝
Temple name	Emperor Xingzong	興宗	Xīngzōng
Title	Emperor Xingzong	興宗
Temple	Emperor Xingzong	興宗	Xingzong
Title	Emperor Xingzong	興宗	Xingzong
Title	Emperor Xingzong
Title	Emperor Xingzong	興宗	Xīngzōng
Temple	Emperor Xingzong	興宗	Xīngzōng
Temple name	Emperor Xingzong	興宗
Temple	Emperor Xingzong	興宗
Temple name	Emperor Xingzong	興宗	Xingzong
Title	Emperor Xingzong	興宗皇帝	Xīngzōng Huángdì
Title	Emperor Xingzong of Liao	遼興宗
Temple	Emperor Xingzong of Liao	興宗
Temple	Emperor Xingzong of Liao	遼興宗
Title	Emperor Xingzong the Divine Sage, Filial and Patterned	興宗神聖孝章皇帝
Title	Heir Apparent	太子
Title	late emperor	大行皇帝
Title	late emperor	先帝
Title	sovereign	上
Title	the emperor	上
Title	the emperor	帝
Title	The emperor	帝
Temple	Xingzong	興宗	Xingzong
Temple name	Xingzong	興宗	Xīngzōng
Temple	Xingzong	興宗	Xīngzōng
Temple name	Xingzong	興宗	Xingzong
Regnal	Xingzong	興宗
Personal	Yelu Zongzhen	耶律宗真

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Roles

Royal Family Member
Ruler

Life and dates

Death

Action: died · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙二十四年秋八月己 · Western Year: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:021:s0009
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 興宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0015
Explicit · liaoshi:097:s0070

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 十五年春正月乙酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 1 · Sexagenary Day: 乙酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0174
Source Date: Text: 十五年冬十月己酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 10 · Sexagenary Day: 己酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0200
Source Date: Text: 十五年十一月乙巳 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 11 · Sexagenary Day: 乙巳 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0203
Source Date: Text: 十五年十一月己亥 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 11 · Sexagenary Day: 己亥 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0202
Source Date: Text: 十五年十二月壬申 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 12 · Sexagenary Day: 壬申 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0204
Source Date: Text: 十五年二月丙寅 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 2 · Sexagenary Day: 丙寅 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0177
Source Date: Text: 十五年二月乙卯 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 2 · Sexagenary Day: 乙卯 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0176
Source Date: Text: 十五年三月丁酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Sexagenary Day: 丁酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0181
Source Date: Text: 十五年三月乙酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Sexagenary Day: 乙酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0179
Source Date: Text: 十五年三月 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0182
Source Date: Text: 十五年四月戊午 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 戊午 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0184
Source Date: Text: 十五年四月甲子 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 甲子 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0186
Source Date: Text: 十五年四月甲戌 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 甲戌 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0187
Source Date: Text: 十五年夏四月辛亥朔 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 辛亥 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0183
Source Date: Text: 十五年六月戊辰 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 6 · Sexagenary Day: 戊辰 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0189
Source Date: Text: 十五年七月丁酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 丁酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0195
Source Date: Text: 十五年七月丙申 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 丙申 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0194
Source Date: Text: 十五年七月戊子 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 戊子 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0192
Source Date: Text: 十五年七月辛丑 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 辛丑 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0196
Source Date: Text: 十五年九月甲辰 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 9 · Sexagenary Day: 甲辰 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0199
Source Date: Text: 重熙十七年 · Regnal Year: 17 · Western Year: AD 1048
Explicit · liaoshi:036:s0158
Source Date: Text: AD 1031-1055 · Western Year: AD 1031
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:030:s0022
Source Date: Text: 十一年 · Western Year: AD 1042
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0038, liaoshi:019:s0051, liaoshi:019:s0053, liaoshi:019:s0055, liaoshi:019:s0058, liaoshi:019:s0061, liaoshi:019:s0063, liaoshi:019:s0066
Source Date: Text: 十三年 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0107
Source Date: Text: 十九年 · Western Year: AD 1050
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:114:s0038
Source Date: Text: 十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0068, liaoshi:019:s0094
Source Date: Text: 十八年 · Western Year: AD 1049
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:114:s0035, liaoshi:114:s0036
Source Date: Text: 十四年 · Western Year: AD 1045
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0154, liaoshi:019:s0155
Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1041
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0002, liaoshi:019:s0001, liaoshi:019:s0017, liaoshi:019:s0019, liaoshi:019:s0020, liaoshi:019:s0025, liaoshi:019:s0034
Source Date: Text: 天慶五年 · Western Year: AD 1115
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:100:s0066
Source Date: Text: 聖宗、興宗陵 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1055 · End: AD 1101
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:032:s0029
Source Date: Text: 聖宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0002, liaoshi:050:s0003
Source Date: Text: 聖宗崩後 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:088:s0151
Source Date: Text: 自太祖及興宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 916 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:060:s0058
Source Date: Text: 興宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:031:s0025, liaoshi:031:s0130, liaoshi:067:s0161
Source Date: Text: 興宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:065:s0102
Source Date: Text: 興宗以定州俘戶建州 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:039:s0218
Source Date: Text: 興宗先有事於菩薩堂及木葉山遼河神 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:049:s0067
Source Date: Text: 興宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit · liaoshi:059:s0045, liaoshi:080:s0085, liaoshi:087:s0132
Source Date: Text: 興宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:062:s0002, liaoshi:093:s0154
Source Date: Text: 興宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0015
Source Date: Text: 興宗敗於李元昊 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:109:s0009
Source Date: Text: 興宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:083:s0074
Source Date: Text: 興宗更制 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:049:s0070
Source Date: Text: 興宗朝 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:104:s0109
Source Date: Text: 興宗神聖孝章皇帝 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:066:s0544
Source Date: Text: 興宗重熙七年 · Western Year: AD 1038
Explicit · liaoshi:057:s0012
Source Date: Text: 舊史稱聖宗、興宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:054:s0002
Source Date: Text: 道宗諒陰 · Western Year: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:086:s0126
Source Date: Text: 重元以所謀白於上 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:112:s0124
Source Date: Text: 重熙 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:082:s0034
Source Date: Text: 重熙 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:090:s0083, liaoshi:097:s0070, liaoshi:097:s0077
Source Date: Text: 重熙三年 · Western Year: AD 1034
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0054, liaoshi:095:s0020
Source Date: Text: 重熙中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:092:s0049
Source Date: Text: 重熙中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:110:s0120, liaoshi:110:s0118
Source Date: Text: 重熙九年 · Western Year: AD 1040
Explicit · liaoshi:054:s0045
Source Date: Text: 重熙九年冊皇太子儀 · Western Year: AD 1040
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:057:s0025
Source Date: Text: 重熙二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1052
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:086:s0125
Source Date: Text: 重熙二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1053
Explicit · liaoshi:056:s0030
Source Date: Text: 重熙二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:021:s0009, liaoshi:021:s0037
Source Date: Text: 重熙五年 · Western Year: AD 1036
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:056:s0056, liaoshi:062:s0021, liaoshi:062:s0024
Source Date: Text: 重熙五年 · Western Year: AD 1036
Explicit · liaoshi:080:s0015
Source Date: Text: 重熙元年 · Western Year: AD 1032
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:062:s0010, liaoshi:062:s0009
Source Date: Text: 重熙六年 · Western Year: AD 1037
Explicit · liaoshi:095:s0008, liaoshi:095:s0010
Source Date: Text: 重熙初 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1034
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:109:s0048
Source Date: Text: 重熙初 · Western Year: AD 1032
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:086:s0060, liaoshi:089:s0010
Source Date: Text: 重熙十一年 · Western Year: AD 1042
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:112:s0138, liaoshi:112:s0139
Source Date: Text: 重熙十三年 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:114:s0034, liaoshi:114:s0036
Source Date: Text: 重熙十三年春 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0156, liaoshi:103:s0165
Source Date: Text: 重熙十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:091:s0018
Source Date: Text: 重熙十五年 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0124
Source Date: Text: 重熙十四年 · Western Year: AD 1045
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:090:s0036, liaoshi:090:s0038
Source Date: Text: 重熙四年 · Western Year: AD 1035
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0016, liaoshi:103:s0017

