Yao Xing (姚興) | 24 Histories

Overview

Yao Xing was a ruler.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Zilüe	子略	Zilüe

Life and dates

Death

AD 416 興既死
Unspecified
Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passages 27, 31

Attested activity

AD 394 to AD 394 narrative
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 127, passage 107
AD 403 undated sequel: Lü Long’s surrender and Huan Xuan–era court business
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 161, 166-168, 174, 176-178, 181-182, 185
AD 402 undated Wei–Qin campaign culminating at Chaibi / Fen
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 143-151, 156, 159, 163-165
AD 394 to AD 416 來源紀年
Directly stated · Book of Wei 89, passage 113
AD 407 其年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 34
AD 411 其年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 86

Show 34 more source-backed claims

AD 402 to AD 404 初，恭靖至長安
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 197
AD 386 to AD 393 及鎮長安
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 7-8
AD 404 召見與語
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passage 18
AD 403 呂隆降于姚興
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 12
AD 402 天興五年五月
Dated from the passage context · Book of Wei 111, passages 10, 18
AD 394 太元十九年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 27, 30, 39, 42, 44
AD 399 to AD 400 姚興在位、改元弘始前後
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 87, 106
AD 405 姚興收納叛奔
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passages 53-54
AD 406 姚興朝涼州改授、傉檀入姑臧
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 235, 288
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興睹之
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 130, passage 294
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 48, 53-54, 59, 67, 71, 76-77, 79-81, 83, 85
AD 402 to AD 404 姚興載記上：晉將降附、迎呂隆、桓玄來聘及伐仇池
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 186
AD 403 to AD 406 姚興遣使人梁斐、張構等拜蒙遜鎮西大將軍、沙州刺史、西海侯
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 129, passages 110-111
AD 403 姚興遣將齊難率眾四萬迎呂隆
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 129, passage 104
AD 409 to AD 410 廣固之圍
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passages 209, 211
AD 405 to AD 407 慕容超在位、義熙三年追尊以前（長安質母議和前後）
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passages 83, 98, 111, 116, 118, 128
AD 405 to AD 407 慕容鐘奔附時
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passage 257
AD 399 改元弘始
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 106
AD 404 to AD 405 時劉裕誅桓玄，迎復安帝
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 217
AD 401 to AD 403 時姚興遣將姚碩德攻呂隆于姑臧
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 129, passage 87
AD 394 to AD 416 汝昔不拜姚興
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 130, passage 191
AD 407 義熙三年
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passages 29-30
AD 416 to AD 418 義熙中
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 17, passage 12
AD 394 to AD 416 興將姚良子
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 136
AD 416 興既死
Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passages 27, 31
AD 394 to AD 416 興每征伐巡遊
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 119, passages 3, 6, 17
AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 17
AD 357 to AD 385 苻堅時
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 4
AD 384 to AD 393 萇之在馬牧
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 5
AD 393 萇死
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 9, 16, 26
AD 405 to AD 408 誅桓玄後通和割郡、楊盛請降及叔父殊禮
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passages 218, 225, 232
AD 396 to AD 398 請救于姚興
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 127, passage 53
AD 409 超又奔還廣固，徙郭內人入保小城，使其尚書郎張綱乞師于姚興。
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 128, passage 181
AD 413 鳳翔
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 124

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Father of Yao Xing
father 父 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 117, passage 225
Kin of Yao Xu (緒)
paternal uncle 叔父 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 9, 225-226
Kin of Yao Shuode (碩德)
paternal uncle 叔父 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 225-226
Child of Lady Sun (孫氏)
concubine-mother 庶母 · Uncertain parentage
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 42
Child of Yao Chang (姚萇)
eldest son 長子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 3
Spouse of Lady Zhang (張氏)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Yao Hong (姚泓)
firstborn son 長子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 3
Child of Lady She (虵氏)
mother 母 · maternal line
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 59, 77
Kin of Niece of Yao Xing (姚興從女)
niece by marriage 從女
Directly stated · Book of Song 3, passage 196
Parent of Yao Bi (姚弼)
son 子 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 119, passages 3, 23
Parent of Yao Hong (姚泓)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 148
Parent of Guo'er (國兒)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Yi (懿)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Pu (璞)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Chen (諶)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Yu (裕)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Xuan (宣)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Yin (愔)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Zhi (質)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Guang (洸)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Bi (弼)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Parent of Kui (逵)
son 子
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 176
Sibling of Yao Chong (姚崇)
younger brother 弟 · paternal line
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 9
Sibling of Yao Yong (姚邕)
younger brother 弟 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 20
Sibling of Yao Ping (姚平)
younger brother 弟 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Book of Wei 111, passage 18

