Ge Congzhou (葛從周)

Overview

The translated histories identify Ge Congzhou as a family member, general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 57 passages from 7 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Ge Congzhou	葛從周	Ge Congzhou
Given	Congzhou	從周	Congzhou
Surname	Ge	葛	Ge
Personal name	Ge Congzhou	葛從周	Ge Congzhou
Personal	Ge Congzhou	葛從周
Courtesy	Tongmei	通美	Tongmei
Given		從周	Congzhou
Surname		葛	Ge

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiutangshu:181:s0152, jiuwudaishi:016:s0001, jiuwudaishi:020:s0115, jiuwudaishi:020:s0122, xinwudaishi:044:s0037
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0179, xinwudaishi:023:s0104

Roles

Family Member
General
Military Officer
Official
Teacher

Life and dates

Death

Place: home / 家 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 貞明初 · Western Interval: Start: AD 915 · End: AD 916
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0207

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 乾寧中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 894 · End: AD 898
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0152, jiuwudaishi:016:s0179
Source Date: Text: 事雄猜之主 · Western Interval: Start: AD 883 · End: AD 912
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:016:s0196
Source Date: Text: 光化三年 · Western Year: AD 900
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:020:s0122
Source Date: Text: 光化元年四月 · Western Year: AD 898
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:016:s0044
Source Date: Text: 光啟中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 885 · End: AD 888
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:020:s0115
Source Date: Text: 光啟四年 · Western Year: AD 888
Explicit · xinwudaishi:044:s0037
Source Date: Text: 唐中和四年三月 · Western Year: AD 884
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:016:s0004
Source Date: Text: 大順 · Western Year: AD 890
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:050:s0074
Source Date: Text: 大順元年八月 · Western Year: AD 890
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:016:s0027
Source Date: Text: 天復元年三月 · Western Year: AD 901
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:016:s0200
Source Date: Text: 幼事葛從周（及壯事梁太祖之前） · Western Interval: Start: AD 900 · End: AD 907
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:023:s0104, xinwudaishi:023:s0105
Source Date: Text: 葛從周 · Western Year: AD 894
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0144
Source Date: Text: 貞明初 · Western Interval: Start: AD 915 · End: AD 916
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:016:s0207

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Descendant of Ge Yuxian (葛遇賢)
Kinship Term: grandfather / 祖 · Generation Distance: 2 · Line: paternal · Parentage: biological
Descendant of Ge Ruan (葛阮)
Kinship Term: great-grandfather / 曾祖 · Generation Distance: 3 · Line: paternal · Parentage: biological
Parent of Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章)
Kinship Term: adoptive father / 養父 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: raised as a son / 養以為子 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: adoptive father · Object Role: adoptive son
Child of Ge Jian (葛簡)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Line: paternal

Career and standing

Label: Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent / 太子太師 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0205
Label: honorary Grand Guardian / 檢校太保 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0063
Label: honorary Grand Tutor / 檢校太傅 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0202
Label: honorary Minister of Punishments / 檢校刑部尚書 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0024
Label: honorary Minister of Works / 檢校工部尚書 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0023
Label: Left Golden Crow upper general / 左金吾上將軍 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0203
Label: Yanzhou acting commissioner / 兗州留後 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0042
Label: Yanzhou military commissioner / 兗州節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0063
Label: Huai prefecture military commissioner / 懷州刺史 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0037
Title: Prince of Chenliu commandery / 陳留郡王 · Fief Households: 7000 · Action: enfeoffed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0206
Label: posthumous Grand Marshal / 太尉 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0208
Title: Prince of Chenliu / 陳留郡王 · Action: enfeoffed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0206
Status: retired · Action: entered · Label: Right Guard upper general retired / 右衛上將軍致仕
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0203

Places and affiliations

Label: Later Liang / 後梁 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:016:s0196
Label: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0152
Polity: Later Liang / 梁 · Relation: associated
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:023:s0104, xinwudaishi:023:s0105
Polity Name: Later Liang / 梁 · Relation: served
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0206
Place: Juancheng, Puzhou / 濮州鄄城
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0001
Place: Boyi township villa, Yanshi / 偃師縣亳邑鄉之別墅 · Relation: resided-at
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0204

Works and attributed material

Kind: historian-appraisal · Role: subject · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0196
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Text: 兵在機，機在上將，非督護所言也。
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0059