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Ancestor of Yelü Chun (耶律淳)
Kinship Term: grandfather of / 孫 · Generation Distance: 2
Kinship Term: grandson / 孫 · Generation Distance: 2 · Subject Role: grandson · Object Role: grandfather
Kinship Term: fourth-generation grandson / 第四孫 · Generation Distance: 4 · Line: paternal
Kinship Term: descent line from / 係出 · Line: paternal
Ancestor of Shulie (朮烈)
Kinship Term: grandson / 孫 · Generation Distance: 2
Parent of Crown Prince (太子)
Kinship Term: crown prince / 太子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Baqin (跋芹)
Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: parent · Object Role: child · Object Birth Order: 1
Parent of Wolitai (斡里太)
Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: parent · Object Role: child · Object Birth Order: 2
Ancestor of Yelü Heluwo (耶律和魯斡)
Kinship Term: descent line from / 係出 · Line: paternal
Ancestor of Yuan (遠)
Kinship Term: descent line from / 係出 · Line: paternal
Ancestor of Shi Du (石篤)
Kinship Term: descent line from / 係出 · Line: paternal
Sibling of Princess of Qin-Jin (秦晉國長公主)
Kinship Term: elder sister / 姊 · Subject Relative Age: elder
Parent of Hongji (洪基)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: imperial prince · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: eldest son / 長子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 1 · Line: paternal
Spouse of Empress Renyi of Xiao (仁懿皇后蕭氏)
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
Kinship Term: empress consort / 皇后 · Union Category: marriage
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: marriage · Subject Role: wife · Object Role: husband · Relationship State: active
Kin of Empress Qin'ai (欽哀皇后)
Kinship Term: empress dowager / 皇太后 · Subject Role: empress-dowager · Object Role: emperor
Child of Empress Qin'ai (欽哀皇后)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: mother
Kinship Term: Empress Dowager / 皇太后 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: mother and son / 母子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son
Spouse of Ren'ade (仁德皇后)
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: marriage
Spouse of Empress Xiao (皇后蕭氏)
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
Spouse of Empress of Emperor Xingzong
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage
Child of Yelü Longxu (耶律隆緒)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kin of Xiao Liuning (蕭留寧)
Kinship Term: imperial maternal uncle / 國舅 · Line: maternal
Parent of Hulu Woli (胡盧斡裏)
Kinship Term: imperial prince / 皇子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Sibling of Chongyuan (重元)
Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 太弟 · Shared Parentage: uncertain · Subject Relative Age: elder · Subject Role: elder-brother · Object Role: younger-brother
Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇太弟 · Subject Relative Age: elder
Kinship Term: Imperial Younger Brother / 皇太弟 · Shared Parentage: uncertain · Subject Relative Age: younger
Kinship Term: younger brother of the heir / 次子 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger
Sibling of Princess of Qin (秦國公主)
Kinship Term: imperial younger sister / 皇妹 · Subject Relative Age: younger · Subject Role: sister · Object Role: brother
Parent of Parent of Shulie (朮烈之父或母)
Parentage: biological

Kinship Role: daughters · Count: 2
Explicit · liaoshi:065:s0207
Kinship Role: ancestors · Count: 4 · Label: four ancestors / 四祖
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0164

Origins and identity

Ethnicity: Khitan / 契丹
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:049:s0067
Label: Khitan / 契丹
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:059:s0002, liaoshi:059:s0045

Career and standing

Honor: Sagacious Cultured, Sagacious Martial, Heroic Strategist, Divine Merit, Wise Sage, Benevolent Filial Emperor / 聰文聖武英略神功睿哲仁孝皇帝 · Action: bestowed
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0058
Status: emperor · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:056:s0030
Action: ascended
Explicit · liaoshi:059:s0045
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 興宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit · liaoshi:080:s0014, liaoshi:080:s0085, liaoshi:093:s0154

Places and affiliations

Polity Id: liao · Relation: active-in
Explicit · liaoshi:062:s0002
Polity Id: liao · Relation: belonged-to
Explicit · liaoshi:092:s0049
Polity Id: liao · Relation: ruled
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0174, liaoshi:019:s0189, liaoshi:021:s0003, liaoshi:031:s0025, liaoshi:032:s0029, liaoshi:036:s0158, liaoshi:039:s0218, liaoshi:049:s0067, liaoshi:050:s0002, liaoshi:054:s0002, liaoshi:054:s0045, liaoshi:056:s0030, liaoshi:057:s0012, liaoshi:059:s0045, liaoshi:060:s0058, liaoshi:065:s0102, liaoshi:066:s0544, liaoshi:086:s0060, liaoshi:087:s0132, liaoshi:088:s0151, liaoshi:089:s0010, liaoshi:100:s0066, liaoshi:109:s0009, liaoshi:110:s0120
Polity Id: liao · Relation: served
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0001, liaoshi:067:s0161, liaoshi:080:s0014, liaoshi:090:s0083, liaoshi:095:s0010, liaoshi:097:s0070, liaoshi:103:s0017, liaoshi:104:s0109, liaoshi:114:s0036
Polity Id: liao · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:091:s0015, liaoshi:112:s0018
Place: Cool Hall / 清涼殿 · Relation: present-at · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年六月戊辰 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 6 · Sexagenary Day: 戊辰 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0189
Place: Hall of Imperial Portrait / 御容殿 · Relation: visited
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0013
Place: Qing Mausoleum / 慶陵 · Relation: buried-at
Explicit · liaoshi:021:s0037
Place: Zangtu Hall / 菆塗殿 · Relation: present-at
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0002

