Luo Hongxin (羅弘信)

Overview

The translated histories identify Luo Hongxin as an aristocrat, general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 39 passages from 6 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Luo Hongxin	羅弘信	Luo Hongxin
Courtesy name	Defu	德孚	Defu
Courtesy	Defu	德孚
Title	Duke of Yuzhang	豫章郡公
Personal name	Luo Hongxin	羅弘信	Luo Hongxin
Personal	Luo Hongxin	羅弘信
Personal	Luo Hongxin	羅宏信	Luo Hongxin
Personal name	Luo Hongxin	羅宏信	Luo Hongxin
Title	Prince of Beiping	北平王
Title	Prince of Linqing	臨清王
Title	Prince of Zhao	趙王
Posthumous name	Zhuangsu	莊肅

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiutangshu:181:s0131, jiutangshu:185:s0002, jiuwudaishi:007:s0016, jiuwudaishi:071:s0027, xinwudaishi:044:s0041
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:062:s0052

Roles

Aristocrat
General
Military Officer
Official
Warlord

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光化元年九月 · Western Year: AD 898 · Age: Value: 63 · Reckoning: sui
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0159
Age: 63 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光化元年九月 · Western Year: AD 898
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0151
Note: already deceased when posthumously enfeoffed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年二月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0016

Age

Value: 63 · Reckoning: sui
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0159
Years: 63 · Reckoning: sui
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0151

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 乾化二年 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:007:s0016
Source Date: Text: 光化元年九月 · Western Year: AD 898
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0159, jiutangshu:185:s0151
Source Date: Text: 大順元年 · Western Year: AD 890
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:062:s0052
Source Date: Text: 大順元年 · Western Year: AD 890
Explicit · xinwudaishi:044:s0041
Source Date: Text: 文德元年四月 · Western Year: AD 888
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0143
Western Interval: Start: AD 888 · End: AD 898 · Source Date: Text: 羅紹威為節度副大使，頲以所業幹之，幕客公乘億為延譽，羅宏信署為府參軍，辟館驛巡官。
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:071:s0027
Source Date: Text: 龍紀中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 889 · End: AD 889
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0145

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Descendant of Luo Zhen (羅珍)
Kinship Term: grandfather / 祖 · Generation Distance: 2 · Line: paternal
Descendant of Luo Xiu (羅秀)
Kinship Term: great-grandfather / 曾祖 · Generation Distance: 3 · Line: paternal
Parent of Luo Wei (羅威)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: child
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological
Child of Luo Rang (羅讓)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: child
Child of Luo Rang (羅讓)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological

Career and standing

Label: Military governor of Weibo / 魏博節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0144
Label: Wei-Bo military governor / 魏博節度觀察處置等使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0136
Label: Weibo Military Commissioner / 魏博節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0016
Title: Prince of Zhao / 趙王 · Action: posthumously-enfeoffed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年二月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0016
Label: Grand Preceptor / 太師 · Action: posthumous
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0159
Label: Zhuangsu / 莊肅 · Type: posthumous-name
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0151
Title: Duke of Yuzhang / 豫章郡公 · Action: enfeoffed
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0145
Title: King of Linqing / 臨清王 · Action: held
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0150
Title: Prince of Linqing / 臨清王 · Action: held
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0158
Title: Prince of Beiping / 北平王 · Action: posthumous
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0159
Title: King of Northern Ping / 北平王 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0151

Places and affiliations

Label: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0144
Polity: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · jiutangshu:185:s0002
Place: Guixiang in Weizhou / 魏州貴鄕
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0131
Place: Guixiang, Weizhou / 魏州貴鄉 · Relation: native-of
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0123

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Date Context: Source Date: Text: AD 888 · Western Year: AD 888
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0132
Kind: report · Role: recipient · Other Person Id: Neighbor of Luo Hongxin · Provenance: Mode: hearsay
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0128, jiutangshu:185:s0129
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0140

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Le Congxun (樂從訓)
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0120
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Li Cunxin (李存信)
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0150
Kind: political · Role: refuser · Action: refused-passage · Other Person Id: Wang Yuyu (王虔裕)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:062:s0052
Relation: ally-of · Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠)
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0150, jiutangshu:181:s0157, jiutangshu:185:s0142, jiutangshu:185:s0149
Relation: served-under · Person Id: Le Yanzhen (樂彥禎)
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0133
Relation: served-under · Person Id: Han Jian (韓簡)
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0133

