Xiang Xun (向訓) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Xiang Xun as a diplomat, general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 15 passages from 7 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Xiang Xun	向訓	Xiang Xun
Surname	Xiang	向	Xiang
Alternate	Xiang Gong	向拱	Xiang Gong
Personal	Xiang Gong	向拱	Xiang Gong
Alternate	Xiang Xun	向訓	Xiang Xun
Changed	Xiang Xun	向訓	Xiang Xun
Personal name	Xiang Xun	向訓	Xiang Xun
Personal	Xiang Xun	向训
Personal name	Xiang Xun	向訓	Xiàng Xùn
Given name	Xun	訓	Xun
Personal name	Xun	訓

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:130:s0040, xinwudaishi:053:s0082
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:012:s0054
Value: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0043

Roles

Diplomat
General
Military Officer
Official
Statesman

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 向訓討之 · Western Year: AD 952
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:053:s0082
Source Date: Text: 周世宗即位，明年 · Western Year: AD 955
Explicit · xinwudaishi:050:s0129
Source Date: Text: 太祖初即位 · Western Year: AD 951
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:050:s0026
Source Date: Text: 显德三年正月 · Western Year: AD 956
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0065
Source Date: Text: 显德二年五月 · Western Year: AD 955
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0054
Source Date: Text: 显德二年闰月 · Western Year: AD 955
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0057
Source Date: Text: 討慕容彥超 · Western Interval: Start: AD 952 · End: AD 953
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:130:s0040
Source Date: Text: 顯德二年 · Western Year: AD 955
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:115:s0069
Source Date: Text: 顯德元年三月 · Western Year: AD 954
Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0043
Source Date: Text: 顯德六年 · Western Year: AD 959
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:120:s0016, jiuwudaishi:120:s0018

Career and standing

Label: Intendant of Henan / 河南尹 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德六年七月 · Western Year: AD 959
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0016
Description: Southern Palace Secretariat commissioner and Zhen'an military commissioner / 宣徽南院使、鎮安軍節度使 · Western Year: AD 955
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:115:s0069, jiuwudaishi:115:s0111

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: captured · Place: Qin Prefecture / 秦州 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德二年闰月 · Western Year: AD 955
Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0057
Description: co-commanded the western expedition and supervised its field army / 率師西征並兼行營都監 · Western Year: AD 955 · Kind: historical-event · Action: co-commanded the western expedition and supervised its field army
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:115:s0069, jiuwudaishi:115:s0111

Source notes

Description: the annotation's Xiang Gong is the same person as Xiang Xun / 注文向拱即向訓 · Western Year: AD 955
Textual variant · jiuwudaishi:115:s0069, jiuwudaishi:115:s0071
From: Xiang Xun / 向訓 · To: Xiang Gong / 向拱 · Reason: avoided Emperor Gong's taboo name
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0018

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 115Volume 115 Book of Later Zhou 17: Shizong Annals 2 · 3 passages

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至是，秦、鳳人戶怨蜀之苛政，相次詣闕，乞舉兵收復舊地，乃詔景與宣徽南院使向訓率師赴焉。 Now the people of Qin and Feng, resenting Shu’s harsh rule, came in succession to court begging for troops to recover their lands; the Emperor ordered Wang Jing and Southern Palace Secretariat commissioner Xiang Xun to lead armies there.

〈（《東都事略·王溥傳》：世宗將討秦、鳳，溥薦向拱，遂平之。 (Dongdu Shilüe, biography of Wang Pu: When Shizong prepared to attack Qin and Feng, Pu recommended Xiang Gong, and the region was pacified.