Learning and skills

Belief: Buddhism / 浮屠法 · Relation: adherent-of
Explicit · liaoshi:062:s0009
Skill: pitch and rhythm / 音律 · Level: fully-conversant · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Work: earlier histories / 舊史
Explicit · liaoshi:054:s0002

Works and attributed material

Kind: edict · Role: issuer · Action: ordered-household-registration-and-fair-burdens
Explicit · liaoshi:059:s0046, liaoshi:059:s0047, liaoshi:059:s0048, liaoshi:059:s0049
Kind: edict · Role: issuer · Action: refused-request · Quoted: false
Explicit · liaoshi:036:s0158
Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年二月丙寅 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 2 · Sexagenary Day: 丙寅 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0177
Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年三月 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0182
Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年七月辛丑 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 辛丑 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0196
Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年九月甲辰 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 9 · Sexagenary Day: 甲辰 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0199
Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年 · Regnal Year: 15 · Western Year: AD 1046
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:019:s0175
Kind: edict · Role: author · Other Person Id: Xiao Hanjianu (蕭韓家奴) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙十五年 · Western Year: AD 1046 · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Xingzong (興宗)
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0124, liaoshi:103:s0125, liaoshi:103:s0126, liaoshi:103:s0127
Kind: edict · Role: author · Other Person Id: Xiao Hanjianu (蕭韓家奴) · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Xingzong (興宗)
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0105, liaoshi:103:s0106, liaoshi:103:s0107
Kind: edict · Role: author · Other Person Id: Yelü Shucheng (耶律庶成)
Explicit · liaoshi:089:s0014, liaoshi:089:s0015, liaoshi:089:s0016
Kind: edict · Role: author · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Xingzong (興宗)
Explicit · liaoshi:056:s0030
Kind: edict · Role: author · Quoted: true
Explicit · liaoshi:086:s0045
Kind: edict · Role: author
Explicit · liaoshi:062:s0010, liaoshi:062:s0011
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Xiao Hanjianu (蕭韓家奴) · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Xingzong (興宗)
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0115, liaoshi:103:s0118
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Yang Ji (楊佶)
Explicit · liaoshi:089:s0080
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Yelu Hanba (耶律韓八) · Statement: You bear heavy responsibility on the frontier; you should fill the treasuries and relieve the poor to repay Us.
Explicit · liaoshi:091:s0018
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Yelu Hanliu (耶律韓留)
Explicit · liaoshi:089:s0129
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Yelu Pulu (耶律蒲魯)
Explicit · liaoshi:089:s0035
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quote: true
Explicit · liaoshi:083:s0074, liaoshi:114:s0036
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · liaoshi:062:s0017, liaoshi:062:s0024

