Zhang Qianzhao (張虔釗)

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhang Qianzhao as a general, military officer, official, and rebel. This record brings together 21 passages from 5 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhang Qianzhao	張虔釗	Zhang Qianzhao
Given	Qianzhao	虔釗	Qianzhao
Personal name	Zhang Qianjie	張虔釗	Zhang Qianjie
Personal name	Zhang Qianzhao	張虔釗	Zhang Qianzhao
Personal	Zhang Qianzhao	張虔釗

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:040:s0005
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:065:s0120, jiuwudaishi:070:s0034, jiuwudaishi:074:s0105
Value: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:042:s0042

Roles

General
Military Officer
Official
Rebel

Life and dates

Death

Manner: died of grief and anger · Place: Xing Prefecture / 興州
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0135

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: AD 934 · Western Year: AD 934
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:065:s0120
Source Date: Text: 三月八日夜 · Western Year: AD 926
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:070:s0034
Source Date: Text: 天成中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 926 · End: AD 930
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:074:s0113
Source Date: Text: 天成四年二月 · Western Year: AD 929
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:040:s0005
Source Date: Text: 晉開運末 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:074:s0125
Source Date: Text: 武皇、莊宗之世 · Western Interval: Start: AD 895 · End: AD 926
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:074:s0109
Source Date: Text: 長興中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 930 · End: AD 933
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:074:s0118
Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:042:s0042

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Child of Jian (簡)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Career and standing

Label: Fengxiang military commissioner; formerly Xuzhou military commissioner / 鳳翔節度使、前徐州節度使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:042:s0042
Label: Cang prefecture military commissioner / 滄州節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:040:s0005
Label: Honorary Grand Preceptor / 檢校太師 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0124
Label: military governor of Cang / 滄州節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0113
Label: military governor of Shannan West Circuit / 山南西道節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0118

Places and affiliations

Polity: Later Shu / 後蜀 · Relation: submitted-to
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0120
Polity: Later Tang / 後唐 · Relation: served
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0109
Place: Liao Prefecture / 遼州
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0105
Place: Yushe in Liao Prefecture / 遼州榆社 · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Work: Annals of the Nine States / 九國志
Textual variant · jiuwudaishi:074:s0107

Events and relationships

Kind: defection · Role: defector · Action: submitted-to-Shu · Other Person Id: Meng Zhixiang (孟知祥)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0120

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: deserves pity among rebels for fleeing to preserve life · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0153

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 40Volume 40 Book of Later Tang 16: Mingzong Annals 6 · 1 passage

Open chapter

以北面行營兵馬都監、鄭州防禦使張虔釗為滄州節度使； and Zhang Qianzhao, northern campaign army supervisor and defense commissioner of Zhengzhou, became military governor of Cangzhou;

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 42Volume 42 Book of Later Tang 18: Mingzong Annals 8 · 1 passage

Open chapter

己亥，以前徐州節度使張虔釗為鳳翔節度使。 On jihai Zhang Qianzhao of Xuzhou became Fengxiang commissioner.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 65Volume 65 Book of Later Tang 41: Biographies 17: Li Jianji, Shi Junli, Gao Xinggui, Zhang Tingyu, Wang Sitong, Suo Zitong · 2 passages

Open chapter

三月十四日，與張虔釗會於岐下，梯衝大集。 On the fourteenth of the third month he joined Zhang Qianjie below Qi; siege ladders and rams crowded the field.

張虔釗性褊，詰旦，西南用軍，與都監皆血刃以督軍士，軍士齊詬，反攻虔釗，虔釗躍馬避之。 Zhang Qianjie was hot-tempered. At dawn he threw troops at the southwest corner and, with every inspector, drew steel to drive the men forward. The soldiers cursed him in chorus and turned on him; he spurred his horse away.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 70Volume 70 Book of Later Tang 46: Biographies 22: Yuan Xingqin, Xia Luqi, Yao Hong, Li Yan, Li Renju, Kang Sili, Zhang Jingda · 1 passage

Open chapter

明宗密令張虔釗至行欽營，戒之曰：「且堅壁勿動，計會同殺亂軍，莫錯疑誤。」 Mingzong secretly sent Zhang Qianzhao to Xingqin's camp with this warning: "Hold your position and do not move yet. We mean to strike the mutineers together—do not misread this and turn on us."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 74Volume 74 Book of Later Tang 50: Biographies 126: Kang Yanxiao, Zhu Shouyin, Yang Li, Dou Tingwan, Zhang Qianzhao, Yang Yanwen · 16 passages

Open chapter

張虔釗，遼州人也。 Zhang Qianzhao was a native of Liao Prefecture.

〈（《九國志》云：虔釗，遼州榆社人。 (According to the Annals of the Nine States: Qianzhao was from Yushe in Liao Prefecture.

〈（《九國志》：莊宗嘗以偏師取鎮陽，命虔釗率騎為先鋒，屢挫賊銳，遂陷其城。）〉 (According to the Annals of the Nine States: Zhuangzong once took Zhenyang with a detached column and made Qianzhao lead the cavalry vanguard. Qianzhao repeatedly broke the enemy's best troops and finally captured the city.)〉

明宗素聞虔釗有將帥才，及即位，擢為護駕親軍都指揮使，領春州刺史。 Mingzong had long heard of Qianzhao's gifts as a commander. When he took the throne he made Qianzhao chief commander of the imperial guard and prefect of Chun.

〈（《北夢瑣言》：虔釗鎮滄州日，因亢旱民饑，發廩賑之，方上聞，帝甚嘉獎。 (According to Miscellaneous Tales from Northern Dreams: While Qianzhao governed Cang, a severe drought brought famine. He opened the granaries to feed the people. When the report reached court, the emperor praised him warmly.

及末帝起於鳳翔，閔帝詔令虔釗帥部兵會王師於岐下。 When the Last Emperor rose at Fengxiang, Emperor Min ordered Qianzhao to lead his troops and join the imperial army at Qi.

洎西師俱變，虔釗憤惋，退歸興元，因與洋州節度使孫漢韶俱送款於蜀。 When the western armies all turned, Qianzhao withdrew to Xingyuan in anger and grief. He and Sun Hanzhao, military governor of Yang, then both submitted to Shu.

孟知祥待之尤厚，偽授本鎮節度使，俾知祥坐獲山南之地，由虔釗之故也。 Meng Zhixiang treated him with exceptional generosity and invested him as military governor of his former circuit. It was largely through Qianzhao that Zhixiang gained the lands of Shannan without a fight.

孟昶嗣偽位，加檢校太師、兼中書令。 When Meng Chang succeeded to the Shu throne, Qianzhao was made Honorary Grand Preceptor and Concurrent Director of the Secretariat.

晉開運末，蜀人聞契丹入洛，令虔釗率眾數萬，將寇秦、雍。 Late in the Kaiyun era of Jin, when Shu heard that the Khitan had entered Luoyang, Chang ordered Qianzhao to lead tens of thousands against Qin and Yong.

俄聞漢高祖已定中原，虔釗無功而退。 Soon word came that Emperor Gaozu of Han had secured the Central Plains, and Qianzhao withdrew without accomplishing anything.