Xu Yanxu (徐延旭) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Xu Yanxu as an administrator, general, and official. This record brings together 24 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Xu Yanxu	徐延旭	Xu Yanxu
Title	Governor Yan Xu	巡撫延旭
Courtesy	Xiaoshan	曉山	Xiaoshan
Surname	Xu	徐	Xu
Personal	Xu Yanxu	徐延旭
Personal	Xu Yanxu	徐延旭	Xu YanXu
Personal	Yan Xu	延旭
Alternate	Yanxu	延旭
Given	Yanxu	延旭	Yanxu

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:437:s0113, qingshigao:463:s0022
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0001, qingshigao:472:s0173

Roles

Administrator
General
Official

Life and dates

Death

Cause: illness · Place: the capital / 都 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0055
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Western Year: AD 1884 · Place: Beijing / 京師
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0177

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:458:s0037, qingshigao:458:s0038, qingshigao:458:s0040, qingshigao:458:s0045, qingshigao:458:s0055
Source Date: Text: 咸豐十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1860
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:458:s0002
Source Date: Text: 光緒三年 · Regnal Year: 3 · Western Year: AD 1877
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:458:s0005
Source Date: Text: 光緒八年 · Regnal Year: 8 · Western Year: AD 1882
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:458:s0006, qingshigao:458:s0007
Source Date: Text: 光緒九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1883
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:458:s0008, qingshigao:458:s0009, qingshigao:458:s0010, qingshigao:458:s0019, qingshigao:458:s0025, qingshigao:458:s0026
Source Date: Text: 同治九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1870
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:458:s0004
Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0175
Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit · qingshigao:463:s0022
Source Date: Text: 徐延旭 · Western Year: AD 1882
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0113

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Xu Fang (徐坊)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Career and standing

Office: Magistrate of Rong County / 容縣知縣 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1860
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0002
Office: Supervisor of Coastal Defense / 督辦海防 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒八年 · Regnal Year: 8 · Western Year: AD 1882 · Privilege: authorized to memorialize directly
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0006
Office: Governor / 巡撫 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1883
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0009
Office: Prefect of Wuzhou / 梧州知府 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1870
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0004
Office: Guangxi Provincial Treasurer / 廣西布政使 · Action: promoted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒八年 · Regnal Year: 8 · Western Year: AD 1882
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0006
Office: Prefect / 知府 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0003
Office: An-Xiang-Jing-Yun Circuit Intendant / 安襄荊鄖道 · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒三年 · Regnal Year: 3 · Western Year: AD 1877
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0005
Action: arrested-and-tried · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0053
Action: dismissed-but-retained · Authority Person Id: Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0046
Action: sentence-commuted · From: decapitation after imprisonment · To: exile in Xinjiang · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0053
Label: arrest, imprisonment, ordered exile to Xinjiang / 逮問，下刑部獄，戍新疆 · Action: suffered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Western Year: AD 1884
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0175, qingshigao:472:s0177
Label: impeached and removed / 被劾得罪去 · Action: suffered
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0121

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0001
Place: Linqing, Shandong / 山東臨清
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0001

Learning and skills

Credential: Presented Scholar (jinshi) / 進士 · Action: earned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1860
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0002

Works and attributed material

Kind: memorial · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884 · Subject: reported subordinates' deception and requested punishment for himself
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0045
Kind: military-report · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884 · Subject: incorrect assurance that Bac Ninh remained secure · Quoted: true
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0038
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1883 · Subject: defensive deployments on the Guangxi and Yunnan frontiers
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0010, qingshigao:458:s0011, qingshigao:458:s0012, qingshigao:458:s0013, qingshigao:458:s0014, qingshigao:458:s0015, qingshigao:458:s0016, qingshigao:458:s0017
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1883 · Subject: Vietnamese peace negotiations and continued military readiness
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0019, qingshigao:458:s0020, qingshigao:458:s0021, qingshigao:458:s0022
Kind: submission · Role: forwarder · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1883 · Subject: Vietnamese accession embassy, treaty articles, and Huang Zuoyan's report
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0023, qingshigao:458:s0024
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒九年至十年之間 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1883 · End: AD 1884 · Subject: six requests for permission to engage the enemy
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0035

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: advanced into Vietnam, based at Lang Son, and ordered attacks toward Hai Duong and Gia Lam · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 其冬（光緒九年） · Western Year: AD 1883 · Other Person Ids: Huang Guilan (黃桂蘭), Zhao Wo (趙沃)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0026, qingshigao:458:s0027, qingshigao:458:s0028
Kind: administrative · Role: administrator · Action: disciplined troops, prohibited abuse of civilians, and punished payroll fraud
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0030, qingshigao:458:s0050
Kind: administrative · Role: participant · Action: earned merit when government forces captured Xunzhou
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0003
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: his army was subordinated to Cen Yuying · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884 · Other Person Id: Cen Yuying (岑毓英)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0040
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: ordered to guard Zhennan Pass and plan its defense · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1883 · Other Person Ids: Huang Guilan (黃桂蘭), Zhao Wo (趙沃)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0008
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: placed Tang Jingsong over the remnants and ordered them to Tunmei · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十年 · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 1884 · Other Person Id: Tang Jingsong (唐景崧)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0048
Relation: recommended-by · Person Id: Zhang Zhidong (張之洞)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0007
Relation: recommended-by · Person Id: Zhang Peilun (張佩綸)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0007
Relation: commander-of · Person Id: Wang Debang (王德榜)
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0025

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: defeated and driven back to Guangxi within ten days of the Franco-Vietnamese conflict · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0177, qingshigao:458:s0178
Assessment: recklessly risked frontier affairs but escaped execution · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:458:s0180, qingshigao:458:s0181, qingshigao:458:s0182

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 437Volume 437 Biographies 224: Rong Lu, Wang Wenshao, Zhang Zhidong, Qu Hongji · 2 passages

Open chapter

因薦唐炯、徐延旭、張曜材任將帥。 He recommended Tang Jiong, Xu Yanxu, and Zhang Yao as capable commanders.