Key source chapters

Book of Jin, Chapter 117 Volume 117 Records 17: Yao Xing Part One 107 passages
Book of Jin, Chapter 128 Volume 128 Records 28: Murong Chao 30 passages
Book of Jin, Chapter 130 Volume 130 Records 30: Helian Bobo 30 passages
Book of Jin, Chapter 119 Volume 119 Records 19: Yao Hong 8 passages
Book of Jin, Chapter 129 Volume 129 Records 29: Juqu Mengxun 5 passages

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Qiang 羌 · Mode speech Speaker Xin Gongjing (辛恭靖)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 198
Lineage Yao 姚
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 117, passage 87

Career and standing

ruler of Later Qin 姚興
Speaker his officers 諸將
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 34
ruler of Later Qin 後秦主
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 87, 103
Director of the Secretariat 中書令
Appointed other · With Wei Hua (韋華)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 116
crown prince 皇太子
Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 117, passage 5
gentleman attendant at the heir apparent's palace 太子舍人
AD 357 to AD 385 苻堅時 · Held
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 4
Attendant in the Eastern Palace of Qin 秦太子中舍人
Held
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 94

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Grand General 大將軍
Self styled
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 16
name-taboo for uncles Xu and Shuode 立名不得犯叔父緒及碩德之名
Decreed
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 225
posthumous rewards for fallen soldiers 褒贈
Granted
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 164
Assumed
AD 399 改元弘始 · King · lowered title from higher style and called himself king
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 102
Executed accomplices
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · With Yao Maide (姚買得)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 78
unlawfully assumed the imperial dignity
AD 394 太元十九年 · At Huaili 槐里
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 27

Places and affiliations

AD 394 太元十九年
Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 117, passage 27
AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之
Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passages 17, 19
AD 357 to AD 385 苻堅時
Polity Former Qin 前秦 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 117, passage 4
Polity Later Qin · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Book of Southern Qi 17, passage 12
Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 117, passages 48, 53; Book of Jin 128, passages 53, 257; Book of Jin 129, passages 87, 104, 110; Book of Jin 130, passages 191, 294
Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 87, 102, 106, 186, 197, 220, 235, 237; Book of Jin 127, passage 53; Book of Jin 128, passages 12, 83, 103, 181, 193, 211; Book of Jin 130, passage 86; Book of Wei 89, passage 113

Show 15 more source-backed claims

Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation Served · Speaker his officers 諸將
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 34
Polity Later Qin 後秦 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 143, 148
Polity Qin (Yao) 秦 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 119, passages 3, 5
AD 394 太元十九年
At Anding 安定 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 27
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記
At Shancheng 陝城 · Relation Went to
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 81
At Chang'an 長安 · Relation Established law school at
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 123
At Chang'an 長安 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 7
At Chang'an 長安 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 190, 197
At Chang'an 長安 · Relation Resided
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 141, 143, 156
At Chang'an 長安 · Relation Ruled from
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 117, passages 89, 123
At east hall 東堂 · Relation Held audience at
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 90, 113
At Fuhan 枹罕 · Relation Advanced to
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 132
At Hedong 河東 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 117
At Pingliang 平涼 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 17
At Puban 蒲阪 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 159

Learning and skills

Belief Buddhism 佛道 · Relation Adherent of
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 213-215

Works and attributed material

Sun-Wu method of swearing in the host 孫吳誓眾之法
Relation Adapted
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 122
Great Perfection of Wisdom (Dapin) 大品
Relation Sponsor collator
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 210
Banned brocade and illicit sacrifice
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Edict · Author
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 79
Ordered burial of war dead and heirs
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Edict · Author
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 83
Edict · Author · Addressee pass commandant 關尉 · Direct quotation · Units s0092
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 92
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Lü Chao (呂超) · Direct quotation · Extent s0281, s0282
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 281-282

