Overview
Zhang Qiyan was a historian, Official, and Scholar.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Mengchen | 夢臣 | Mengchen |
| Posthumous name | Wenmu | 文穆 | Wenmu |
Life and dates
Birth
- AD 1281 史成，年始六十有五Mother startled by a vanishing long serpent omen under the couchStrongly inferred · History of Yuan 182, passages 7, 44
Death
- AD 1349 後四年卒Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 44, 55
Age
- 65AD 1345 史成，年始六十有五 · Reckoning SuiDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 44
Attested activity
- AD 1281 史成，年始六十有五Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 182, passages 7, 44
- AD 1332 寧宗崩Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 182, passages 26-28
- AD 1295 to AD 1315 年弱冠Strongly inferred · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
- AD 1315 延祐乙卯Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- AD 1349 後四年卒Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 44, 55
- AD 1328 to AD 1332 文宗親郊Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 182, passages 23-24
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- AD 1343 to AD 1345 詔修遼、金、宋三史Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 182, passages 42-44
- AD 1324 to AD 1328 起岩以新除留台Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 182, passages 13-15, 20
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Descendant of Zhang Di (張迪)great-great-grandfather 高祖 · paternal line · 4 generations · Through Zhang Fu (張福), Zhang Duo (張鐸), Zhang Fan (張範)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 4, 6
- Child of Zhang Fan (張範)begot Qiyan 生起岩 · paternal lineDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 6
- Child of Lady Qiu (丘氏)mother 母Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 7
- Sibling of Zhang Rushi (張如石)younger brother 弟 · Full siblings · paternal lineDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 52
- Kinship Role parents · Count 2Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 51
- Kinship Role kinsmen unable to afford burial · Quantity more than twentyDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 53
Origins and identity
- Zhang lineage from Zhangqiu via Yucheng to JinanClan Zhang 張Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 2-4
Career and standing
- private teacher 下帷教授AD 1295 to AD 1315 少處窮約Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 51
- instructor at the Fushan county school 福山縣學教諭AD 1295 to AD 1315 年弱冠Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
- acting county administrator of Fushan 攝縣事AD 1295 to AD 1315 年弱冠 · Acted asDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
- Associate Director of the Classics Mat 同知經筵事AD 1332 to AD 1343 加同知經筵事 · Additional chargeDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 30
- Vice Censor-in-Chief 御史中丞AD 1340 to AD 1345 俄拜御史中丞 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 41
- Attending Censor of the central censorate 中臺侍御史AD 1332 to AD 1343 召入中臺，為侍御史 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 34
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- instructor of the Fushan county school 福山縣學教諭AD 1295 to AD 1315 年弱冠 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
- Associate Administrator of Dengzhou 同知登州事AD 1315 延祐乙卯 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- Right Assistant to the Heir Apparent 太子右贊善AD 1328 to AD 1332 拜太子右贊善 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 21
- Attending Censor of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate 江南行臺侍御史AD 1332 to AD 1343 拜江南行臺侍御史 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 34
- Minister of Rites 禮部尚書AD 1328 to AD 1332 拜禮部尚書 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 22
- Hanlin Academician Expositor-in-Chief, Drafter of Proclamations, concurrent National History compiler, Director of the Classics Mat 翰林學士承旨、知制誥兼修國史、知經筵事AD 1340 to AD 1345 拜翰林學士承旨 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 38
- Chief Commandant of the Prince of Yan's establishment 燕王府司馬AD 1328 to AD 1332 服除，改燕王府司馬 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 22
- Investigating Censor 監察御史AD 1315 to AD 1328 服除 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 12
- Compiler in the Hall of Gathered Talents 集賢修撰AD 1315 特旨 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- Hanlin expositor-in-chief and Chief Compiler 翰林承旨、總裁官AD 1343 to AD 1345 詔修遼、金、宋三史 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 42
- Outer Gentleman of the Right Department of the Central Secretariat 中書右司員外郎AD 1328 to AD 1332 遷中書右司員外郎 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 21
- Hanlin Academician Lecturer, Drafter of Proclamations, concurrent National History compiler 翰林侍講學士、知制誥兼修國史AD 1332 to AD 1343 遷翰林侍講學士、知制誥兼修國史 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 30
- Compiler of the National History Office 國史院編修官AD 1315 to AD 1328 兼國史院編修官 · ConcurrentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- Classics Mat lecturer 經筵官AD 1328 to AD 1332 兼經筵官 · ConcurrentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 21
- Vice Director of the Directorate of Education 國子監丞AD 1315 to AD 1328 升國子監丞 · PromotedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- Vice Censor-in-Chief of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate 江南行台御史中丞AD 1340 to AD 1345 升江南行台御史中丞 · PromotedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 38