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: reliever · Action: aided · Other Person Id: Luo Hongxin (羅弘信)
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0152
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: captured · Other Person Id: Li Luoluo (李落落) · Place: Huan River / 洹水 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾寧三年五月 · Western Year: AD 896
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0038
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated-Yan-army
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0172
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Liu Rengong (劉仁恭)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0052, jiuwudaishi:016:s0061
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: met-Jin-troops · Place: Huan River / 洹水 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾寧中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 894 · End: AD 898
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0179
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: relieved · Other Person Id: Feng Ba (馮霸)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:050:s0074
Kind: military · Role: bodyguard · Action: saved · Other Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0006
Kind: military · Role: surrendered · Action: surrendered-to · Other Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠) · Place: Wangman Ford / 王滿渡 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 唐中和四年三月 · Western Year: AD 884
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0004
Kind: military-training · Role: teacher · Action: taught-formations-with-coins · Other Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0104
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0104
Relation: served · Person Id: Taizu (太祖)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0196

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: worthy; took fame on horseback and died peacefully at home despite serving a suspicious lord · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0196
Kind: illness · Statement: long illness / wind ailment preventing court
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:016:s0201, jiuwudaishi:016:s0203

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 181Volume 177 Biographies 127: Cui Shenyou, Cui Gong, Lu Jun, Pei Xiu, Yang Shou, Wei Baoheng, Lu Yan, Xiao Houzi, Liu Zhan, Liu Zhuan, Cao Que, Bi Xian, Du Shenquan, Liu Ye, Dou Luzhan · 4 passages

Open chapter

汴將葛從周援之，屯於洹水。 Ge Congzhou of Bian came to his relief and encamped on the Huan River.

李克用子落落時爲鐵林軍使，爲從周所擒，乃退歸。 Li Keyong's son Luoluo, then commander of the Iron Forest Army, was captured by Congzhou, and Taiyuan withdrew.

葛從周自邢、洺引軍入魏。 Ge Congzhou marched in from Xing and Ming.

從周出會掩擊，覆敗燕軍，斬首三萬。 Congzhou came out to strike in concert, crushed the Yan army, and took thirty thousand heads.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 185Volume 181 Biographies 131: Shi Xiancheng, Zi Xiaozhang, He Jintao, Han Yunzhong, Li Yanzhen, Luo Hongxin · 4 passages

Open chapter

汴將葛從周援之，屯於洹水。 Ge Congzhou of Bian came to his aid and encamped on the Huan River.

李克用子落落時為鐵林軍使，為從周所擒，乃退歸。 Li Keyong's son Luoluo, then commander of the Iron Forest Army, was captured by Congzhou, and the Taiyuan army withdrew.

葛從周自邢、洺引軍入魏。 Ge Congzhou marched from Xing and Ming into Wei.

從周出會掩擊，覆敗燕軍，斬首三萬。 Congzhou came out to join the attack from ambush, crushed the Yan army, and took thirty thousand heads.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 16Volume 16 Book of Later Liang 16: Biographies 6: Ge Congzhou, Xie Yanzhang, He Zhen, Zhang Guiba, Zhang Guihou, Zhang Guibian · 43 passages

Open chapter

葛從周，字通美，濮州鄄城人也。 Ge Congzhou, styled Tongmei, came from Juancheng in Puzhou.

從周少豁達，有智略，初入黃巢軍，漸至軍校。 Open and shrewd in youth, he joined Huang Chao and rose to guard officer.

唐中和四年三月，太祖大破巢軍於王滿渡，從周與霍存、張歸霸昆弟相率來降。 Tang Zhonghe 4, month 3, after the Founder crushed Chao at Wangman Ford, Congzhou surrendered with Huo Cun and the Zhang brothers.

太祖臨陣馬踣，賊眾來追甚急，從周扶太祖上馬，與賊軍格鬥，傷面，矢中於肱，身被數槍，奮命以衛太祖。 When the Founder's horse fell under pursuit, Congzhou mounted him, fought on wounded by face, arm, and spears, and saved his life.

賴張延壽回馬轉鬥，從周與太祖俱免，退軍溵水。 Zhang Yanshou's countercharge let Congzhou and the Founder escape to Yin River.

諸將並削職，惟擢從周、延壽為大校。 Other generals were demoted; only Congzhou and Yanshou were promoted.

太祖遣郭言募兵於陝州，有黃花子賊據於溫穀，從周擊破之。 He broke the Yellow Flower bandits at Wengu while Guo Yan recruited at Shan.

時兗州齊克護軍於任城，從周敗之，擒其將呂全真。 He defeated Qi Kehu at Rencheng and captured Lü Quanzhen.

會青州以步騎萬餘人列三寨於金嶺，以厄要害，從周與朱珍大殲其眾，擄其將楊昭範五人而還。 He and Zhu Zhen annihilated Qing troops at Jin Ridge and captured Yang Zhaofan and five generals.

