Overview
Helian Bobo was a Xia Founder (Sixteen Kingdoms).
IdentityHistorical · Male
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Qujie | 屈孑 | Qūjié |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 425 宋元嘉二年Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 287
Attested activity
- AD 425 宋元嘉二年Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 287
- AD 416 to AD 417 campaigns against Yao Hong preceding Liu Yu's capture of Chang'anDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 134
- AD 402 undated Wei–Qin campaign culminating at Chaibi / FenDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 140
- AD 416 主上初立Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 119, passage 38
- AD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passages 219, 227, 229, 246, 259
- AD 417 俄而劉裕滅泓,入于長安Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 150
Show 18 more source-backed claims
- AD 411 其年Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 86
- AD 413 其年Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 117
- AD 407 to AD 410 勃勃大破秦軍Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passages 202, 212
- AD 413 to AD 425 在位十三年Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 282-285, 287
- AD 407 to AD 425 夏主勃勃Strongly inferred · Book of Northern Qi 40, passage 58
- AD 416 to AD 417 姚泓之世Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 119, passage 66
- AD 407 to AD 425 屬赫連勃勃Directly stated · History of Liao 41, passage 302
- AD 391 後魏師伐之Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 8, 10
- AD 407 to AD 425 授朔方於赫連Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 119, passage 263
- AD 413 改元為鳳翔Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 97
- AD 409 秦雖與勃勃相持,不足為患。Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passage 193
- AD 407 義熙三年Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 30
- AD 418 義真東還、勃勃入長安Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 174
- AD 413 to AD 438 自勃勃至定,凡二十有六載Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 290
- AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 17, 19
- AD 407 赫連勃勃據朔方稱大夏Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 101, passage 45
- AD 407 to AD 425 赫連夏築城Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 132
- AD 415 遣其御史中丞烏洛孤盟于沮渠蒙遜Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 125
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Kin of Ti (提)Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 79
- Descendant of Qubei (去卑)ancestor 之後Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 2
- Descendant of August ancestor of Helian Bobo (皇祖)august ancestor 皇祖 · Claimed parentageDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 117
- Ancestor of Helian Ziyue (赫連子悅)descendant 之後Directly stated · Book of Northern Qi 40, passage 58
- Descendant of Yu the Great (大禹)descendant 後 · Claimed parentage · paternal lineDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 89, 93
- Descendant of Chunwei (淳維)distant descendant 遠裔Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 298
- Sibling of Elder Brother of Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃兄)elder brother 兄 · Uncertain siblings · paternal lineStrongly inferred · Book of Jin 119, passage 79
- Sibling of Youdidai (右地代)eldest brother 長兄 · Full siblingsDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 32
- Child of Wei Chen (衛辰)father 父 · paternal lineDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 6
- Child of Weichen (衛辰)father 父 · paternal lineDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 283
- Spouse of Daughter of Moyiyu (沒奕于之女)gave in marriage 妻 · MarriageDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 17
- Descendant of Xun'er (訓兒)high ancestor 高祖 · paternal lineDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 283
- Child of Empress Huanwen (桓文皇后)mother 母 · maternal lineDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 283
- Sibling of Lishiti (力俟提)second brother 次兄 · Full siblingsDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 32
- Parent of Helian Man (赫連滿)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Parent of Helian Gui (璝)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 164
- Parent of Helian Gui (赫連璝)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Parent of Helian Ding (赫連定)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Parent of Chang (昌)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 288
- Parent of Helian Yan (赫連延)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Parent of Helian Chang (赫連昌)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Parent of Helian An (赫連安)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Parent of Helian Chang (赫連昌)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 137
- Parent of Helian Lun (赫連倫)son 子Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Parent of Ding (定)son 子Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 130, passages 288-289
- Spouse of Lady Liang (梁氏)wife 妻 · Primary marriageDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Sibling of Aliluoyin (阿利羅引)younger brother 弟 · Full siblingsDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 32
- Kinship Role sons · Count 7Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 123
- Kinship Role clan descendants · Quantity unspecifiedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 122
- Kinship Role forefathers and fathers · Quantity unspecified · Kinship Term Forefathers and fathers 惟祖惟父Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 256
- Kinship Role heirs · Quantity unspecifiedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 297
Key source chapters
- Book of Jin, Chapter 130 Volume 130 Records 30: Helian Bobo 43 passages
- Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 40 Volume 40 Biographies 32: Yu Jin (Northern Qi); Feng Zicong; Helian Ziyue; Tang Yong; Bai Jian 1 passage
- Book of Jin, Chapter 119 Volume 119 Records 19: Yao Hong 10 passages
- Book of Jin, Chapter 128 Volume 128 Records 28: Murong Chao 4 passages
- Book of Jin, Chapter 101 Volume 101 Records 1: Liu Yuanhai and Liu Xuan 1 passage
Origins and identity