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: principal · Action: abolished-garrison · Organization: Yaolian Tent / 遙輦帳 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年四月戊午 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 戊午 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0184
Kind: ritual · Role: authority · Action: accepted memorial and began enshrining Xuan and De ancestors · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙十三年春 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit · liaoshi:103:s0165
Kind: commemoration · Role: principal · Action: amnesty-on-shengzong-birthday · Other Person Id: Yelü Longxu (耶律隆緒) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年十二月壬申 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 12 · Sexagenary Day: 壬申 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0204, liaoshi:019:s0205
Kind: appointment · Role: appointing-authority · Action: appointed-and-transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年六月癸丑 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 6 · Sexagenary Day: 癸丑 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0188
Kind: appointment · Role: appointing-authority · Action: appointed · Other Person Id: Xiao Gaoliu (蕭高六) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年四月壬戌 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 壬戌 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0185
Kind: legal · Role: ruler · Action: banned-unauthorized-official-brewing
Explicit · liaoshi:059:s0050, liaoshi:059:s0051
Kind: legal · Role: principal · Action: commuted-and-released-prisoners · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年三月乙酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Sexagenary Day: 乙酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0179
Kind: legal · Role: authority · Action: commuted-death-sentence
Explicit · liaoshi:062:s0024, liaoshi:062:s0025
Kind: examination · Role: presiding-authority · Action: conferred-jinshi · Place: Cool Hall / 清涼殿 · Other Person Id: Wang Tang (王棠) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年六月戊辰 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 6 · Sexagenary Day: 戊辰 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0189
Kind: ritual · Role: reigning-emperor · Action: crown-prince-investiture-ceremony · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙九年冊皇太子儀 · Western Year: AD 1040
Explicit · liaoshi:057:s0025
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Li Yuanhao (李元昊) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 興宗敗於李元昊 · Western Year: AD 1044 · Outcome: fled alone and nearly failed to escape
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0009
Kind: institutional · Role: founder · Action: established · Label: Yanqing Palace / 延慶宮 · Organization: Woduwang orudo / 窩篤碗斡魯朵 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 延慶宮 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:031:s0130
Kind: legal · Role: principal · Action: forbade-cuju · Place: Five Capitals / 五京 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年夏四月辛亥朔 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 辛亥 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0183
Kind: administrative · Role: ruler · Action: founded-Yi-Prefecture-with-Ding-captives · Place: Yi Prefecture / 宜州
Explicit · liaoshi:039:s0218
Kind: relief · Role: principal · Action: granted-relief · Place: Nanjing / 南京 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年十一月乙巳 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 11 · Sexagenary Day: 乙巳 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0203
Kind: travel · Role: principal · Action: halted · Place: Zhonghui River / 中會川 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年冬十月己酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 10 · Sexagenary Day: 己酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0200
Kind: administrative · Role: ruler · Action: herd-administration-continued · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 自太祖及興宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 916 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:060:s0058
Kind: ritual · Role: ruler · Action: honorific-title-investiture-in-dragon-regalia · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙五年 · Western Year: AD 1036
Explicit · liaoshi:056:s0056
Kind: ritual · Role: officiant · Action: led-funeral-rites · Other Person Id: Yelü Longxu (耶律隆緒) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 聖宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0003, liaoshi:050:s0005, liaoshi:050:s0010, liaoshi:050:s0011, liaoshi:050:s0012, liaoshi:050:s0014
Kind: personal · Role: gambler · Action: lost-cities-at-backgammon · Other Person Id: Chongyuan (重元)
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0018, liaoshi:109:s0019
Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: made Guyu poetry companion and sought governance counsel · Other Person Id: Yelü Guyu (耶律谷欲)
Explicit · liaoshi:104:s0109
Kind: appointment · Role: appointing-authority · Action: mass-reappointment · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年十一月丁亥 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 11 · Sexagenary Day: 丁亥 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0201
Kind: ritual · Role: patron · Action: mourned Hanba and sent envoys with funeral goods · Other Person Id: Yelu Hanba (耶律韓八)
Explicit · liaoshi:091:s0021, liaoshi:091:s0022
Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: mourned-at-bier · Other Person Id: Yelü Longxu (耶律隆緒) · Place: Zangtu Hall / 菆塗殿 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 聖宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0002
Kind: political · Role: conspirator · Action: moved-empress-dowager-to-tomb-guarding · Other Person Id: Empress Qin'ai (欽哀皇后) · Place: Qingzhou / 慶州 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙初 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1034
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0049
Kind: ritual · Role: principal · Action: observed-harvest · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年七月戊子 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 戊子 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0192
Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: offered-libations · Other Person Id: Honggu (弘古)
Explicit · liaoshi:095:s0012
Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: ordered Yelu Shucheng to compose commemorative text inscribed at Chongxiao Temple in Shangjing · Other Person Id: Yelü Shucheng (耶律庶成) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙四年 · Western Year: AD 1035
Explicit · liaoshi:091:s0044
Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: ordered-eight-house-clans-to-wear-headcloths · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1053
Explicit · liaoshi:056:s0030
Kind: administrative · Role: principal · Action: ordered-registration · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年十一月己亥 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 11 · Sexagenary Day: 己亥 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0202
Kind: ritual · Role: principal · Action: paid-respects · Other Person Id: Empress Dowager (皇太后) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年三月甲申 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Sexagenary Day: 甲申 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0178
Kind: ritual · Role: principal · Action: paid-respects · Other Person Id: Empress Dowager (皇太后) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年三月辛卯 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Sexagenary Day: 辛卯 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0180
Kind: legal · Role: authority · Action: pardoned-younger-brother
Explicit · liaoshi:062:s0026
Kind: legal · Role: principal · Action: partial-amnesty · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年十二月壬申 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 12 · Sexagenary Day: 壬申 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0204
Kind: personal · Role: son · Action: personally-escorted-mother-back · Other Person Id: Empress Qin'ai (欽哀皇后)
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0050
Kind: ritual · Role: participant · Action: presented-khitan-investiture-register · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙九年 · Western Year: AD 1040
Explicit · liaoshi:054:s0045
Kind: political · Role: promiser · Action: promised-future-succession · Other Person Id: Chongyuan (重元)
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0016
Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: promoted-for-diligence · Other Person Id: Xiao Wuye (蕭烏野)
Explicit · liaoshi:092:s0049
Kind: appointment · Role: appointing-authority · Action: promoted · Other Person Id: Zhemu (遮母) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年七月丁未 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 丁未 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0197
Kind: ritual · Role: recipient · Action: received-bequeathed-gifts · Other Person Id: Yelü Longxu (耶律隆緒) · Place: Hall of Imperial Portrait / 御容殿 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 聖宗崩 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0013
Kind: diplomatic · Role: recipient · Action: received-tribute · Counterparty: Goryeo / 高麗 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年三月丁酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 3 · Sexagenary Day: 丁酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0181
Kind: diplomatic · Role: issuer-of-edict · Action: refused-Iron-Forbidden-State-aid-against-Xia · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 重熙十七年 · Regnal Year: 17 · Western Year: AD 1048
Explicit · liaoshi:036:s0158
Kind: military · Role: principal · Action: registered-troops · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年七月丙申 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 丙申 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0194
Kind: ritual · Role: reformer · Action: revised-system · Object: ritual system / 更制 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 興宗更制 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:049:s0070
Kind: ritual · Role: actor · Action: revised · Object: Mountain Sacrifice Rite sequence and regalia / 拜山儀 · Place: Bodhisattva Hall and Mount Muye Liao River spirit / 菩薩堂及木葉山遼河神 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 興宗先有事於菩薩堂及木葉山遼河神 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:049:s0067
Kind: administrative · Role: ruler · Action: sent-envoys-to-inspect-crops
Explicit · liaoshi:059:s0045
Kind: travel · Role: principal · Action: summer-retreat · Place: Yong'an Mountain / 永安山 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年四月甲子 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 甲子 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0186
Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: temple-rites
Explicit · liaoshi:021:s0044, liaoshi:021:s0071, liaoshi:021:s0081, liaoshi:021:s0144
Kind: examination · Role: examiner-authority · Action: tested-presented-scholars-on-transmission-seal-essay · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 興宗重熙七年 · Western Year: AD 1038
Explicit · liaoshi:057:s0012
Kind: travel · Role: principal · Action: went-to · Place: Huntong River / 混同江 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年春正月乙酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 1 · Sexagenary Day: 乙酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0174
Kind: travel · Role: principal · Action: went-to · Place: Changchun River / 長春河 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年二月乙卯 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 2 · Sexagenary Day: 乙卯 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0176
Kind: travel · Role: principal · Action: went-to · Place: Autumn Mountain / 秋山 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年七月丁酉 · Regnal Year: 15 · Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 丁酉 · Western Year: AD 1046
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0195
Kind: court-ritual · Role: offered the Empress Dowager wine for longevity · Other Person Id: Empress Dowager (皇太后)
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0019
Kind: hunt · Role: hunted at Ma Meng Mountain · Place: Ma Meng Mountain / 馬孟山
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0020
Kind: memorial-ritual · Role: wore plain dress and fed monks on Empress Xuanxian's death anniversary · Other Person Id: Empress Xuanxian (宣獻皇后)
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0063
Kind: policy-decision · Role: accepted Fu Bi's peace argument · Other Person Id: Fu Bi (富弼) · Outcome: friendly relations settled
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0053
Relation: intimate-with · Person Id: Chongyuan (重元)
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0016
Relation: addressed-as-elder-brother · Person Id: Yelü Maliu (耶律馬六)
Explicit · liaoshi:095:s0021

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: began-decline-of-liao-governance-through-purges · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · liaoshi:062:s0100
Assessment: revised rites could not be grounded in canonical learning and did not greatly surpass earlier forms · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · liaoshi:049:s0070
Item: late emperor's bequeathed gifts / 遺賜 · Relation: received · Other Person Id: Yelü Longxu (耶律隆緒)
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0013

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · liaoshi:050:s0002, liaoshi:060:s0058, liaoshi:065:s0102

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Liao, Chapter 19Volume 19 Annals 19: Xingzong 2 · 15 passages

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興宗二 Xingzong, Part Two

九月辛亥，朝皇太后。 On xinhai day of the ninth month the Emperor paid respects to the Empress Dowager.

庚申，皇太后射獲熊，上進酒為壽。 On gengshen day the Empress Dowager shot and captured a bear, and the Emperor offered wine to wish her long life.

癸亥，上獵馬孟山，草木蒙密，恐獵者誤射傷人，命耶律迪姑各書姓名於矢以誌之。 On guihai day the Emperor hunted at Ma Meng Mountain; vegetation was thick and dense, and fearing hunters might accidentally shoot and injure people, he ordered Yelü Digu and the others each to write their names on their arrows for identification.

