Sun Erzhun (孫爾準) | 24 Histories

Overview

Sun Erzhun was a Governor-General and Official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Pingshu	平叔	Píngshū
Posthumous name	Wenjing	文靖	Wénjìng

Life and dates

Death

AD 1832 逾年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 99

Attested activity

AD 1829 九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 97
AD 1787 to AD 1832 列傳一百六十七
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 2
AD 1831 十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 98
AD 1814 嘉慶十九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 62
AD 1805 嘉慶十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 61
AD 1821 to AD 1823 安徽巡撫任內
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 66-69

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AD 1814 to AD 1821 汀州至調閩藩前
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 62, 64-65
AD 1827 to AD 1829 爾準道經莆田
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 94, 96
AD 1823 to AD 1825 福建巡撫任內巡台
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 70-74
AD 1821 to AD 1839 總督孫爾準裁船與薦舉
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 162-163
AD 1832 逾年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 99
AD 1827 道光七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 93
AD 1823 道光三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 70
AD 1825 道光五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 76
AD 1821 道光元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 66
AD 1826 道光六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 185
AD 1825 to AD 1827 閩浙總督台灣匪亂
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 76-78, 80, 84-85, 90, 92

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Yongqing (永清)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 60
Parent of Huiyi (慧翼)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 93
Parent of Sun Huidun (孫慧惇)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 99
Parent of Sun Huiyi (孫慧翼)
son 子
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 99

Key source chapters

Career and standing

prefect of Tingzhou, Fujian 福建汀州知府
AD 1814 嘉慶十九年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 62
Hanlin bachelor 庶吉士
AD 1805 嘉慶十年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 61
governor of Anhui 安徽巡撫
AD 1821 道光元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 66
reviser 編修
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 61
Governor-General 總督
AD 1826 道光六年 · Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 185
governor of Fujian 治閩
Held
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 232

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Governor-General 總督
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 162
salt controller 鹽法道
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 65
surveillance commissioner of Jiangxi 江西按察使
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 65
governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang 閩浙總督
AD 1825 道光五年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 76
financial commissioner of Fujian 福建布政使
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 65
governor of Fujian 福建巡撫
AD 1823 道光三年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 70
financial commissioner of Guangdong 廣東布政使
AD 1821 道光元年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 66
Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子少保
Conferred
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 92
Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent 太子太師
AD 1832 逾年，卒 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 99
Wenjing 文靖
AD 1832 逾年，卒 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 99
Requested
AD 1831 十一年 · Retirement requested · Cause Illness
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 98
Demoted two ranks retained
AD 1829 九年 · Demotion · Cause Failure to detect household servant bribery
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 97

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passages 162, 185; Draft History of Qing 380, passages 60-61, 96-97, 99
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 2
Polity Qing 清朝 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 232
At Jin'gui, Jiangsu 江蘇金匱 · Relation Native of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 60
At Fujian 閩 · Relation Governed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 96
At Fujian 閩 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 232

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At Putian 莆田 · Relation Inspected
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 94

Learning and skills

Earned
AD 1805 嘉慶十年 · Credential Presented Scholar 進士
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 61

Works and attributed material

Argued against banning silver to cash conversion in relief
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 69
Classified Taiwan disturbance as brigandage and affray not rebellion
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 85-88
Proposed northern Taiwan garrison reforms
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 89-91
Requested Gamelan civil administration
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 77
Memorial · Author · Direct quotation · At Taiwan 台灣
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 72-74

Events and relationships

Built shrine
AD 1827 to AD 1829 工蕆 · Ritual · Sponsor · With Qian (錢)
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 95
Came to capital for audience
AD 1827 道光七年 · Political · Official · With Emperor Xuanzong (宣宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 93
Enshrined
AD 1832 逾年，卒 · Ritual · Honoree · At Fujian halls of eminent officials and local worthies 福建名宦及鄉賢祠
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 99
Funded bandit pursuit and punished ringleaders
Legal · Governor · At Yanzhou and Jianning 延、建
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 71
Ordered pursuit of Huang Dounai
Military · Commander · With Huang Dounai (黃斗乃)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 83-84
Ordered suppression of Xing Mingzhang
Military · Commander · With Xing Mingzhang (邢名章) · At Yingzhou 潁州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 67

