Zhou Xing (周興) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhou Xing as a judge and official. This record brings together 7 passages from 3 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhou Xing	周興	Zhou Xing
Personal name	Zhou Xing	周興	Zhou Xing

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jiutangshu:085:s0151, xintangshu:113:s0145
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:142:s0019

Roles

Judge
Official

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: AD 684-691 · Western Interval: Start: AD 684 · End: AD 691
Strongly inferred · xintangshu:113:s0145
Source Date: Text: 唐…周興 · Western Year: AD 690
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:142:s0019
Source Date: Text: 載初元年 · Western Year: AD 690
Explicit event contextual date · jiutangshu:085:s0151

Places and affiliations

Polity: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0019

Events and relationships

Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Lai Junchen (來俊臣)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:142:s0019

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: 深文慘刻 / twisted law into cruel severity · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0019

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 85Volume 81 Biographies 31: Cui Dunli, Lu Chengqin, Liu Xiangdao, Li Jingxuan, Li Yiyan, Sun Chuyue, Le Yanwei, Zhao Renben · 3 passages

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時酷吏周興、來俊臣、丘神勣、王弘義等構陷無辜，皆抵極法，公卿震恐，莫敢正言。 Cruel officials such as Zhou Xing, Lai Junchen, Qiu Shenji, and Wang Hongyi framed the innocent to extreme punishments while the court fell silent.

秋官侍郎周興奏有功曰：“臣聞兩漢故事，附下罔上者腰斬，麵欺者亦斬。 Zhou Xing memorialized against Yougong, saying, "I have heard that in Han precedents, those who fawn on subordinates and deceive superiors are cut at the waist.

周興、來俊臣等性惟殘酷，務在誅夷，不順其情，立加誣害。 Zhou Xing, Lai Junchen, and their ilk were cruel by nature, bent on slaughter, and would fabricate charges without regard to truth.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 142Volume 142 Treatises 117: Penal Law 1 · 1 passage

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治獄者雖不盡仁恕，然如漢、唐之張湯、趙禹、周興、來俊臣輩，深文慘刻，無有也。 Those who ran the prisons were not always humane, yet there were none like Zhang Tang and Zhao Yu of Han or Zhou Xing and Lai Junchen of Tang, who twisted the law into cruel severity.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 113Volume 113 Biographies 38: Tang, Zhang, Xu · 3 passages

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於是周興、來俊臣、丘神勣、王弘義等揣識後指，置總監牧院諸獄，捕將相，俾相鉤逮，掩搦護送，楚掠凝慘。 Zhou Xing, Lai Junchen, Qiu Shenji, Wang Hongyi, and others divined her intent, set up the supervisory prison system, arrested ministers and generals, forced mutual denunciations, and tortured prisoners with savage cruelty.

秋官侍郎周興劾之曰：「漢法，附下罔上者斬，面欺者亦斬。 Autumn Office vice minister Zhou Xing impeached him: "Han law beheads those who mislead superiors and deceive subordinates, and also those who deceive the throne to its face.

有功居革命之際，周興、來俊臣等掩義隱賊，崇飾惡言，以誣盛德，有功守死明道，身濱殆者數矣，此其賢於釋之明甚。」 Yougong lived in an age of revolution, when Zhou Xing, Lai Junchen, and others concealed villains and twisted words to slander the throne. He held to the Way even at the risk of death, several times on the brink of execution. In this he far surpassed Shizhi."