辛卯，以皇子胡盧斡裏生，北宰相、駙馬撒八寧迎上至其第宴飲，上命衛士與漢人角觝為樂。 On xinmao day, because the imperial prince Hulu Woli was born, Northern Chancellor and imperial son-in-law Saba Ning welcomed the Emperor to his residence for feasting and drinking; the Emperor ordered guards and Han people to wrestle for amusement.

上聞宋設關河，治壕塹，恐為邊患，與南、北樞密吳國王蕭孝穆、趙國王蕭貫寧謀取宋舊割關南十縣地，遂遣蕭英、劉六符使宋。 The Emperor heard that Song had fortified the passes and rivers and dug moats and feared it would become a border threat; with Southern and Northern Privy Commissioners Prince of Wu Xiao Xiaomu and Prince of Zhao Xiao Guanning he plotted to recover the ten Song counties south of the passes ceded in former times, and thereupon dispatched Xiao Ying and Liu Liufu as envoys to Song.

是時，富弼為上言，大意謂遼與宋和，坐獲歲幣，則利在國家，臣下無與； At that time Fu Bi spoke to the Emperor, the general purport being that if Liao made peace with Song and passively received annual tribute, the benefit lay with the state and subordinates had no share;

上感其言，和好始定。 The Emperor was moved by his words, and friendly relations were finally settled.

帝喜，宴群臣於昭慶殿。 the Emperor was pleased and feasted ministers at Zhaoqing Hall.

冬十一月丁亥，群臣加上尊號曰聰文聖武英略神功睿哲仁孝皇帝，冊皇后蕭氏曰貞懿宣慈崇聖皇后。 On dinghai day of the eleventh winter month ministers added the honorific title Sagacious Cultured, Sagacious Martial, Heroic Strategist, Divine Merit, Wise Sage, Benevolent Filial Emperor, and invested Empress Xiao as Chaste Virtuous, Proclaiming Benevolence, Exalted Sage Empress.

十二月癸卯，朝皇太后。 On guimao day of the twelfth month the Emperor paid respects to the Empress Dowager.

己酉，以宣獻皇后忌日，上與皇太后素服，飯僧於延壽、憫忠、三學三寺。 On jiyou day, because it was Empress Xuanxian's death anniversary, the Emperor and Empress Dowager wore plain dress and fed monks at Yanshou, Minzhong, and Sanxue temples.

己未，宋遣賀正旦及永壽節使居邸，帝微服往觀。 On jiwei day Song envoys congratulating on New Year's Day and the Eternal Longevity Festival were staying at their lodgings, and the Emperor went in disguise to observe them.

九月壬申，朝皇太后，謁望仙殿。 On renshen day of the ninth month the Emperor paid respects to the Empress Dowager and visited Wangxian Hall.

戊辰，禦清涼殿，放進士王棠等六十八人。 On wuchen day the Emperor attended the Cool Hall and conferred the jinshi degree on sixty-eight men, including Wang Tang.

History of Liao, Chapter 21Volume 21 Annals 21: Daozong 1 · 9 passages

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興宗皇帝長子，母曰仁懿皇后蕭氏。 He was the eldest son of Emperor Xingzong; his mother was Empress Renyi of the Xiao clan.

帝性沈靜、嚴毅，每朝，興宗為之斂容。 The Emperor's nature was calm and stern; at each audience Xingzong would compose himself on his account.

二十四年秋八月己，興宗崩，即皇帝位於柩前，哀慟不聽政。 In the twenty-fourth year, in the eighth autumn month on a ji day, Xingzong died; he took the throne before the bier and, in deep grief, would not govern.

十一月甲子，葬興宗皇帝於慶陵。 On jiazi day of the eleventh month Emperor Xingzong was buried at Qing Mausoleum.

戊寅，冬至，有事於太祖、景宗、興宗廟，不受群臣賀。 On wuyin day, the winter solstice, rites were performed at Taizu's, Jingzong's, and Xingzong's temples; the court did not receive congratulations from the ministers.

乙巳，以興宗在時生辰，宴群臣，命各賦詩。 On yisi day, because it was Xingzong's birthday while he lived, ministers were feasted and each ordered to compose a poem.

甲辰，有事於興宗廟。 On jiachen day rites were performed at Xingzong's temple.

九月庚子，幸中京，祭聖宗、興宗於會安殿。 On gengzi day of the ninth month the court visited the Central Capital and sacrificed to Shengzong and Xingzong at Hui'an Hall.

冬十月壬子朔，幸南京，祭興宗於嘉寧殿。 On the renzi new moon of the tenth winter month the court visited Nanjing and sacrificed to Xingzong at Jianing Hall.

History of Liao, Chapter 30Volume 30 Annals 30: Emperor Tianzuo 4: Ye Luchun, Ye Luyali, Ye Ludashi and Son: Yilie, Yi Lie and Younger Sister: Pu Suwan, Yi Lieci and Son: Zhilugu · 1 passage

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淳小字涅里，興宗第四孫，南京留守、宋魏王和魯斡之子。 Chun's childhood name was Nieli; he was Emperor Xingzong's fourth-generation grandson, son of Southern Capital regent and Song Prince of Wei Heluwo.

History of Liao, Chapter 31Volume 31 Treatises 1: Management of Guards 1 · 2 passages

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穆宗曰延昌宮，景宗曰彰湣宮，承天太后曰崇德宮，聖宗曰興聖宮，興宗曰延慶宮，道宗曰太和宮，天祚曰永昌宮。 Muzong: Yanchang Palace; Jingzong: Zhangmin Palace; Empress Chengtian: Chongde Palace; Shengzong: Xingsheng Palace; Xingzong: Yanqing Palace; Daozong: Taihe Palace; Tianzuo: Yongchang Palace.

窩篤碗斡魯朵，興宗置。 The Woduwang orudo, established by Xingzong.

History of Liao, Chapter 32Volume 32 Treatises 2: Management of Guards 2 · 1 passage

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道宗每歲先幸黑山，拜聖宗、興宗陵，賞金蓮。 Each year Daozong first visited Black Mountain, paid respects at the tombs of Emperors Shengzong and Xingzong, and admired the golden lotus.

History of Liao, Chapter 36Volume 36 Treatises 6: Military 3 · 1 passage

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又有鐵不得國者，興宗重熙十七年乞以兵助攻夏國，詔不許。 In Xingzong's Chongxi year 17 the Iron-Forbidden State once asked to join an attack on Western Xia; the court denied the request.

History of Liao, Chapter 39Volume 39 Treatises 9: Geography 3 · 1 passage

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興宗以定州俘戶建州。 Xingzong founded it with Ding Prefecture captives.

History of Liao, Chapter 49Volume 49 Treatises 19: Rites 1 · 2 passages

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興宗先有事於菩薩堂及木葉山遼河神，然後行拜山儀，冠服、節文多所變更，後因以為常。 Xingzong first performed rites at the Bodhisattva Hall and to the Liao River spirit on Mount Muye before conducting the Mountain Sacrifice Rite; he altered regalia and ritual stages extensively, and these changes later became standard.