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Ordered village headmen to arrest remaining rebels by native group
Legal · Governor general
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 81
Proposed cutting ships
AD 1821 to AD 1839 欲裁減師船 · Administrative · Proposer · Outcome Dropped
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 162
Rebuilt Danshui fort and added garrison posts
Administrative · Governor general
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 90-91
Remitted taxes and provided disaster relief
Administrative · Governor
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 68
Restored
AD 1827 to AD 1829 爾準道經莆田 · Infrastructure · Supervisor · At Mulan Barrage 木蘭陂
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 94
Stationed at Xiamen then Zhanghua
Military · Commander · At Xiamen 廈門
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 80
Suppressed Zhanghua disturbance
Military · Commander · At Taiwan 台灣
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 78-80
Toured Taiwan
Inspection · Inspector · At Taiwan 台灣
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 72
Tried Ninghua gathering case punished only ringleaders
Legal · Judge · At Ninghua 寧化
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passages 63-64
Relation Predecessor colleague of · Person Cheng Zuluo (程祖洛) · successive Fujian governors, lenient and severe styles complementary
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 232
Relation Commander of · Person Ma Jisheng (馬濟勝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 80
Relation At odds with · Person Xu Songnian (許松年)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 185
Relation Commander of · Person Xu Songnian (許松年)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 78
Relation Commander of · Person Chen Huacheng (陳化成)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 79
Relation Commander of · Person Tong Shu (佟樞)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 80
Relation Recommender of · Person Chen Buyun (陳步雲)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 350, passage 163
Relation Commander of · Person Huang Qihan (黃其漢)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 83
Relation Superior of · Person Hui Xian (惠顯)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 67
Relation Commander of · Person Shao Yongfu (邵永福)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 78

Assessments and attributes

governed Fujian with distinction; lenient 治閩有聲，寬
Assessment governed Fujian with distinction; lenient style complementary to Cheng Zuluo · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 232
Assessment handling of Taiwan disturbances entirely apt and swiftly concluded · Mode named-person-report Speaker Emperor Xuanzong (宣宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 93
Assessment lenient administration; Fujianese content · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 96

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 380, passage 2

References in the histories

Search passages

History

15 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 350Volume 350 Biographies 137: Li Changgeng Son: Ting Yu, Hu Zhensheng, Wang Delu, Qiu Lianggong, Chen Buyun, Xu Songnian, Huang Biao, Lin Guoliang, Xu Tinggui · 3 passages

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總督孫爾準欲裁減師船，步雲言李提督所造船高大堅緻，其利遠勝同安夾板、快駒諸船、裁之緝匪無具，有事不能制敵，議乃寢。 When Governor-General Sun Erzhun proposed cutting the naval fleet, Buyun argued that the large ships built by Commander Li were tall, sturdy, and far superior to Tong'an double-planked craft and swift cruisers. Without them, he said, the navy would lack the means to hunt pirates and could not overcome the enemy in a crisis. The proposal was abandoned.

爾準薦其才可勝專閫，入覲，宣宗曰：「汝即隨邱、王兩提督攻沉蔡牽之陳步雲耶？」 Erzhun recommended him as fit for high command. At his audience the Daoguang Emperor asked: "Are you Chen Buyun, who fought under Commanders Qiu and Wang to destroy Cai Qian?"