- Attending Censor of the Shaanxi Branch Censorate 陝西行臺侍御史AD 1332 to AD 1343 已而擢陝西行臺侍御史 · PromotedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 32
- Director of the Left Department 左司郎中AD 1328 to AD 1332 進左司郎中 · PromotedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 21
- Hanlin Attendant-Drafter 翰林待制AD 1315 to AD 1328 進翰林待制 · PromotedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- Surveillance Commissioner of Western Zhe 浙西廉訪使AD 1332 to AD 1343 御史臺奏除浙西廉訪使，不允 · Recommended but deniedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 31
- Academician Lecturer (retained) 侍講學士AD 1332 to AD 1343 將行，復留為侍講學士 · RetainedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 33
- Grand Master of Rites 大禮使AD 1328 to AD 1332 文宗親郊 · ServedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 23
- transfer to Anqiu 遷安丘AD 1295 to AD 1315 政成，遷安丘 · TransferredDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 10
- Councilor of Central Secretariat Affairs 參議中書省事AD 1328 to AD 1332 轉參議中書省事 · TransferredDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 25
- Erudite of the National University 國子博士AD 1315 to AD 1328 轉國子博士 · TransferredDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- Surveillance Commissioner of Yan South 燕南廉訪使AD 1332 to AD 1343 轉燕南廉訪使 · TransferredDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 35
- Grand Master for Glorious Happiness 榮祿大夫AD 1343 to AD 1345 積階至榮祿大夫 · AttainedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 42
- Wenmu 文穆AD 1349 諡曰文穆 · Posthumous titleDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 45
- generous imperial rewards 賜賚優渥Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 24
- ObservedAD 1315 to AD 1328 丁內艱 · Mourning for motherDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 12
- ObservedAD 1328 to AD 1332 丁外艱 · Mourning for fatherDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 22
- Suffered with colleaguesAD 1324 to AD 1328 猶皆坐罷免還鄉里 · Dismissal and return homeDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 20
Places and affiliations
- Polity Id yuan · Relation ServedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 11, 21, 38
- At Jinan 濟南 · Relation Family settledDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 3-4
- AD 907 to AD 960 五季At Yucheng 禹城 · Relation Ancestral placeDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 3
- AD 1295 to AD 1315 年弱冠At Fushan 福山 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
- AD 1332 to AD 1343 轉燕南廉訪使At Yan South 燕南 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 35
- AD 1295 to AD 1315 遷安丘At Anqiu 安丘 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 10
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- At Zhangqiu 章丘 · Relation Ancestral placeDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 3
Learning and skills
- studied under his father in youthDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
- EarnedAD 1315 延祐乙卯 · Credential jinshi, first in class 進士首選Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 11
- Skill origins of Song Learning of the Way 宋儒道學源委 · Level especially-studiedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 43
- Skill Jin-dynasty institutional lore 金源典故 · Level versedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 43
Works and attributed material
- Veritable Records of three reigns 三朝實錄AD 1332 to AD 1343 修三朝實錄 · Relation CompilerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 30
- Histories of Liao, Jin, and Song 遼、金、宋三史AD 1343 to AD 1345 詔修遼、金、宋三史 · Relation Chief compilerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 42-44
- AD 1324 to AD 1328 抗章論曰Memorial · Author · Addressed to Yuan emperor of the Daula Shah case (陛下) · Direct quotation · Extent Unit Ids s0015, s0016, s0017, s0018 · Mode quoted-document Speaker Zhang Qiyan (張起岩)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 15-18
- begged to retireAD 1345 上疏乞骸骨以歸 · Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 44
- AD 1332 寧宗崩Spoken quotation · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent Unit Ids s0027 · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Zhang Qiyan (張起岩)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 27
- Spoken quotation · Subject of praise · Direct quotation · Speakers the people of Fushan · Mode quoted-speechDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 9
Events and relationships
- Administered the county while the magistrate hunted locustsAD 1295 to AD 1315 年弱冠 · Administrative · Acting magistrate · At Fushan 福山Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
- Annam tribute attendants always asked after his health before delivering the heir's messageDiplomatic · Person inquired after · At Annam 安南Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 50
- Argued in court until the emperor released the case, though censors were still dismissedAD 1324 to AD 1328 起岩廷爭愈急 · Political · Remonstrator · With Yuan emperor of the Daula Shah case (陛下)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 20