李罕之引並人圍張全義於河陽，從周與丁會、張存敬、牛存節率兵赴援，大破並軍，殺蕃漢二萬人，解河陽之圍，以功表授檢校工部尚書。 He relieved Heyang from Li Hanzhi's Jin siege, killed twenty thousand, and became honorary Minister of Works.

大順元年八月，並帥圍潞州，太祖遣從周率敢死之士，夜銜枚犯圍而入，會王師不利於馬牢川，即棄上黨而歸。 Dashun 1, month 8, he slipped into besieged Lu; after defeat at Malaichuan the army abandoned Shangdang.

十月，佐丁會攻宿州，從周壅水灌其城，刺史張筠以郡降。 Month 10 he flooded Suzhou and Zhang Yun surrendered.

乾寧元年三月，軍至新泰縣，朱瑾令都將張約、李胡椒率三千人來拒戰，師古遣從周、張存敬掩襲，生擒張約、李胡椒等都將數十人。 Qianning 1, month 3, he ambushed and captured Zhang Yue, Li Hujiao, and dozens of Yan officers at Xintai.

二年十月，圍兗州，兗人不出，從周詐揚言並人、鄆人來救，即引軍趨高吳，夜半卻潛歸寨。 Besieging Yan he feigned a Jin-Yan relief march, then doubled back at night.

朱瑾果出兵攻外壕，我軍士突出，掩殺千餘人，生擒都將張漢筠。 Jin sallied; Congzhou ambushed and killed a thousand and captured Zhang Hanyun.

從周累立戰功，自懷州刺史曆曹、宿二州刺史，累遷檢校左僕射。 He rose from Huai to Cao and Su commissioner to honorary Left Vice Director.

三年五月，並帥以大軍侵魏，遣其子落落率二千騎屯洹水，從周以馬步二千人擊之，殺戮殆盡，擒落落於陣，並帥號泣而去。 Month 5, year 3, he destroyed Luoluo's two thousand cavalry at Huan River and captured Keyong's son.

從周乘勝伐兗，會朱瑾出師在徐境，其將康懷英以城降。 Pressing Yan he took it when Kang Huaiying surrendered while Jin was away.

光化元年四月，率師經略山東，時並帥以大軍屯邢、洺，從周至钜鹿與並軍遇，大破之，並帥遁走。 Guanghua 1, month 4, he routed the Jin army at Julu in Shandong.

我軍追襲至青山口，數日之內，邢、洺、磁三州連下，斬首二萬級，獲將吏一百五十人，即以從周兼領邢州留後。 He pursued to Qingshan and took Xing, Ming, and Ci with twenty thousand heads.

晉將李嗣昭急攻邢州，陣於城門外，從周大破之，擒蕃將賁金鐵、慕容騰百餘人。 He crushed Li Sizhao at Xingzhou and captured a hundred Jin officers.

從周自邢台馳入魏州，燕軍突上水關，攻館陶門。 He galloped from Xingtai as Yan stormed Guantao Gate.

從周與賀德倫率五百騎出戰，謂門者曰：「前有敵，不可返顧！」 With He Delun he charged out, telling the gatekeepers, "Enemies ahead—do not turn back!"

從周等極力死戰，大敗燕人，擒都將薛突厥、王郃郎等。 They fought to the death and captured Xue Tujue and Wang Helang.

翌日，破其八寨，追擊至臨清，劉仁恭走滄州，從周授宣義軍行軍司馬。 Next day he broke eight camps, pursued to Linqing, and Rengong fled to Cang.

五月，並人討李罕之於潞州，太祖以丁會代罕之，令從周馳入上黨。 Month 5 he galloped into Shangdang as Jin attacked Lu.

七月，並人陷澤州，太祖召從周，令賀德倫守潞州，德倫等尋棄城而歸。 Month 7 Ze fell; He Delun abandoned Lu despite orders.

從周對曰：「兵在機，機在上將，非督護所言也。」 Congzhou replied, "War lies in opportunity; opportunity lies in the chief general—not what the overseer says."

從周逆戰於乾寧軍老鴉堤，大破燕軍，斬首三萬，獲將佐馬慎交已下百餘人，奪馬三千匹。 At Old Crow Embankment he killed thirty thousand Yan troops and took three thousand horses.

從周追襲至青山口，斬首五千級，獲其將王郃郎、楊師悅等，得馬千匹，表授檢校太保，兼徐州兩使留後，尋為兗州節度使。 Pursuing to Qingshan he took five thousand heads and became Yan commissioner and honorary Grand Guardian.

天復元年三月，與氏叔琮討太原，從周以兗、鄆之眾，自土門路入，與諸軍會於晉陽城下，以糧運不給，班師。 Tianfu 1, month 3, with Shi Shuzong he marched on Taiyuan; Congzhou led the Yan and Yun forces in by the Tumen route, joined the armies below Jinyang, and withdrew when supplies failed.