六年，台灣械鬥，松年方閱兵，彈壓解散，總督孫爾準與之不協，尋以治理輕縱，被議褫職，留台效力。 In the sixth year armed factions clashed in Taiwan. Songnian was inspecting troops at the time and suppressed the fighting, but Governor-General Sun Erzhun bore him a grudge. He was soon criticized for lax governance, stripped of his post, and ordered to remain in Taiwan on duty.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 380Volume 380 Biographies 167: Chen Ruolin, Dai Sanxi, Sun Erzhun, Cheng Zuluo, Ma Jisheng, Yu Tai, He Zhangling · 12 passages

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陳若霖戴三錫孫爾準程祖洛馬濟勝裕泰賀長齡 Chen Ruolin, Dai Sanxi, Sun Erzhun, Cheng Zuluo, Ma Jisheng, Yu Tai, and He Zhangling

孫爾準，字平叔，江蘇金匱人，廣西巡撫永清子。 Sun Erzhun, whose style was Pingshu, came from Jin'gui in Jiangsu and was the son of Yongqing, governor of Guangxi.

爾準訊無他狀，論誅首要，鮮所株連。 Erzhun investigated and found no treasonous intent; he punished only the ringleaders, with scarcely anyone else implicated.

河南邪匪邢名章等糾眾竄潁州，檄按察使惠顯率兵馳剿，格殺名章，殲其餘黨。 The heterodox leader Xing Mingzhang of Henan rallied followers and fled into Yingzhou; Erzhun dispatched Surveillance Commissioner Hui Xian with troops in pursuit, killed Mingzhang in battle, and destroyed the remaining band.

先是有言賑務積弊，毋得以銀折錢，爾準疏其弗便，仍循舊章。 Earlier reformers had argued that relief operations were riddled with abuse and that silver payments must not be converted to copper cash; Erzhun memorialized that this would be impracticable and continued under the established rules.

彰化匪徒械鬥焚劫，旁近蜂起，全台震動，檄水師提督許松年剿捕，副將邵永福等趨艋舺，阻其北竄； Ruffians in Zhanghua rioted with arms, burning and looting; neighboring districts erupted and all Taiwan was shaken. Erzhun ordered Naval Commander Xu Songnian to suppress them, while Brigadier Shao Yongfu and others rushed to Mengjia to block their escape north;

爾準親駐廈門，遣副將佟樞等分往彰化、淡水，搜山圍捕，诇知賊黨煽誘日眾，移陸路提督馬濟勝守廈門，自渡海駐彰化督剿，賊首李通遁，捕得伏誅。 Erzhun took personal command at Xiamen and sent Brigadier Tong Shu and others to Zhanghua and Danshui to sweep the hills and encircle the rebels. Learning that agitation was spreading daily, he left Land Forces Commander Ma Jisheng to hold Xiamen, crossed to Zhanghua himself to direct operations, and though the rebel leader Li Tong initially escaped, he was eventually captured and executed.

當亂起時，誘生番出山助鬥，遣參將黃其漢等分路偵擊。 When the uprising broke out they incited raw tribesmen to join the fighting; Erzhun sent Colonel Huang Qihan and others along separate routes to scout and attack.

爾準疏陳匪徒起事，由於造謠焚掠，非叛逆，當以強盜論； Erzhun memorialized that the outbreak arose from rumor-mongering, arson, and looting rather than rebellion, and should be prosecuted as brigandage;

木蘭陂者，創自宋熙寧間，溉民田四十萬畝，築石堤千一百餘丈以御海潮，歲久傾壞，爾準道經莆田，親勘修復。 The Mulan Barrage, first built in the Xining era of the Song, irrigated four hundred thousand mu of farmland behind a stone dike more than eleven hundred zhang long to hold back the tide. After centuries of decay, Erzhun inspected the site in person when passing through Putian and oversaw its restoration.

爾準治閩最久，諳悉其風土人情，吏民皆相習，政從寬大，閩人安之。 Erzhun governed Fujian longer than any other post; he knew its customs and people intimately, officials and commoners alike were accustomed to him, his rule was lenient, and the Fujianese were content.

孫爾準、程祖洛先後治閩有聲，寬嚴殊途，其相濟之道乎？ Sun Erzhun and Cheng Zuluo governed Fujian in turn with distinction; one lenient, one severe—was that how they complemented each other?