- Xiongnu 匈奴Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 2, 31
- Ethnicity Tiefu Xiongnu / barbarian breed 犬熏醜種類Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 292
- claimed descent from Yu the Great; house long in You and ShuofangClaimed Ancestor Person Id Yu the Great (大禹)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 89
- same clan as Liu Yuanhai 劉元海之族也Person Liu Yuanhai (劉元海)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 2
- descendant of the Xiongnu Right Worthy King Qubei 匈奴右賢王去卑之後Person Qubei (去卑)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 2
- claimed descent from the Xiongnu and the house of Xia 自以匈奴夏後氏之苗裔也Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 31
Career and standing
- ruler 在位Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 287
- Bearer of the Staff 持節AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 28
- Chariot Commandant 奉車都尉AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 19
- General of Valiant Cavalry 驍騎將軍AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 19
- General Who Pacifies the Distant 安遠將軍AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · Appointed · Negated trueDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 23, 27
- General Who Pacifies the North 安北將軍AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 28
Show 6 more source-backed claims
- Duke of Wuyuan 五原公AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 28
- Marquis of Yangchuan 陽川侯AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · Enfeoffed · Negated trueDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 23, 27
- EnteredAD 391 後魏師伐之 · FugitiveDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 10
- our emperor 我皇Emperor · HeldDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 219, 259
- HeldUsurping rulerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 288
- DeclaredAD 407 義熙三年 · Titles Heavenly King 天王, Grand Chanyu 大單于Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 30
Places and affiliations
- AD 420 宋受禪Polity Id liu-song · Relation Contemporary ofDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 287
- AD 407 義熙三年Polity Great Xia 大夏 · Relation FoundedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 31
- AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 19, 28
- Polity Great Xia 大夏 · Relation FoundedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 101, passage 45
- Polity Helian Xia 夏 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 287-288
- Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation ServedDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 140
Show 19 more source-backed claims
- Polity Xia 夏 · Relation Ruled
- Polity Xia 大夏 · Relation RuledDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 97-98, 121
- AD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽At the capital city 都城 · Relation FoundedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 229, 264
- AD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽At Yong'an 永安 · Relation Built nearDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 234
- AD 413 改元為鳳翔At Tongwan 統萬 · Relation Founded capitalDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 97-98
- AD 418 義真東還、勃勃入長安At Chang'an 長安 · Relation EnteredDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 174
- AD 418 義真東還、勃勃入長安At Xianyang 咸陽 · Relation HeldDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 172
- AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之At Shuofang 朔方 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 28
- At border territories 邊宇 · Relation ResidedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 292
- At lands north of the mountains 嶺北之地 · Relation PossessedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 149
- At Mei 郿城 · Relation Encamped atDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 141
- At Qinzhou 秦州 · Relation Fled toDirectly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 140
- At Shuofang 朔方 · Relation HeldDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 292
- At Shuofang 朔方 · Relation OccupiedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 101, passage 45
- At Tongwan 統萬 · Relation Returned toDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 154
- At Xingcheng 杏城 · Relation Withdrew toDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 143
- At Yin Mountains 陰山 · Relation Associated origin · Uncertain trueUncertain · Book of Jin 130, passage 295
- At Yong 雍 · Relation OccupiedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 71
- At You and Shuofang 幽、朔 · Relation Ancestral lands · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 89
Works and attributed material
- Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Wang Maide (王買德) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 155
- Letter · Ostensible author · With Liu Yu (劉裕) · Composed By Person Id Huangfu Hui (皇甫徽)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 151
- AD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽Inscription · Commissioner · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 247-278
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent s0143, s0144, s0145, s0146, s0147Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 143-147
- Diplomatic letter · Author · With Juqu Mengxun (沮渠蒙遜) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 125-132
- Edict · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 117-122
Show 4 more source-backed claims
- Eulogy · Subject · Direct quotation · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 298-301
- Historian comment · Subject · Direct quotation · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 292-297
- Speech · Speaker · With Wang Maide (王買德) · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 89-93, 115-116
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 98
Events and relationships
- Accepted surrender of Dang ZhilongDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 87
- Adopted strategyDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 164
- Amnestied his territory and changed era name to FengxiangAD 413 改元為鳳翔 · Ritual · RulerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 97