朝旨因就加永福提督、景崧五品卿銜，炯、延旭亦皆已至巡撫，當前敵，被劾得罪去，並坐舉者。 The court then made Liu Yongfu a provincial commander and gave Tang Jingsong fifth-rank noble rank; Tang Jiong and Xu Yanxu, already governors, were impeached after failures at the front and removed, and those who had recommended them were punished too.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 458Volume 458 Biographies 245: Xu Yanxu, Tang Jiong, He Jing, Zhang Zhaodong · 16 passages

Open chapter

徐延旭，字曉山，山東臨清人。 Xu Yanxu, whose courtesy name was Xiaoshan, came from Linqing in Shandong.

延旭上部署防守狀，略云：「固廣西邊疆，必守北寧； Yanxu memorialized the court with a plan for the defense, stating in brief: 'To hold the Guangxi border secure, Bac Ninh must be defended;

延旭奏言：「越人倉卒議和，或謂因故君未葬，冀緩須臾； Yanxu reported: 'The Vietnamese rushed into peace talks. Some said they hoped only to buy time because the late king had not yet been buried;

左宗棠檄前布政使王德榜募勇扼桂邊，朝命受延旭節度。 Zuo Zongtang ordered former Provincial Treasurer Wang Debang to raise troops and hold the Guangxi frontier, and the court placed him under Yanxu's command.

適山西陷，延旭猶慮兵力薄，復遣使入關募勇，通舊五十餘營，厚集於此。 Son Tay had just fallen, and Yanxu still feared his forces were too few. He sent men back through the pass to raise troops and gathered more than fifty former battalions in strength there.

上命延旭罷登壇，或囚而殺之，延旭以力不能制而止。 The throne ordered Yanxu to remove Dengtan, or to imprison and execute him, but Yanxu desisted because he lacked the power to enforce it.

桂蘭復希風指，侈談部下能戰，延旭益信之，遂六上書請戰。 Huang Guilan again tried to read his commander's mind and boasted of his men's fighting power. Yanxu believed him all the more and six times memorialized asking permission to give battle.

李鴻章電奏失守，延旭猶上言：「西聯滇軍，東防江口，北寧斷無他虞。」 Li Hongzhang telegraphed that the position had been lost, yet Yanxu still reported: 'With the Yunnan army on our west and the river mouth guarded on the east, Bac Ninh is surely in no danger.'

會岑毓英抵保勝，部署邊外各軍，遂命延旭軍屬之。 When Cen Yuying reached Baosheng and took charge of the frontier armies, Yanxu's forces were placed under his command.

初，延旭之任西撫也，未及兩月，亦知桂蘭等未可恃。 When Yanxu first took up the governorship of the western provinces, he had known within two months that Huang Guilan and his like were not to be trusted.

延旭上其欺飾狀，並自糾請治罪。 Yanxu reported their deceit and filed a confession of his own, asking to be punished.

延旭以景崧護軍收殘兵，更約束，令駐屯梅。 Yanxu put Jingsong in charge of gathering the shattered troops, restoring discipline, and posting them at Tunmei.

延旭鑑覆轍，嚴禁防軍向越官索夫米，有伐一草一木者斬，越民仍不知感。 Learning from past disasters, Yanxu strictly forbade frontier troops to demand porters and grain from Vietnamese officials and ordered death for anyone who so much as cut grass or wood, yet the Vietnamese still showed no gratitude.

適德榜至，勸延旭勉自支振，圖再舉。 Wang Debang then arrived and urged Yanxu to rally himself and plan a fresh campaign.

延旭未出都，病卒。 Yanxu died of illness before he could leave the capital.

未及旬日，延旭敗退廣西，炯棄關外新安行營。 Within ten days Yanxu had been defeated and driven back to Guangxi, and Jiong had abandoned his headquarters beyond the border at Xin'an.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 463Volume 463 Biographies 250: Tang Jingsong, Liu Yongfu · 2 passages

Open chapter

景崧輕騎入諒山，與徐延旭量戰守。 Jingsong rode lightly into Lang Son to consult Xu Yanxu on how to attack and defend.

回諒，謂延旭曰：「寇深矣！ Back in Lang Son he told Yanxu: "The enemy has penetrated deep!

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 472Volume 472 Biographies 259: Lu Runxiang, Shi Xu, Yi Ketan, Liang Dingfen, Xu Fang, Lao Naixuan, Shen Cengzhi · 4 passages

Open chapter

徐坊，字梧生，山東臨清州人，巡撫延旭子。 Xu Fang, whose courtesy name was Wusheng, came from Linqing prefecture in Shandong; he was the son of Governor Yan Xu.

光緒十年，法陷諒山，延旭逮問，下刑部獄。 In the tenth year of Guangxu, when the French took Langshan, Yan Xu was arrested and questioned and imprisoned in the Ministry of Justice.

坊侍至京師，入則慰母，出則省延旭於獄，橐饘之事，皆自任之，布衣蔬食，言輒流涕。 Fang followed him to the capital; at home he comforted his mother, abroad he visited Yan Xu in prison; he undertook all the work of carrying provisions himself, wore coarse cloth and ate plain food, and wept whenever he spoke.

延旭戍新疆，未出都卒，坊扶柩歸葬，徒行泥淖中，道路嘆為孝子。 Yan Xu was to be exiled to Xinjiang; before leaving the capital he died, and Fang carried the coffin home for burial, walking through mud and mire—travelers on the road marveled at him as a filial son.