References in the histories

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Old Book of Tang, Chapter 181Volume 177 Biographies 127: Cui Shenyou, Cui Gong, Lu Jun, Pei Xiu, Yang Shou, Wei Baoheng, Lu Yan, Xiao Houzi, Liu Zhan, Liu Zhuan, Cao Que, Bi Xian, Du Shenquan, Liu Ye, Dou Luzhan · 18 passages

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眾懷疑懼，復害文㺹，推羅弘信爲帥。 The army grew fearful and restless; they killed Wenqing in turn and set up Luo Hongxin as commander.

弘信以兵出戰，敗之。 Hongxin took the field and defeated him.

弘信遣將程公佐領兵討擊，大敗之，梟從訓首於軍門，時文德元年春也。 Hongxin sent Cheng Gongzuo in pursuit, routed him utterly, and displayed Congxun's head before the army gate in the spring of the first year of Wende.

羅弘信，字德孚，魏州貴鄕人。 Luo Hongxin, styled Defu, came from Guixiang in Weizhou.

弘信少從戎役，歷事節度使韓簡、樂彥禎。 Hongxin entered military service young and served in turn under Han Jian and Le Yanzhen.

眾復以爲不便，因推弘信爲帥。 The troops soon found this arrangement unsatisfactory and set up Hongxin instead.

先是，有鄰人密謂弘信曰：「某嘗夜遇一白鬚翁，相告雲，君當爲土地主。 Earlier a neighbor had told him in private, "One night I met a white-bearded old man who said you would become lord of this land.

弘信竊異之。 Hongxin kept the story to himself and wondered at it.

弘信即應之曰：「白鬚翁早以命我。」 Hongxin answered at once, "The white-bearded old man appointed me long ago."

存信御軍無法，侵魏之芻牧，弘信不平之。 Cunxin kept poor discipline and plundered Wei's fodder and pasture, to Hongxin's anger.

弘信乃托好於汴，出師三萬攻存信，敗之。 Hongxin therefore courted Bian, marched out thirty thousand men against Cunxin, and defeated him.

朱全忠方事兗鄆，懼弘信離貳，每歲時賂遺，必卑辭厚禮答貺。 Quanzhong was then busy with Yan and Yun and feared Hongxin might waver; every season he sent gifts, and Hongxin always replied with humble words and lavish return gifts.

全忠對魏使北面拜而受之，曰：「六兄比予倍年已上，兄弟之國，安得以常鄰遇之。」 Quanzhong would face north and bow to receive Wei's gifts, saying, "Sixth Brother is more than twice my age; we are brothers in arms — how could I treat him as an ordinary neighbor?"

弘信以爲厚己，亦推心焉。 Hongxin took this as genuine regard and gave Quanzhong his full trust in return.

弘信累官至檢校太師、守侍中、臨清王。 Hongxin rose in time to Acting Grand Preceptor, Defender Palace Attendant, and Prince of Linqing.

光化元年九月卒，年六十三，贈太師，追封北平王，謚曰莊肅。 He died in the ninth month of the first year of Guanghua at sixty-three; the court posthumously made him Grand Preceptor, Prince of Beiping, with the posthumous title Zhuangsu.

弘信子威威，字端己。 Hongxin's son Wei, styled Duanji.

弘信卒，襲父位爲留後，朝廷從而命之。 When Hongxin died, Wei succeeded as acting governor, and the court confirmed the appointment.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 185Volume 181 Biographies 131: Shi Xiancheng, Zi Xiaozhang, He Jintao, Han Yunzhong, Li Yanzhen, Luo Hongxin · 17 passages

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史憲誠子孝章何進滔子弘敬韓允忠子簡樂彥禎子從訓羅弘信子威 Shi Xiancheng and his son Xiaozhang; He Jintao and his son Hongjing; Han Yunzhong and his son Jian; Le Yanzhen and his son Congxun; Luo Hongxin and his son Wei

眾懷疑懼，復害文㺹，推羅弘信為帥。 The troops, fearful and suspicious, killed Wenkan in turn and acclaimed Luo Hongxin as their commander.

弘信以兵出戰，敗之。 Hongxin marched out to fight and defeated him.

