Hong Xiuquan (洪秀全)

Overview

The translated histories identify Hong Xiuquan as a clan leader, rebel, and religious leader. This record brings together 10 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Hong Xiuquan	洪秀全	Hong Xiuquan
Personal name	Hong Xiuquan	洪秀全	Hóng Xiùquán
Personal name	Hong Xiuquan	洪秀全
Title	rebel leader	逆首

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0028
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:393:s0044, qingshigao:394:s0047
Value: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:369:s0109

Roles

Clan Leader
Rebel
Religious Leader

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 咸豐二年 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit · qingshigao:394:s0057
Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0028, qingshigao:393:s0092
Source Date: Text: 文宗嗣位 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0109
Source Date: Text: 道光三十年 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:393:s0044, qingshigao:394:s0047

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: rebelled-against
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0028

Learning and skills

Belief: Catholicism / Heavenly Lord religion / 天主教 · Relation: adherent-of
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0028

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: rebel-leader · Action: invaded · Place: Guilin/Hunan / 桂林湖南 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐二年 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit · qingshigao:394:s0057
Kind: military · Role: rebel-leader · Action: rebelled-in-Guangxi · Place: Guangxi / 廣西 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 文宗嗣位 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0109

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 369Volume 369 Biographies 156: Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Da Hong A · 1 passage

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逾年，文宗嗣位，疊詔宣召，未至，以廣西逆首洪秀全稔亂，授欽差大臣，督師進剿，並署廣西巡撫。 The next year, after Emperor Wenzong succeeded to the throne, repeated summons reached him, but before he could arrive Hong Xiuquan had long been in rebellion in Guangxi. Lin was appointed imperial commissioner to lead a punitive expedition and also served as acting governor of Guangxi.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 179: Sai Shang A, Ne Er Jing E · 1 passage

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又疏陳賊勢，略言：「粵西股匪繁多，馮雲山、洪秀全、凌十八等俱奉天主教，凶狠稱最，來往於金田、東鄉、廟旺、中坪，官兵壁上環觀，有無可如何之勢。 He also reported on rebel strength, writing in summary: "Guangxi is overrun with rebel bands; Feng Yunshan, Hong Xiuquan, Ling Shiba, and others all profess Catholicism and are the fiercest of the lot, operating between Jintian, Dongxiang, Miaowang, and Zhongping while government troops look on from the walls, unable to do anything about it.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 393Volume 393 Biographies 180: Li Xingyuan, Zhou Tianjue, Lao Chongguang · 5 passages

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時左右江匪氛蔓延，諸賊尤以桂平金田洪秀全為最悍。 Rebel activity had spread along the Zuo and You Rivers, and among all the insurgents Hong Xiuquan of Jintian in Guiping was the most formidable.

咸豐元年春，親率兵與向榮會剿金田匪洪秀全等。 In the spring of 1851 he personally led troops to join Xiang Rong in suppressing Hong Xiuquan and the Jintian rebels.

尋金田賊洪秀全等永安突圍出犯桂林，命崇光回援，至則賊已北竄，連陷興安、全州，偕總兵和春追擊之，賊遂入湖南。 Soon the Jintian rebels Hong Xiuquan and others broke out of Yong'an and attacked Guilin; Chongguang was ordered back to relieve the city, but upon arrival the rebels had already fled north, successively taking Xing'an and Quanzhou; he joined major-general He Chun in pursuit, and the rebels then entered Hunan.

三年，洪秀全等既踞江寧，分黨北犯中原。 In 1853, after Hong Xiuquan and others seized Nanjing, they sent factions north to invade the Central Plains.

勞崇光久在兵間，洪秀全北竄後已不顧舊巢，然伏莽四起，終賴湘軍之力，數年而後克定； Lao Chongguang had long been in military affairs; after Hong Xiuquan fled north the old rebel base was abandoned, yet latent insurgents rose on all sides, and in the end order depended on the Hunan Army — only after several years was the province finally pacified;

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 394Volume 394 Biographies 181: Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, Huang Zonghan · 3 passages

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時兩廣盜賊蜂起，以廣西金田洪秀全為最悍。 Bandits were rising throughout the two Guang provinces, and the fiercest leader was Hong Xiuquan of Jintian in Guangxi.

匪首凌十八、陳二、吳三、何茗科踞羅鏡圩及信宜，與洪秀全聲勢相倚。 The rebel leaders Ling Shiba, Chen Er, Wu San, and He Mingke held Luojing Market and Xinyi, coordinating their strength with Hong Xiuquan.

命馳赴梧州，而洪秀全大股已犯桂林，竄入湖南。 He was ordered to rush to Wuzhou, but Hong Xiuquan's main column had already struck Guilin and slipped into Hunan.