Show 24 more source-backed claims

Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Lü Chao (呂超) · Direct quotation · Extent s0284
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 284
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Yao Wenzu (姚文祖) · Direct quotation · Extent s0274
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 274
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Yao Wenzu (姚文祖) · Direct quotation · Extent s0276
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 276
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Yao Wenzu (姚文祖) · Direct quotation · Extent s0278
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 278
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Yao Xian (姚顯)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 147
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent s0022 · Addressed to Yao Yong (姚邕)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 22
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent s0025 · Addressed to Yao Yong (姚邕)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 25
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Yuan Qianzhi (袁虔之)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 168-169
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Extent Unit Ids s0067, s0068, s0069
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 67-69
Speech · Addressee · With Hu Wei (胡威) · Direct quotation · Extent s0237, s0238, s0239, s0240, s0241, s0242, s0243, s0244
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 237-244
Edict · Author · Paraphrased · Units s0102
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 102
Edict · Author · Paraphrased · Units s0110
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 110
Edict · Author · Paraphrased · Units s0129
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 129
Edict · Author · Paraphrased · Units s0136, s0137, s0138
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 136-138
Edict · Author · Subject Mawei battle officers promoted; fort households twenty-year exemption
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 181
Edict · Author · Subject posthumous rewards for soldiers killed in battle
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 164
Order · Author · With Yin Wei (尹緯) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 21-22
Speech · Speaker · With Yao Shao (姚紹) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 18
Speech · Speaker · With Xin Gongjing (辛恭靖) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 197
Speech · Speaker · With Wei Hua (韋華) · Direct quotation · Units s0113
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 113
Speech · Speaker · With He Danzhi (何澹之) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 195-196
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Units s0105 · Reply To Person Id Zhao Min (趙旻)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 105
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Speaker his officers 諸將
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 45
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 220; Book of Jin 128, passages 98-101, 105, 107-108, 110, 125-126

Events and relationships

Adopted advice
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Political · Sovereign · With Li Song (李嵩)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 69
Allowed grandparents and brothers to conceal one another
Legal · Issuer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 110
Also appointed Tufa Nutan chariot and cavalry general and duke of Guangwu
AD 403 to AD 406 姚興遣使人梁斐、張構等拜蒙遜鎮西大將軍、沙州刺史、西海侯 · Diplomatic · Principal · With Tufa Nutan (禿髮傉檀)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 129, passage 111
Amnesty and era change
AD 394 太元十九年 · Ritual · Ruler · At Huaili 槐里
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 27
Angered then approved Zhang Hua and returned hostages
Diplomatic · Ruler
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passages 125-126, 128
Announced mourning
Ritual · Principal · With Yao Chang (姚萇)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 26