頃之，從周染疾，會青州將劉鄩陷兗州，太祖命討之，遂力疾臨戎。 Soon after he fell ill; when Liu Xun of Qingzhou took Yanzhou, the Founder ordered him to attack and he took the field despite illness.

三年十一月，鄩舉城降，以功授檢校太傅。 Month 11, Tianfu 3, Xun surrendered the city and Congzhou was made honorary Grand Tutor for the merit.

太祖以從周抱疾既久，命康懷英代之，授左金吾上將軍，以風恙不任朝謁，改右衛上將軍致仕。 The Founder, since Congzhou's illness had long lingered, had Kang Huaiying replace him and made Congzhou Left Golden Crow general; wind ailment kept him from court, so he was changed to Right Guard general and retired.

末帝即位，製授潞州節度使，令坐食其俸，加開府儀同三司、檢校太師、兼侍中，封陳留郡王，累食邑至七千戶，命近臣賚旌節就別墅以賜之。 When the Last Emperor came to the throne, an edict made him Lu commissioner with seated salary, added the Golden Pocket and Honored Equal to the Three Dukes, honorary Grand Preceptor, and Palace Secretary, enfeoffed him as Prince of Chenliu with a fief reaching seven thousand households, and sent a close official with banners and credentials to his villa.

幼事從周為養父，從周憐其敏慧，教以兵法，常以千錢於大盤中，布其行陣偏伍之狀，示以出沒進退之節，彥章盡得其訣。 Adopted by Congzhou, he learned warfare on a tray of coins modeling formations.

及從周卒，臨喪行服，躬預葬事，時人義之。 He mourned Congzhou in full filial rites and was praised.

時太祖在汴，奉詔南討，巢黨日窘，歸霸昆仲與葛從周、李讜等相率來降，尋補宣武軍劇職。 At Bian Guiba and his brothers surrendered with Congzhou and Li Rang and joined the Xuanyi army.

又佐葛從周與晉軍戰於洹水，生獲克用愛子落落。 At Huan River he helped capture Keyong's son Luoluo.

及葛從周復洺，嗣昭北遁，歸霸出兵襲之，殺二萬餘眾。 When Congzhou retook Ming, Guiba ambushed Sizhao and killed twenty thousand.

明年，與葛從周禦晉軍於洹水，殊績尤著。 Next year at Huan River his merit was outstanding.

乾寧中，以偏師佐葛從周禦並軍於洹水。 Qianning he aided Congzhou at Huan River.

史臣曰：從周以驍武之才，事雄猜之主，而能取功名於馬上，啟手足於牖下，靜而言之，斯為賢矣！ The historian praises Congzhou for serving a suspicious lord yet dying in honor.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 2 passages

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光啟中，李罕之會晉軍圍張宗奭於盟津，太祖遣丁會、葛從周、存敬同往馳救。 In Guangqi, Li Hanzhi and the Jin besieged Zhang Zongshi at Mengjin; the Founder sent Ding Hui, Ge Congzhou, and Cunjin to relieve him.

三年，大舉，與葛從周連統諸軍攻浮陽，樹數十柵，圍劉守文累月。 In year 3 he joined Ge Congzhou in a major siege of Fuyang, building dozens of camps around Liu Shouwen for months.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Book of Later Tang 26: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 1 passage

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武皇令康君立討之，汴將葛從周來援霸。 Li Keyong ordered Kang Junli to suppress him. The Liang general Ge Congzhou marched to Feng Ba's relief.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 1 passage

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幼事葛從周，從周憐其敏惠，養以為子，授之兵法，從周以千錢置大盤中，為行陣偏伍之狀，示以出入進退之節，彥章盡得之。 As a boy he served Ge Congzhou. Congzhou, taken with his quick wit, raised him as a son and taught him war. He would pour a thousand coins into a broad dish, set them out like columns and squads on the march, and drill the boy in when to advance, halt, and fall back—Yanzhang learned every lesson.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 44Volume 44 Miscellaneous Biographies 24: Liu Zhijun, Ding Hui, He Delun, Yan Bao, Kang Yanxiao · 2 passages

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是時，梁軍在魏，乃遣會及葛從周等將萬人救之。 The Liang host was at Wei; they sent Hui with Ge Congzhou and ten thousand men to relieve it.

大順元年，梁軍擊魏，會及葛從周破黎陽、臨河，遂敗羅弘信於內黃。 Dashun 1: Liang struck Wei. Hui and Ge Congzhou took Liyang and Linhe and at Neihuang beat Luo Hongxin.