秋七月丁卯朔，以鳳翔節度使王景兼西南面行營都招討使，以宣徽南院使、鎮安軍節度使向訓兼西南面行營都監。 On the dingmao new moon of the seventh month of autumn, Fengxiang commissioner Wang Jing was named overall pacification commander of the southwestern field army, and Southern Palace Secretariat commissioner Xiang Xun (Zhen'an Army) was named overall supervisor.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 120Volume 120 Book of Later Zhou 22: Emperor Gong Annals · 2 passages

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以襄州節度使、檢校太尉、同平章事向拱為河南尹，充西京留守，加檢校太師、兼侍中； Xiang Gong of Xiangzhou, acting Grand Marshal and grand councilor, became Intendant of Henan and Western Capital regent with acting Grand Preceptor and Palace Attendant;

〈（《通鑒》：向拱即向訓也，避恭帝名改焉。）〉 (Comprehensive Mirror: Xiang Gong was Xiang Xun, renamed to avoid Emperor Gong's taboo.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 130Volume 130 Book of Later Zhou 32: Biographies 10: Wang Jun, Murong Yanchao, Yan Honglu, Cui Zhoudu · 2 passages

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時慕容彥超叛於兗州，已遣侍衛步軍都指揮使曹英、客省使向訓率兵攻之。 Murong Yanchao had rebelled at Yan Prefecture; the court had already sent Palace Guard infantry commander Cao Ying and guest-bureau commissioner Xiang Xun to attack him.

太祖登極之初，務存謙抑，潛龍將佐未甚進用，其後鄭仁誨、李重進、向訓等稍遷要職，峻心忌之，至是求退，蓋偵太祖之意也。 Early in Guo Wei's reign he had kept his former companions in check and advanced them slowly. Later Zheng Renhui, Li Chongjin, Xiang Xun, and others were gradually promoted to high office. Jun resented it. His request to retire was largely a probe of the emperor's mind.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Later Zhou Annals 3: Shizong, Emperor Gong · 3 passages

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夏五月辛未，宣徽南院使向训、凤翔节度使王景伐蜀。 On xinwei in the fifth month Xiang Xun of the Southern Court and Fengxiang commissioner Wang Jing marched against Shu.

闰月癸丑，向训克秦州。 In the intercalary month on guichou Xiang Xun captured Qin Prefecture.

庚子，向训留守东京。 On gengzi Xiang Xun was posted to guard the Eastern Capital.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Miscellaneous Biographies 30: Wang Jun, Wang Yin, Liu Ci, Wang Huan, Zhe Congruan · 3 passages

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鄭仁誨、李重進、向訓等，皆太祖故時偏裨，太祖初即位，謙抑未欲進用，而峻心忌之。 Zheng Renhui, Li Chongjin, and Xiang Xun had been Taizu’s old officers. At first he held them back, and Jun resented them.

周世宗即位，明年，遣王景、向訓攻秦、鳳州，數為環所敗，大臣皆請罷兵。 Shizong took the throne and the next year sent Wang Jing and Xiang Xun against Qin and Feng. Huan beat them again and again, and the ministers all urged withdrawal.

景、訓先知其來，命排陣使張建雄以兵二千當谷口，別遣裨將以勁兵千人出其後，伏堂倉以待其歸。 Jing and Xun learned of the move and sent formation commissioner Zhang Jianxiong with two thousand men to hold the valley mouth, while a deputy with a thousand crack troops circled behind and lay in wait at Tangcang.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 53Volume 53 Miscellaneous Biographies 33: Wang Jinchong, Zhao Suwan, Murong Yanchao · 1 passage

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太祖乃遣侍衛步軍指揮使曹英、客省使向訓討之，彥超閉城自守。 Taizu then sent Palace Guard infantry commander Cao Ying and guest-reception commissioner Xiang Xun against him. Yanchao shut the gates and held out.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 70Volume 70: Hereditary House of Eastern Han · 1 passage

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顯德元年三月親征，甲午，戰於高平，李重進、白重贊將左，樊愛能、何徽將右，向訓、史彥超居中軍，張永德以禁兵衛蹕。 Third month, Xiande 1: he marched in person. On jiawu day the armies met at Gaoping—Li Chongjin and Bai Chongzan on the left, Fan Aineng and He Hui on the right, Xiang Xun and Shi Yanchao in the center, Zhang Yongde shielding the imperial train with the palace guard.