興宗更制，不能正以經術，無以大過於昔，故不載。 Xingzong's revised rites could not be grounded in canonical learning and did not greatly surpass the earlier forms, and so are not recorded here.

History of Liao, Chapter 50Volume 50 Treatises 20: Rites 2 · 4 passages

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喪葬儀：聖宗崩，興宗哭臨於菆塗殿。 Funeral rites: When Emperor Shengzong passed away, Emperor Xingzong came to mourn at the bier in the Zangtu Hall.

大行之夕四鼓終，皇帝率群臣入，柩前三致奠，奉柩出殿之西北門，就辒京車，藉以素裀。 On the night the late emperor died, after the fourth watch had ended, the emperor led his ministers inside. Before the bier they presented offerings three times, then carried the coffin out through the northwest gate of the hall, set it on the encoffining carriage, and laid a plain white mat underneath.

皇帝御幄，命改火，面火致奠，三拜。 The emperor took his seat in the imperial tent, ordered the mourning fire to be kindled anew, faced the fire to present offerings, and bowed three times.

興宗崩，道宗親擇地以葬。 When Emperor Xingzong died, Emperor Daozong personally selected the ground for his burial.

History of Liao, Chapter 54Volume 54 Treatises 24: Music · 2 passages

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舊史稱聖宗、興宗咸通音律，聲氣、歌辭、舞節，徵諸太常、儀鳳、教坊不可得。 Earlier histories report that Emperors Shengzong and Xingzong were fully conversant with pitch and rhythm, yet the timbres, lyrics, and dance patterns could not be recovered from the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, the Office of Ceremonial Phoenixes, or the Training Bureau.

興宗重熙九年，上契丹冊，皇帝出，奏《隆安》之樂。 In the ninth year of Chongxi under Emperor Xingzong, when the Khitan document of investiture was presented, the music Long Peace was played as the emperor came forth.

History of Liao, Chapter 56Volume 56 Treatises 26: Ceremonial Guards 2 · 1 passage

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興宗重熙二十二年，詔八房族巾幘。 In the twenty-second year of Chongxi, Emperor Xingzong ordered the eight house clans to wear headcloths and caps.

History of Liao, Chapter 57Volume 57 Treatises 27: Ceremonial Guards 3 · 1 passage

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興宗重熙七年，以《有傳國寶者為正統賦》試進士。 In the seventh year of the Chongxi era (1038), during the reign of Emperor Xingzong, candidates for the presented-scholar degree were tested with the essay topic, "Whoever Holds the Imperial Transmission Seal Holds Legitimate Rule."

History of Liao, Chapter 59Volume 59 Treatises 29: Finance and Economics 1 · 1 passage

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興宗即位，遣使閱諸道禾稼。 When the Xingzong Emperor ascended the throne, he dispatched envoys to inspect the grain crops in every circuit.

History of Liao, Chapter 60Volume 60 Treatises 30: Finance and Economics 2 · 1 passage

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自太祖及興宗垂二百年，群牧之盛如一日。 From Taizu through Emperor Xingzong, nearly two centuries, the herds remained as abundant as on a single prosperous day.

History of Liao, Chapter 62Volume 62 Treatises 32: Punishment and Law 2 · 3 passages

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興宗即位，欽哀皇后始得志，昆弟專權。 When Xingzong came to the throne, Empress Dowager Qin'ai finally had her way, and her brothers seized control of the government.

然興宗好名，喜變更，又溺浮屠法，務行小惠，數降赦宥，釋死囚甚眾。 Yet Xingzong cared deeply for his reputation, loved to change policy, and was devoted to Buddhism; he showered petty favors, issued frequent amnesties, and released a great many prisoners under sentence of death.

蓋自興宗時，遽起大獄，仁德皇后戕於幽所，遼政始衰。 From Xingzong's reign great purges began; Empress Ren'ade died in confinement—and Liao governance began its decline.

History of Liao, Chapter 65Volume 65 Tables 3: Princesses · 2 passages

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封隨國公主，進封秦國。興宗封宋國長公主。 She was enfeoffed Princess of Sui State and advanced to Qin State; Xingzong enfeoffed her as Princess of Song State.

興宗二女： Xingzong had two daughters:

History of Liao, Chapter 66Volume 66 Tables 4: Imperial Family · 1 passage

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右係出興宗神聖孝章皇帝。 Right descent line from Emperor Xingzong the Divine Sage, Filial and Patterned.

History of Liao, Chapter 67Volume 67 Tables 5: Families of Imperial Consorts · 1 passage

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興宗仁懿皇后父孝穆 Xiaomu, father of Empress Renyi, consort of Emperor Xingzong

History of Liao, Chapter 80Volume 80 Biographies 10: Zhang Jian, Xing Baopu, Ma Dechen, Xiao Pu, Yelu Eight Brothers · 16 passages

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帝不豫，受遺詔輔立太子，是為興宗，賜貞亮弘靖保義守節耆德功臣，拜太師、中書令，加尚父，徙王陳。 When the Emperor fell ill, Jian received the deathbed edict to assist in establishing the heir, who became Xingzong; he was granted the title of meritorious minister of steadfast integrity and aged virtue, appointed Grand Preceptor and Secretariat Director, raised to Honored Father, and transferred to Prince of Chen.

重熙五年，帝幸禮部貢院及親試進士，皆儉發之。 In the fifth year of Chongxi the Emperor visited the Board of Rites examination compound and personally tested jinshi candidates — reforms that Jian had proposed.

進見不名，賜詩褒美。 When he came to audience his name was not announced aloud, and the Emperor granted him a poem of praise.

方冬，奏事便殿，帝見衣袍弊惡，密令近侍以火夾穿孔記之，屢見不易。 One winter, while Jian was reporting on business in the side hall, the Emperor noticed his robe and cloak were worn and shabby; he secretly ordered attendants to burn marker holes in them with fire-tongs, yet saw them again and again unchanged.

帝問其故，儉對曰：「臣服此袍已三十年。」 The Emperor asked why; Jian replied, "Your servant has worn this robe for thirty years."

上憐其清貧，令恣取內府物，儉奉詔持布三端而出，益見獎重。 The Emperor, pitying his poverty, told him to take whatever he wished from the inner treasury; Jian obeyed the edict, took only three bolts of cloth, and left — and was esteemed all the more.

儉弟五人，上欲俱賜進士第，固辭。 Jian had five younger brothers; the Emperor wished to grant them all jinshi degrees, but Jian firmly declined.

上勃然曰：「卿欲朕償命耶！」 The Emperor flared up and said, "Do you wish that We repay lives with lives!"

乃從之。 The Emperor then granted his request.