Show 95 more source-backed claims

Appointed
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Political · Sovereign · With Yao Shuode (碩德)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 48
Appointed
Appointment · Appointing authority · With Murong Zhong (慕容鍾)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 257
Army took 36000 followers and 60000 armor and horses without private plunder
Military · Commander · With Qifu Gangui (乞伏乾歸)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 130-131
Asked for troops
Diplomatic · Addressee · With Zhang Gang (張綱), Han Fan (韓范), Wang Pu (王蒲)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passages 181, 198
Assigned upright gentlemen as aides to Yao Xu and Yao Shuode
Political · Principal · With Yao Xu (緒), Yao Shuode (碩德)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 128
Attacked
AD 407 其年 · Military · Commander · At Sancheng 三城 · Speaker his officers 諸將
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 67
Attacked
Military · Commander · With Fu Deng (苻登)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 16
Attended to government and welcomed counsel
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 87
Beheaded
AD 394 太元十九年 · Military · Commander · With Fu Deng (苻登) · At south of the mountain at Jingyang 涇陽山南
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 30
Campaigned
Military · Commander · At Wugong 武功
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 34
Captured
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Military · Commander · At Shangluo 上洛
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 81
Captured
Military · Commander · With Liu Jinu (劉忌奴) · At Bishi Fort 避世堡
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 17
Changed intent and sent envoys to Chao
Diplomatic · Actor
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 116
Compared Han Fan to Jia Yi and granted old acquaintance rites
Diplomatic · Host
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passages 107-108, 110
Concealed death
Ritual · Principal · With Yao Chang (姚萇)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 9
Debated campaign against Wei
Political · Ruler · At east hall 東堂
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 144-145
Desisted from appointment
AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · Court · Ruler · With Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 27
Detained hostages and demanded vassalage or musicians or Wu captives
Diplomatic · Demander · With Murong Chao (慕容超)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 83
Disbanded enemy troops to agriculture
Administrative · Ruler · With Fu Deng (苻登)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 31
Discussed classics and principles in east hall
Scholarly · Patron · With Jiang Kan (姜龕), Chunyu Qi (淳于岐), Guo Gao (郭高) · At east hall 東堂
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 90
Distributed rewards from princes to soldiers
Military · Commander · At Fuhan 枹罕
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 132
Drilled and reviewed troops
Military · Ruler · At west of the city 城西
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 143
Enfeoffed sons of former ministers as fifth rank sons and barons
Political · Issuer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 119
Escorted Yao Shuode toward Qinzhou and turned back at Yong
Travel · Escort
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 233
Fled
Travel · Fugitive · At Chang'an 長安 · With Yao Chang (姚萇)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 5
Freed those who sold themselves in famine
Legal · Issuer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 101
Gifted Han Fan gold and promised return of hostages
Diplomatic · Giver
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 111
Granted Jin the Nanxiang commanderies despite ministerial remonstrance
Diplomatic · Principal
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 219-221
Granted amnesty and heir rank
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 148
Granted audience
AD 406 姚興朝涼州改授、傉檀入姑臧 · Political · Ruler · With Hu Wei (胡威)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 237
Granted grain silk garments and staffs to the destitute and aged
Benefaction · Issuer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 107
Great amnesty because Yao Shuode came to court
Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 232
Great military review from Duyou to Yangmu
Ritual · Principal
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 231
Great amnesty and changed era to Hongshi
AD 399 改元弘始 · Political · Issuer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 106
Halted in fear
Military · Commander · At Puban 蒲阪
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 159
Heard doubtful cases in Deliberation Hall
Judicial · Judge · At Deliberation Hall 諮議堂
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 126
Held the old Chinese translation while Kumārajīva held the Hu text
Scholarly · Collator
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 210
Hesitated then named p001 heir
Political · Decision maker
Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passages 4-5
Honored
AD 394 to AD 407 興見而奇之 · Court · Patron · With Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 19
Imprisoned Xin Gongjing in a separate chamber
Legal · Authority
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 199
Investigated plot
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Political · Target · With Yao Maide (姚買得)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 77
Lectured on classics
Scholarly · Discussant · With Liang Xi (梁喜), Fan Xu (範勖)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 8
Led cavalry
Military · Commander · With Fu Deng (苻登)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 19
Listened to Kumārajīva expound sūtras at Chengxuan Hall
Religious · Patron
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 208
Locked in stalemate
Military · Belligerent · With Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃) · Date AD 409
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 193
Marched to relieve
Military · Commander · With Yao Ping (姚平) · Force 47000 · From Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 156
Mourned beyond rites
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Ritual · Mourner · With Lady She (虵氏)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 59
Moved three thousand Li run Qiang households to Anding then to Xin zhi
Demographic · Orderer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 119, passage 33
Neglected routine government
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 59
Ordered officials each reduced one grade
AD 399 改元弘始 · Ritual · Issuer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 102
Ordered recommendation of talent and abolished inconvenient laws
Political · Issuer
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 120
Ordered xiaolian recommendations
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Political · Sovereign
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 53
Oversaw rear
Political · Regent · With Yao Chang (姚萇)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 6
Pardoned and appointed wang shang
AD 406 姚興朝涼州改授、傉檀入姑臧 · Legal · Authority · With Wang Shang (王尚)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 288
Personally campaigned
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Military · Commander · With Xue Bo (薛勃)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 76
Pleased and appointed defectors
Political · Ruler
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 174
Pleased by memorial
AD 406 姚興朝涼州改授、傉檀入姑臧 · Political · Reader · With Zong Chang (宗敞)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 274
Questioned Han Fan on vassalage motive
Diplomatic · Host
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passages 98-101
Raided
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Military · Commander · At Hucheng 湖城
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 80
Received Huan Xuan's envoys; kept Xin Gongjing and returned He Danzhi
Diplomatic · Principal
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 194-195
Received tribute
AD 406 姚興朝涼州改授、傉檀入姑臧 · Diplomatic · Recipient · With Tufa Nutan (禿髮傉檀)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 234
Refused petition to retain wang shang
AD 406 姚興朝涼州改授、傉檀入姑臧 · Political · Decision maker · With Wang Shang (王尚)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 236
Refused then later permitted surrender of princely titles
Political · Ruler · With Yao Xu (緒), Yao Shuode (碩德)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 111, 127
Relieved
AD 407 其年 · Military · Commander · At Pingliang 平涼 · With Jin Zuan (金纂) · Speaker his officers 諸將
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 78
Renewed the Qiuqi campaign and sent Lian Ju into Hanzhong
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 216
Repatriated Jin generals to Jianye
Diplomatic · Issuer · With Liu Song (劉嵩) · At Jianye 建鄴
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 139
Resettled Hexi notables
Political · Ruler · Quantity more than 10000 households · At Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 166
Resettled households
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Administrative · Sovereign · At Puban 蒲阪
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 58
Resettled households
Administrative · Ruler · At Chang'an 長安 · Quantity 30000 Yinmi households
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 32
Revised military orders after Bian Xi memorial following Sun Wu methods
Legal · Reformer · With Bian Xi (邊熙)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 121-122
Saw Bobo and was moved
Personal · Witness · With Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 294
Secretly joined campaign against Qifu Gangui
Military · Commander · With Yao Shuode (碩德), Qifu Gangui (乞伏乾歸) · At Longyou 隴右
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 130
Sent Liang Fei and Zhang Gou to invest Mengxun
AD 403 to AD 406 姚興遣使人梁斐、張構等拜蒙遜鎮西大將軍、沙州刺史、西海侯 · Diplomatic · Principal · With Mengxun (蒙遜)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 129, passage 110
Sent Qi Nan and others to welcome Lü Long from west of the river
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 189
Sent Qi Nan with 40,000 to receive Lü Long
AD 403 姚興遣將齊難率眾四萬迎呂隆 · Military · Principal · With Qi Nan (齊難)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 129, passage 104
Sent Xi Que to summon Lü Chao as attendant hostage
Diplomatic · Principal
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 187
Sent Yang Fosong and Zhao Yao to receive Peng Quan, take Nanxiang, and raid to Liang
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 186
Sent Yao Shuode to attack Lü Long at Guzang
AD 401 to AD 403 時姚興遣將姚碩德攻呂隆于姑臧 · Military · Principal · With Yao Shuode (碩德) · At Guzang 姑臧
Directly stated · Book of Jin 129, passage 87
Sent Yao Shuode, Yao Liancheng, and Yao Shoudou against Yang Sheng at Qiuqi
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 201
Sent against
AD 407 其年 · Military · Commander · With Qi Nan (齊難) · Speaker his officers 諸將
Dated from the passage context · Book of Jin 130, passage 62
Sent envoys to instruct nutan
AD 406 姚興朝涼州改授、傉檀入姑臧 · Diplomatic · Sender · With Tufa Nutan (禿髮傉檀)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 245
Sent general to capture Luoyang
Military · Principal · With Yang Fosong (楊佛嵩) · At Luoyang 洛陽
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 100
Sent invasion
Military · Sender · With Yao Ping (姚平)
Directly stated · Book of Wei 111, passage 18
Sent then recalled relief
AD 409 to AD 410 廣固之圍 · Military · Ruler · With Yao Qiang (姚彊)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passages 211-212
Sent Zhao Min to announce at altars and ancestral temple
AD 399 改元弘始 · Ritual · Principal · With Zhao Min (趙旻)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 106
Sent
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Military · Sovereign · With Yao Xu (緒)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 54
Sent
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Military · Sovereign · With Yao Shao (姚紹)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 85
Sent
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Military · Sovereign · With Yao Chong (姚崇)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 71
Summoned
AD 394 to AD 416 姚興載記 · Political · Sovereign · With Jiang Ru (薑乳)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 49
Relation Predecessor of · Person Yao Hong (姚泓) · Speaker his officers 諸將
Strongly inferred · Book of Jin 130, passages 41-42
Relation Treated with family courtesy · Person Yao Xu (緒)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 118
Relation Patron of · Person Helian Bobo (赫連勃勃)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 19
Relation Patron of · Person Yin Wei (尹緯)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 16
Relation Patron of · Person Di Bozhi (狄伯支)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 16
Relation Patron of · Person Yao Yong (姚邕) · Speaker his officers 諸將
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 45