- Answered heaven and harmonized with the ageAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Political · RulerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 219
- AppointedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 137
- Assigned householdsAD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · Military · Commander · Quantity more than twenty thousand households 二萬餘落Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 28
Show 59 more source-backed claims
- Attacked Anding and defeated Yang FusongAD 411 其年 · Military · Commander · With Yang Fusong (楊佛嵩) · At north plain of Qing Shi 青石北原 · Outcome Accepted surrender of 45,000 men and 20,000 horsesDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 86
- AttackedAD 416 to AD 417 campaigns against Yao Hong preceding Liu Yu's capture of Chang'an · Military · Commander · At Yinmi 陰密Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 136
- AttackedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 140
- Built Chongming palace on heaven patternAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Construction · Patron · At Chongming 崇明Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 271
- Built palaces in place of felt tentsArchitectural · BuilderDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 293, 300
- Buried alive over 5000 troopsMilitary · Commander · At Yinmi 陰密Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 66
- Captured and razedAD 416 to AD 417 campaigns against Yao Hong preceding Liu Yu's capture of Chang'an · Military · Commander · At Shanggui 上邽 · Duration twenty days 二旬Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 135
- Crushed Qin armyAD 407 to AD 410 勃勃大破秦軍 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Book of Jin 128, passages 202, 212
- Cut supply roadsMilitary · Commander · At Chang'an 長安Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 172
- Debated attacking Qifu ChipanDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 111
- Defeated at Ma'an SlopeDirectly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 74
- Described as strong and certain to invade deeplyMilitary · Threatening neighborDirectly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 38
- DetainedDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passages 29-30
- Dictated memorized reply before envoyDiplomatic · HostDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 151
- Dragon rose in the northern capitalAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Political · Ruler · At northern capital 北京Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 220
- Entered capitalMilitary · Recipient of welcome · At Chang'an 長安Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 174
- False Qin lost heart at Guan and LongAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Military · Victor · Other False Qin 偽秦 · At Guan and Long 關、隴Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 224
- Fled withDirectly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 140
- FledAD 391 後魏師伐之 · Flight · Fugitive · At Chigan tribe 叱幹部Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 10
- Followed with main armyAD 418 義真東還、勃勃入長安 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 164
- Held dawn to dusk court and commanded generalsAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Political · RulerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 222
- Howled with desert groups and raidedMilitary · Raider · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 299
- Invaded YongMilitary · Commander · At Yong 雍Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passages 68, 71
- Killed and absorbed forcesDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passages 29-30
- Killed in angerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 67
- KilledMilitary · Killer · With Yao Pingdu (姚平都) · At Shanggui 上邽 · Casualties five thousand officers and soldiers 將士五千人Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 135
- KilledDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 136
- Laid out ritual precincts and palace complexes surpassing Xianyang and Zhou LuoAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Construction · Patron · At Xianyang 咸陽Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 232
- Locked with Later QinDirectly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 193
- Looked to King Wen of Zhou as founding modelDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 228
- Mutilated and executed ministersLegal · PerpetratorDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 285, 296
- Named capital gatesAdministrative · Namer · At south Attending Song, east Summoning Wei, west Serving Liang, north Pacifying Shuo 朝宋門、招魏門、服涼門、平朔門Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 282
- Ordered to aid garrisonAD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · Military · Intended aide · With Moyiyu (沒奕于) · At Gaoping 高平 · Negated trueDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 23, 27
- Participated in great state councilsAD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · Court · CouncillorDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 19
- Personally killed those he resentedPersonal · Perpetrator · At city wall 城上Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 285
- Personally led the six armies and conquered without battleAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 223
- PlunderedMilitary · Raider · At Mei 郿城Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 71
- Posthumously honored ancestorsAD 413 to AD 425 在位十三年 · Ritual · Bestower · With Xun'er (訓兒), Wu (武), Baozi (豹子), Weichen (衛辰), Empress Huanwen (桓文皇后)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 283
- Proclaimed amnesty era and officialsAD 407 義熙三年 · Political · Usurper · Era Name Longsheng 龍昇Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 30
- Proclaimed Great XiaPolitical · Founder · At Shuofang 朔方Directly stated · Book of Jin 101, passage 45
- RaidedAD 416 to AD 417 campaigns against Yao Hong preceding Liu Yu's capture of Chang'an · Military · Commander · At Shanggui 上邽 · Force forty thousand horsemen 騎四萬 · Outcome Song killed before arrivalDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 134