致政歸第，會宋書辭不如禮，上將親征。 After retiring from office and returning home, it happened that Song's diplomatic reply was not in proper form; the Emperor was about to lead a campaign in person.

幸儉第，尚食先往具饌，卻之； The Emperor visited Jian's house; the imperial kitchen went ahead to prepare a feast, but Jian declined it.

進葵羹幹飯，帝食之美。 He served sunflower broth and plain dried rice; the Emperor ate it and pronounced it excellent.

徐問以策，儉極陳利害，且曰：「第遣一使問之，何必遠勞車駕？」 The Emperor gradually questioned him on policy; Jian set forth at length the advantages and harms, and said, "Why not simply send an envoy to inquire? Why trouble the imperial carriage to go so far?"

上悅而止。 The Emperor was pleased and abandoned the campaign.

復即其第賜宴，器玩悉與之。 The Emperor again came to his house to grant a feast and gave him all the vessels and curios used there.

興宗即位，皇太后稱制，國事一委弟孝先。 When Xingzong took the throne, the Empress Dowager assumed regency and entrusted all state affairs to her younger brother Xiaoxian.

History of Liao, Chapter 82Volume 82 Biographies 12: Yelu Longyun, Yelu Boguzhe, Xiao Yanga, Wu Bai, Xiao Changge, Yelu Hugu · 1 passage

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滌魯神情秀徹，聖宗子視之，興宗待以兄禮，雖貴愈謙。 Dilu possessed a clear, penetrating grace of manner. Emperor Shengzong treated him as a son, and Emperor Xingzong honored him with the courtesy owed an elder brother; the higher he rose, the more modest he became.

History of Liao, Chapter 83Volume 83 Biographies 13: Yelu Xiuge, Yelu Xiezhen, Yelu Xidi, Yelu Xuegu · 2 passages

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興宗時，以散職入見，上問：「卿奉佛乎？」 Under Emperor Xingzong he appeared at court in a minor post. The emperor asked, "Do you worship the Buddha?"

帝悅。 The emperor was pleased.

History of Liao, Chapter 86Volume 86 Biographies 16: Yelu Hezhu, Liu Jing, Liu Liufu, Ye Luniaolu, Niu Wenshu, Du Fang, Xiao Heshang, Yelu Helizhi, Yelu Pode · 1 passage

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道宗諒陰，為大行皇帝山陵使。 During Emperor Daozong's mourning for his father, he served as commissioner for the late emperor's tomb.

History of Liao, Chapter 87Volume 87 Biographies 17: · 8 passages

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興宗即位，徙王秦，尋復為南京留守。 When Emperor Xingzong took the throne, Xiaomu was transferred to Prince of Qin and soon again became Military Governor of Nanjing.

時天下無事，戶口蕃息，上富於春秋，每言及周取十縣，慨然有南伐之志。 At that time the realm was at peace and the population was growing. The emperor, still in the prime of life, would sigh with resolve whenever he spoke of recovering the ten counties south of the passes and harbored a desire for a southern campaign.

時上意已決，書奏不報。 At that time the emperor's mind was already made up; the memorial went unanswered.

帝每燕飲，喜諧謔。 Whenever the emperor feasted and drank, he enjoyed witty banter.

興宗諒陰，欽哀弒仁德皇后，孝先與蕭浞卜、蕭匹敵等謀居多。 While Emperor Xingzong was in mourning, Qin'ai murdered Empress Rende; Xiaoxian, together with Xiao Fubu, Xiao Pidi, and others, played the leading part in the plot.

三年，太后與孝先謀廢立事，帝知之，勒衛兵出宮，召孝先至，諭以廢太后意。 In the third year the Empress Dowager and Xiaoxian plotted to depose the emperor and enthrone another. When the emperor learned of it, he ordered the palace guards out of the palace, summoned Xiaoxian, and told him of his plan to depose the Empress Dowager.

會伐夏，孝友與樞密使蕭惠失利河南，帝欲誅之，太后救免。 During a campaign against Xia, Xiaoyou and Commissioner Xiao Hui were defeated south of the Yellow River. The emperor wished to put them to death, but the Empress Dowager intervened and spared them.

上思其功，遣使祭於家。 The emperor remembered his service and sent envoys to offer sacrifices at his home.

History of Liao, Chapter 88Volume 88 Biographies 18: Xiao Dilie, Yelu Pennu, Xiao Paiya, Yelu Zizhong, Yelu Yaozhi, Yelu Honggu, Gao Zheng, Yelu Delu, Da Kangyi · 1 passage

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氣絕而蘇，興宗命醫治疾。 He fainted and revived. Emperor Xingzong ordered physicians to treat his illness.

History of Liao, Chapter 89Volume 89 Biographies 19: Yelu Shucheng, Yang Ji, Yelu Hanliu, Yang Ji, Yelu Heshang · 17 passages

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與蕭韓家奴各進《四時逸樂賦》，帝嗟賞。 He and Xiao Hanjianu each submitted Rhapsodies on Leisure through the Four Seasons, which the emperor received with warm admiration.

初，契丹醫人鮮知切脈審藥，上命庶成譯方脈書行之，自是人皆通習，雖諸部族亦知醫事。 At first Khitan physicians seldom knew pulse diagnosis or how to judge medicines. The emperor ordered Shucheng to translate works on pulse lore and put them into practice, after which the art became widely known, and even the tribal peoples learned medical practice.

與樞密副使蕭德修定法令，上詔庶成曰：「方今法令輕重不倫。 Working with Vice Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs Xiao De, he revised the statutes. The emperor addressed Shucheng: "At present the penalties in our statutes are inconsistent in severity.

帝覽而善之。 The emperor read it and expressed his approval.

主文以國制無契丹試進士之條，聞於上，以庶箴擅令子就科目，鞭之二百。 The chief examiner reported to the throne that national law contained no provision for Khitans to sit the jinshi examination. Shuzhen was judged to have presumptuously placed his son in the examination and was given two hundred strokes of the whip.

帝嘉賞，顧左右曰：「文才如此，必不能武事。」 The emperor was delighted and remarked to his attendants, "With literary talent like this, he surely cannot be skilled in arms."

帝未之信。 The emperor was not yet convinced.

會從獵，三矢中三兔，帝奇之，轉通進。 Once on a hunt he brought down three hares with three arrows. The emperor was astonished and promoted him to Tongjin.

登對稱旨，進樞密副使。 His answers in audience pleased the emperor, and he was promoted to Vice Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs.

上欲召用韓留，解裏言目病不能視，議前寢。 The emperor wished to summon Hanliu to office, but Jieli said he had an eye ailment and could not see, and the matter was dropped before discussion.

帝曰：「朕早欲用卿，聞有疾，故待之至今。」 The emperor said, "I long wished to employ you; hearing you were ill, I waited until now."

詔進《述懷詩》，上嘉嘆。 An edict ordered him to present Expressing Feelings, and the emperor sighed in admiration.