Assessments and attributes

Assessment attentive to government, tolerant and receptive of good counsel · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 87
Assessment called without wrongful delay in judging cases · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 126
Assessment combined stern authority with generous rule · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 7
Assessment despised Chao as foolish beneath fair appearance · With Murong Chao (慕容超) · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Yao Xing (姚興)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 128, passage 18
Assessment frugal; carriages and horses without gold or jade; court imitated purity · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 182
Assessment loved hunting to the detriment of farming and could not reform · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passages 183, 185

Show 9 more source-backed claims

Assessment loyal minister and filial son · Of Person Id Li Song (李嵩) · Mode named-speaker Speaker Yao Xing (姚興)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 67
Assessment modest, respectful, filial, and fraternal · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 226
Assessment people of the time were transformed by his example of not abandoning study amid war · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 8
Assessment saw Bobo and was intoxicated in heart · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Yao Xing (姚興)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 130, passage 294
Assessment valued livestock over Liangzhou people if rumor true · Assessor Person Id Hu Wei (胡威) · Mode hearsay Speaker Hu Wei (胡威)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 240
Item Former Qin litters 偽車輦 · Relation Possessed
Directly stated · Book of Southern Qi 17, passage 12
Item gold and silk 金帛 · Relation Bestowed · With Du Ting (杜挻)
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 185
Item Prajñā terrace in the inner palace 中宮波若台 · Relation Built
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 214
Item stūpa in Yonggui ward 永貴裏浮圖 · Relation Built
Directly stated · Book of Jin 117, passage 214