- Received submission of River Source and northern tribesAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Diplomatic · Recipient · At River Source 河源Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 225
- Regime lasted twenty six years until DingPolitical · Founding rulerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 290
- Rested and rearmed troopsMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 148
- SeizedMilitary · Commander · At Anding 安定Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 149
- Sent nephew to raid ChiyangDirectly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 79
- Set up an inscription in the capital praising imperial meritAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Ritual · CommissionerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 246-247
- Steamed earth to build Xia wallsConstruction · BuilderDirectly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 132
- Stole kings titles and aped Chinese ritualPolitical · UsurperDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 293
- Studied terrain and raised the capitalAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Construction · FounderDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 229-231
- Summoned craftsmen in the manner of Wang Er and Ban Shu and built detached palacesDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 234, 264
- Took Xingcheng in twenty days, captured Yao officers, buried 20,000 aliveDated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 124
- Took YinmiDirectly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 66
- Way displayed within five years and royal plan complete in sevenAD 407 to AD 413 五稔之間,道風弘著,暨乎七載而王猷允洽 · Political · RulerDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 227
- Withdrew to AndingMilitary · Commander · At Anding 安定Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 73
- WithdrewMilitary · Commander · Place To Anding 安定Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 141
- AD 415 遣其御史中丞烏洛孤盟于沮渠蒙遜Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passages 125, 133
- Relation Admired by · Person Yao Xing (姚興)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 294
- Relation Same clan as · Person Liu Yuanhai (劉元海)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 2
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment Liu Yu has stratagems transcending the age and will surely conquer Yao Hong · About Person Id Liu Yu (劉裕) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 143-144
- Assessment barbarian breed who seized the north and unleashed wickedness · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 292
- Assessment destruction should have fallen on him yet reached his heirs; not misfortune · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 297
- Assessment disrespectful to superiors, cruel to followers, greedy, violent, faithless, and fickle; excessive favor would make him a frontier calamity · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yao Yong (姚邕)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 26
- Assessment favored beyond meritorious veterans · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 19
- Assessment fierce, violent, and murderous, without regard for stable rule · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 284
Show 15 more source-backed claims
- Assessment has the talent to set the age aright · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yao Xing (姚興)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 22
- Assessment keen insight and remarkable bearing · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 294
- Assessment lofty-divine-martial-bearing-and-sage-presence · Mode named-source-report Source Work capital inscription 都邑銘Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 260
- Assessment quick-witted, eloquent, and of striking bearing · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 18
- Assessment ruthless by nature and not to be trusted · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Yao Yong (姚邕)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 20
- Assessment strategy surpassed others but cruelty unreformed; rejected remonstrance · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 296
- Assessment though he wielded imperial regalia he was still a treacherous bandit chief · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 301
- Assessment took Ali's cruelty for loyalty · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 100
- Assessment transforming-light-reached-the-four-quarters · Mode named-source-report Source Work capital inscription 都邑銘Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 262
- Assessment virtue-won-the-gentle-and-arms-punished-rebels · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 226
- Assessment warlike genius outshines Han emperors and design surpasses Wei founders · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Wang Maide (王買德)Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 94
- bearing magnificent and martial prowess unmatchedPhysical and martial description · 容儀瑰偉,英武絕人 · Mode named-source-report Source envoy to Liu YuDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 152
- stood eight chi five cun tall, waist ten wei around 身長八尺五寸,腰帶十圍Physical descriptionDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 18
- Item bow and sword 弓劍 · Relation Kept at handDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 285
- Item imperial regalia 神器 · Relation WieldedDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 301
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 140; Book of Jin 130, passages 86, 134, 219, 284, 292
- Value historicalDirectly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 66; Book of Jin 130, passage 2
- reigned thirteen years; Song received the mandate during his timeField reign-lengthDirectly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 287
- AD 413 其年From Liu 劉 · To Helian 赫連氏Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passages 120-121
References in the histories
62 passages
No matching passages.