弘信遣將程公佐領兵討擊，大敗之，梟從訓首於軍門，時文德元年春也。 Hongxin sent the general Cheng Gongzuo against him, routed his army, and displayed Congxun's head at the camp gate. This was in the spring of Wende 1.

羅弘信，字德孚，魏州貴鄉人。 Luo Hongxin, courtesy name Defu, was a native of Guixiang in Weizhou.

弘信少從戎役，歷事節度使韓簡、樂彥禎。 Hongxin entered military service young and served under the military governors Han Jian and Le Yanzhen.

眾復以為不便，因推弘信為帥。 The troops soon found this arrangement unsatisfactory and acclaimed Hongxin as their commander instead.

先是，有鄰人密謂弘信曰：「某嘗夜遇一白鬚翁，相告雲，君當為土地主。 Earlier a neighbor had told Hongxin in secret, "One night I met a white-bearded old man who said to me, 'Your neighbor shall be lord of this land.

弘信竊異之。 Hongxin had privately wondered at this.

弘信即應之曰：「白鬚翁早以命我。」 Hongxin answered at once, "The white-bearded old man long ago destined me for it."

存信御軍無法，侵魏之芻牧，弘信不平之。 Cunxin disciplined his troops poorly and encroached on Wei's fodder and pastures. Hongxin resented this.

弘信乃托好於汴，出師三萬攻存信，敗之。 Hongxin then feigned friendship with Bian, marched thirty thousand men against Cunxin, and defeated him.

硃全忠方事兗鄆，懼弘信離貳，每歲時賂遺，必卑辭厚禮答貺。 Quanzhong was then occupied with Yan and Yanzhou and feared Hongxin might turn against him. Every year he sent gifts, and Hongxin always replied with humble words and lavish courtesy.

全忠對魏使北面拜而受之，曰：「六兄比予倍年已上，兄弟之國，安得以常鄰遇之。」 Quanzhong would bow northward to Wei's envoy as he received the gifts, saying, "Sixth Elder Brother is more than twice my age. As brother states, how can we treat each other as ordinary neighbors?"

弘信以為厚己，亦推心焉。 Hongxin took this as genuine regard for himself and gave Quanzhong his trust in return.

弘信累官至檢校太師、守侍中、臨清王。 Hongxin rose in due course to Acting Grand Preceptor, Guardian Palace Attendant, and King of Linqing.

弘信卒，襲父位為留後，朝廷從而命之。 When Hongxin died, Wei succeeded him as acting regent, and the court confirmed the appointment.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 7Volume 7 Book of Later Liang 7: Taizu Annals 7 · 1 passage

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《五代會要》，二月，追封故魏博節度使羅宏信為趙王。《Five Dynasties Huiyao》: In the second month the court posthumously enfeoffed the late Weibo commissioner Luo Hongxin as Prince of Zhao.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 1 passage

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全忠方攻時溥，不即至，命王虔裕以精甲數百赴之，假道羅宏信，不許，乃趨間入邢州。 Quanzhong was besieging Shi Pu and could not come immediately; he sent Wang Yuyu with several hundred elite troops by a secret path after Luo Hongxin refused passage, and they slipped into Xingzhou.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 71Volume 71 Book of Later Tang 47: Biographies 23: Ma Yu, Si Kongting, Cao Tingyin, Xiao Xifu, Yao Zongzhi, Jia Fu, Ma Gao, Luo Guan, Chun Yuyan, Zhang Ge, Xu Ji, Zhou Xuanbao · 1 passage

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羅紹威為節度副大使，頲以所業幹之，幕客公乘億為延譽，羅宏信署為府參軍，辟館驛巡官。 He sought patronage from Luo Shaowei, vice commissioner of the circuit; the staff member Gongcheng Yi vouched for him, and Luo Hongxin made him a staff adjutant and post-station inspector.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 44Volume 44 Miscellaneous Biographies 24: Liu Zhijun, Ding Hui, He Delun, Yan Bao, Kang Yanxiao · 1 passage

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大順元年，梁軍擊魏，會及葛從周破黎陽、臨河，遂敗羅弘信於內黃。 Dashun 1: Liang struck Wei. Hui and Ge Congzhou took Liyang and Linhe and at Neihuang beat Luo Hongxin.