- Born after mother saw a long serpent vanish under the couchAD 1281 史成，年始六十有五 · Omen · NewbornStrongly inferred · History of Yuan 182, passages 7, 44
- Buried more than twenty kinsmen who could not afford burial and bought sacrificial fieldsKinship charity · ArrangerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 53
- Corrected unsound wording by history officers on principleAD 1343 to AD 1345 詔修遼、金、宋三史 · Scholarly · ReviserDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 43
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- Discussed conferring a marquisate on the Hutuo river god and sent a written rebukeAD 1332 to AD 1343 滹沱河水為真定害 · Ritual administrative · Official · At Hutuo River 滹沱河Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 37
- Guided the emperor's ascent and descent at the suburban sacrificeDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 23
- In youth lived in poverty, taught behind a lowered curtain, and carried rice a hundred li to support his parentsAD 1295 to AD 1315 少處窮約 · Personal · Teacher and sonDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 51
- Pressed colleagues to execute a false accuser after Ningzong's deathAD 1332 寧宗崩 · Legal · Urged executionDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 26-28
- Prosecuted powerful families without leniency so the poor could breatheAD 1332 to AD 1343 轉燕南廉訪使 · Legal · Surveillance commissioner · At Yan South 燕南Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 36
- Rebuked and dealt with Hutuo flooding at Zhending by repairing dikes and dredgingAD 1332 to AD 1343 滹沱河水為真定害 · Public works · Advocate and administrator · At Zhending 真定Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 37
- Recommended a scholar for appointment and left after the chancellor took offenseAD 1332 to AD 1343 中書方列坐銓選 · Political · RecommenderDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 29
- Refused to have drafting officials declare the censors' impeachment of the right chancellor mistakenDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 39-40
- Remained at the censorate as a new appointee during the Yang Tingyu arrestDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passages 13, 15
- Shared salary and gifts with old friends and guestsPersonal · HostDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 54
- Sometimes flushed face and neck while rebuking a man to his face; the court feared himCourt conduct · RebukerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 48
- Submitted a memorial begging to return home after the histories were finishedAD 1345 上疏乞骸骨以歸 · Retirement · PetitionerDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 44
- Submitted the memorial three times without replyAD 1324 to AD 1328 章三上，不報 · Political · RemonstratorDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 19
- Relation Compared to · Person Ouyang Xiu (歐陽修)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 49
- Relation Elder brother and teacher of · Person Zhang Rushi (張如石)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 52
- Relation Student of · Person Zhang Fan (張範)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 8
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment bearing like a figure in an ancient painting · Mode witness-report Witness attending officialsDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 23
- Assessment filial and friendly by nature · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 51
- Assessment gentleman of generous measure at a glance · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 46
- Assessment greatly praised by Emperor Wenzong · Mode named-person-judgment Source Person Id Emperor Wenzong (文宗)Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 24
- Assessment immovable as Mount Tai once his mind was set in policy · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 47
- Assessment incisive and fearless in discussion, often at odds with superiors · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 41
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- Assessment judgments clear and fair · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 9
- Assessment outwardly mild, inwardly firm, not to be manipulated, like Ouyang Xiu; fame reached the four quarters · Mode witness-report Witness those who knew himDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 49
- Assessment prose deep, pure, elegant, and self-sufficient in reasoning · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 43
- Assessment those who heard were heartened by his refusal · Mode witness-reportDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 40
- face like purple jade, fine beard, square jaw, clear and pleasing brows and eyesPhysical descriptionDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 46
- AD 1349 卒之日Item no surplus grain or household wealth at death 廩無餘粟，家無餘財 · Relation LackedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 55
Source notes
- Value historicalDirectly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 2
- died without surplus grain in the granary or surplus wealth in the householdAD 1349 卒之日Directly stated · History of Yuan 182, passage 55
References in the histories
17 passages
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