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Overview Names Identity Roles Life and dates Family Places and affiliations References in the histories
Overview The translated histories identify Duanhua as an aristocrat, official, and royal family member. This record brings together 14 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names Type English Chinese Pinyin
Personal
Duanhua
端華
Duānhuá
Personal name
Duanhua
端華
Duānhuá
Personal name
Duanhua
端華
Duanhua
Personal name
Duanhua
端華
Title
Prince Zheng Duanhua
鄭親王端華
Identity
Historicity Historical
Identification Named
Sex Male Roles Aristocrat Official Royal Family Member Life and dates Death Attested activity Source Date: Text: 十一年七月Western Year: AD 1861
Source Date: Text: 咸豐八年Western Year: AD 1858
Source Date: Text: 咸豐十一年Western Year: AD 1861
Source Date: Text: 咸豐十一年Western Year: AD 1861
Source Date: Text: 咸豐間Western Year: AD 1860
References in the histories Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387 Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 9 passages
肅順恃恩眷，其兄鄭親王端華及怡親王載垣相為附和，擠排異己，廷臣咸側目。
Sushun relied on the emperor's favor; his elder brother Prince Zheng Duanhua and Prince Yi Zaiyuan backed one another, squeezed out opponents, and officials in court watched them with unease.
十一年七月，上疾大漸，召肅順及御前大臣載垣、端華、景壽，軍機大臣穆廕、匡源、杜翰、焦祐瀛入見，受顧命，上已不能禦硃筆，諸臣承寫焉。
In the seventh month of 1861 the emperor's illness turned grave. Sushun, the imperial chamberlains Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Jingshou, and the grand councilors Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Du Han, and Jiao Youying were called in to receive his deathbed charge. He could no longer hold the vermilion brush himself, and the ministers wrote at his dictation.
肅順等梗其議，擬旨駁斥，非兩宮意，抑不下，載垣、端華等負氣不視事。
Sushun and his party obstructed the proposal and drafted a rejecting edict that did not reflect the two palaces' intent, yet they still withheld it; Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and others in a fit of pique refused to conduct affairs.
九月，車駕還京，至即宣示肅順、載垣、端華等不法狀，下王大臣議罪。
In the ninth month the court returned to Beijing; on arrival the unlawful conduct of Sushun, Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and the rest was announced and referred to the princes and grand ministers for judgment.
下宗人府獄，見載垣、端華已先在，叱曰：「早從吾言，何至今日？」
Thrown into the Imperial Clan Court prison, he found Zaiyuan and Duanhua already there and shouted at them: "Had you listened to me sooner, how would you have come to this?"
詔謂：「擅政阻皇太后垂簾，三人同罪，而肅順擅坐御位，進內廷出入自由，擅用行宮御用器物，傳收應用物件，抗違不遵，並自請分見兩宮皇太后，詞氣抑揚，意在構釁，其悖逆狂謬，較載垣、端華罪尤重。」
The edict declared: "In usurping power and blocking the empress dowager from ruling behind the curtain the three were alike guilty; yet Sushun had presumptuously sat on the imperial seat, come and gone freely in the inner court, used objects reserved for the traveling palace, collected supplies due the court yet defied orders, and even asked to see the two empress dowagers separately with a tone meant to provoke—his treason and frenzy outweighed even Zaiyuan and Duanhua's crimes."
賜載垣、端華自盡，斬肅順於市。
Zaiyuan and Duanhua were granted suicide; Sushun was beheaded in public.
十月，肅順、載垣、端華等伏法，穆廕與匡源、杜翰、焦祐瀛並罷直軍機，議罪。
In the tenth month, after Sushun, Zaiyuan, and Duanhua were executed, Mu Yin with Kuang Yuan, Du Han, and Jiao Youying were all dismissed from the Grand Council and brought to trial.
初，孚恩以議禮忤載垣、端華、肅順等，及再起，乃暱附諸人冀固位。
Fuen had first clashed with Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Sushun over court ritual; when he returned to office he courted them in hopes of holding his place.
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 389 Volume 389 Biographies 176: Bai Jun, Lin Kui, Rui Chang, Quan Qing · 3 passages
柏葰素持正，自登樞府，與載垣、端華、肅順等不協。
Baizhan had long been known for integrity; once he joined the Grand Council he fell out with Zaiyuan, Duanhua, Sushun, and their faction.
惟載垣、端華、肅順等因律無僅關囑託明文，比賄買關節之例，擬以斬決。
But Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Sushun, finding no statute that covered entreaties alone, applied the precedent for buying examination favor and proposed execution—
和議成，赴行在，籥請回鑾，為載垣、端華、肅順等所阻。
After peace was made he went to the temporary court and urged the emperor's return, but Zaiyuan, Duanhua, and Sushun blocked him.
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 394 Volume 394 Biographies 181: Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, Huang Zonghan · 1 passage
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423 Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 1 passage