上御清涼殿宴勞之，即日除吏部尚書，兼門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。 The emperor entertained him in the Qingliang Hall to honor his service and that same day appointed him Minister of Personnel with concurrent posts as vice director of the Gate Department and associate grand councilor.

上曰：「卿今日何減呂望之遇文王！」 The emperor said, "How is the favor shown you today any less than what Lü Wang received from King Wen!"

上悅。 The emperor was delighted.

時帝篤於親親，凡三父之後，皆序父兄行第，於和尚尤狎愛。 The emperor was then deeply devoted to his kinsmen; all descendants of the three paternal uncles were ranked by paternal generation, and he was especially intimate and affectionate toward Heshang.

然每侍宴飲，雖詼諧，未嘗有一言之過，由是上益重之。 Yet whenever he attended banquets, though playful in manner, he never let a single improper word slip, and for this the emperor esteemed him all the more.

History of Liao, Chapter 90Volume 90 Biographies 20: Xiao Ala, Yelu Yixian, Xiao Taowei, Xiao Talage, Yelu Dilu · 2 passages

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幼養宮中，興宗尤愛之。 Raised in the palace from childhood, he was especially beloved by Emperor Xingzong.

信先，興宗以其父瑰引為刺血友，幼養於宮。 Xinxian: Emperor Xingzong had sworn blood brotherhood with his father Guiyin, and Xinxian was raised in the palace from boyhood.

History of Liao, Chapter 91Volume 91 Biographies 21: Yelu Hanba, Yelu Tanggu, Xiao Paizhe, Yelu Jue, Yelu Pulidu · 4 passages

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入朝，帝從容謂曰：「卿守邊任重，當實府庫、振貧乏以報朕。」 When he came to court, the emperor said at ease, "You bear heavy responsibility on the frontier; you should fill the treasuries and relieve the poor to repay Us."

上聞，悼惜。 When the emperor heard of it, he mourned and grieved.

死之日，篋無舊蓄，椸無新衣，遣使吊祭，給葬具。 On the day of his death his chest held no old stores and his wardrobe no new clothes; the emperor sent envoys to mourn him and provide funeral goods.

乞勒其父屋質功於石，帝命耶律庶成制文，勒石上京崇孝寺。 He asked that his father Wuzhi's achievements be carved on stone; the emperor ordered Yelu Shucheng to compose the text, which was inscribed at Chongxiao Temple in Shangjing.

History of Liao, Chapter 92Volume 92 Biographies 22: Xiao Duola, Xiao Puda, Yelu Houshen, Yelu Guyue, Yelu Dumei, Xiao Hanjia, Xiao Wuye · 1 passage

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重熙中，補護衛，興宗見其勤恪，遷護衛太保。 During the Chongxi era he entered the guard corps; Emperor Xingzong noted his diligence and promoted him to Grand Guard Captain.

History of Liao, Chapter 93Volume 93 Biographies 23: Xiao Hui, Xiao Yulu, Xiao Tuyu, Yelu Duozhen · 2 passages

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興宗即位，知興中府，歷順義軍節度使、東京留守、西南面招討使，加開府儀同三司、檢校太師，兼侍中，封鄭王，賜推誠協謀竭節功臣。 When Emperor Xingzong took the throne, Hui governed Xingzhong Prefecture and held successive posts as military commissioner of the Shunyi Army, Eastern Capital prefect, and southwestern route pacification commissioner; he was further made acting three excellencies of the opening office, honorary grand preceptor, and vice director of the secretariat, created Prince of Zheng, and granted the title Meritorious Subject of Sincere Counsel and Utmost Loyalty.

興宗使惠恣取珍物，惠曰：「臣以戚屬據要地，祿足養廉，奴婢千餘，不為闕乏。 Emperor Xingzong urged him to help himself to treasures; Hui replied, "As imperial kin in high office, my stipend suffices for honest living, and with more than a thousand servants I want for nothing.

History of Liao, Chapter 95Volume 95 Biographies 25: Yelu Honggu, Yelu Maliu, Xiao Dilie, Yelu Shilu, Yelu Chenjianu, Yelu Teme, Yelu Xiantong, Xiao Susa, Yelu Dabeinu · 6 passages

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帝閔其勞，復授武定軍節度使，卒。 The emperor, moved by his long service, again appointed him Military Commissioner of the Wuding Army, after which he died.

訃聞，上哭曰：「惜哉善人！」 When word of his death arrived, the emperor wept and said, "What a loss — such a good man!"

以故上益親狎。 For this reason the emperor grew all the more fond and familiar with him.

六年，奉詔使宋，傷足而跛，不告遂行，帝怒。 In the sixth year, he was ordered on embassy to Song. His foot had been injured and he was lame, yet he departed without reporting it, and the emperor was furious.

會帝獵，陳家奴逐鹿圍內，鞭之二百。 Once when the emperor was hunting, Chenjianu chased a deer inside the hunting enclosure and was flogged two hundred strokes.

帝怒，鞭之。 The emperor was furious and had him flogged.

History of Liao, Chapter 97Volume 97 Biographies 27: Yelu Wotela, Hai Li, Dou Jingyong, Yelu Yinji, Yang Ji, Zhao Hui, Wang Guan, Yelu Xisun · 3 passages

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興宗崩，充夏國報哀使； When Emperor Xingzong died, he served as envoy to the Xia state to announce the mourning;

興宗在青宮，嘗居左右輔導。 When Xingzong was heir apparent in the Eastern Palace, Xisun had once served at his side as instructor.

帝以喜孫有翼戴功，且悼其子罪死，欲世其官，喜孫無所出之部，因見馬印文有品部號，使隸其部，拜南府宰相。 Because Xisun had merit in supporting the emperor's accession and the emperor also grieved that his son had died for a crime, he wished to make his office hereditary; as Xisun had no division of origin, the emperor saw on a horse-brand the mark of the Pin tribe, had him attached to that tribe, and appointed him Chancellor of the Southern Administration.

History of Liao, Chapter 100Volume 100 Biographies 30: Yelu Tanggu, Xiao Delidi, Xiao Chouwo, Yelu Zhangnu, Yelu Paizhe · 1 passage

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今天下土崩，竊見興宗皇帝孫魏國王淳道德隆厚，能理世安民，臣等欲立以主社稷。 Now the realm is crumbling; we have seen that Emperor Xingzong's grandson, Prince of Wei Chun, is a man of deep virtue who can govern the age and bring peace to the people, and we wish to set him up to rule the state.

History of Liao, Chapter 103Volume 103 Biographies 33: Literature 1 · 20 passages

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帝與語，才之，命為詩友。 The emperor spoke with him, recognized his talent, and named him a poetry companion.

嘗從容問曰：「卿居外有異聞乎？」 On one relaxed occasion the emperor asked, "In your posts away from court, have you heard anything noteworthy?"

帝大笑。 The emperor laughed aloud.