Later Han Gaozu (漢高祖)

Overview

The translated histories identify Later Han Gaozu as a general, military officer, ruler, and soldier. This record brings together 70 passages from 14 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Later Han Gaozu	漢高祖	Han Gaozu
Temple	Gaozu	高祖	Gāozǔ
Title	Gaozu	高祖	Gāozǔ
Temple name	Gaozu	高祖	Gāozǔ
Temple	Gaozu	高祖	Gaozu
Temple name	Gaozu	高祖
Temple	Gaozu of Later Han	漢高祖	Hàn Gāozǔ
Temple name	Gaozu of Later Han	漢高祖	Hàn Gāozǔ
Title	Han Ancestor	漢祖
Alternate name	Han founder	漢祖
Title	Han founder	漢祖
Title	Han Gaozu	漢高祖
Temple name	Han Gaozu	漢高祖
Title	Han Gaozu	漢高祖	Han Gaozu
Temple	Han Gaozu	漢高祖	Han Gaozu
Title	Han Gaozu	漢高祖	Hàn Gāozǔ
Temple name	Han High Ancestor	汉高祖	Han Gaozu
Title	late emperor	先皇帝
Personal	Liu Zhiyuan
Personal name	Liu Zhiyuan		Liú Zhīyuǎn
Personal	Liu Zhiyuan	劉知遠	Liú Zhīyuǎn
Personal	Liu Zhiyuan	劉知遠	Liu Zhiyuan
Personal name	Liu Zhiyuan	刘知远	Liu Zhiyuan
Posthumous	Rui Wen Sheng Wu Zhao Su Xiao Emperor	睿文聖武昭肅孝皇帝
Title	the late emperor	先帝

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0001, jiuwudaishi:105:s0075, jiuwudaishi:121:s0060, liaoshi:005:s0045, xinwudaishi:011:s0014, xinwudaishi:018:s0069, xinwudaishi:019:s0014, xinwudaishi:029:s0010, xinwudaishi:031:s0064, xinwudaishi:049:s0012
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:127:s0175, jiuwudaishi:144:s0057, liaoshi:113:s0140
Value: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:066:s0103

Roles

General
Military Officer
Ruler
Soldier
Warlord

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 天祿二年 · Western Year: AD 948
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:005:s0045
Note: illness culminating Qianyou 1
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:011:s0017
Explicit · xinwudaishi:018:s0076

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 乾祐元年正月 · Western Year: AD 948
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:011:s0017
Source Date: Text: 國初 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:105:s0003, jiuwudaishi:105:s0004
Source Date: Text: 天祿二年 · Western Year: AD 948
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:005:s0045
Source Date: Text: 天祿元年 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:113:s0140
Source Date: Text: 天福中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 936 · End: AD 944
Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0014
Source Date: Text: 天福十二年 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0010
Source Date: Text: 天福十二年 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:105:s0079, jiuwudaishi:105:s0080
Source Date: Text: 天福十二年四月 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0034
Source Date: Text: 汉高祖时 · Western Interval: Start: AD 947 · End: AD 948
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0097
Source Date: Text: 漢祖登極 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:127:s0175
Source Date: Text: 漢高祖 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0012, xinwudaishi:049:s0087, xinwudaishi:049:s0125, xinwudaishi:049:s0133, xinwudaishi:049:s0142
Source Date: Text: 漢高祖即位 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:066:s0103
Source Date: Text: 漢高祖受命之年，秋九月 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0057, jiuwudaishi:144:s0150
Source Date: Text: 漢高祖為河東節度使 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:031:s0064
Source Date: Text: 漢高祖由太原入京師 · Western Year: AD 947
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:019:s0043
Source Date: Text: 鎮並門 · Western Interval: Start: AD 947 · End: AD 948
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:121:s0060
Source Date: Text: 開運四年 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:018:s0071, xinwudaishi:018:s0075
Source Date: Text: 開運末 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:127:s0136
Source Date: Text: 高祖即位 · Western Year: AD 936
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:029:s0010

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Kin of Xin (信)
Kinship Term: elder male cousin / 從兄 · Subject Relative Age: elder
Kinship Term: younger cousin / 從弟 · Subject Relative Age: younger
Kinship Term: younger male cousin / 從弟 · Subject Relative Age: younger
Parent of Princess Yongning (永寧公主)
Kinship Term: eldest daughter / 長女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: daughter · Object Birth Order: 1
Parent of Cheng Xun (承訓)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: eldest son / 長子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 1
Spouse of Empress Li (李氏)
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Subject Role: wife · Object Role: husband
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
Parent of Liu Yun (劉赟)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: took him as his own son / 以為己子 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Emperor Yin (隱帝)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Cheng Xun (承勛)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: youngest son / 幼子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Child of Xian Zu (顯祖)
Kinship Term: Gaozu / 高祖 · Parentage: biological · Line: paternal
Kin of Shizu (世祖)
Kinship Term: kinsman / 親 · Line: paternal
Parent of Chengxun (承勳)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Young Ruler of Han (少主)
Kinship Term: young ruler / 少主 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: young ruler / 少主 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Sibling of Xin (信)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger · Subject Role: younger-brother · Object Role: elder-brother
Sibling of Chong (崇)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger · Subject Role: younger-brother · Object Role: elder-brother

Career and standing

Label: army soldier / 軍卒
Explicit · xinwudaishi:018:s0069
Label: horse herder while obscure / 牧馬
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0002
Label: chief adjutant of the Palace Guard / 侍衛親軍都虞候 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:011:s0014
Label: commander of the Palace Guard / 侍衞親軍指揮使 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0133
Label: frontier military command / 藩鎮 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0003
Label: military governor of Hedong / 河東節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:031:s0064
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢高祖 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0143
Label: received the Mandate / 受命 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢高祖受命之年 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0150
Place: Taiyuan / 太原
Explicit · xinwudaishi:011:s0016

Places and affiliations

Label: Han / 漢 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · liaoshi:005:s0045
Label: Later Han / 漢 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:105:s0003, jiuwudaishi:144:s0150, xinwudaishi:018:s0075
Polity: Later Han / 漢 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0001, jiuwudaishi:104:s0010, jiuwudaishi:121:s0060, jiuwudaishi:127:s0136, jiuwudaishi:127:s0175, xinwudaishi:049:s0012
Place: Bing Gate / 並門 · Relation: posted-to
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0135
Place: Bingzhou / 并州 · Relation: posted-to
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:105:s0003
Place: Hedong / 河東 · Relation: governed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0134, xinwudaishi:049:s0142
Place: Jinyang / 晉陽 · Relation: active-at
Explicit · xinwudaishi:018:s0069
Place: Taiyuan / 太原 · Relation: based-at
Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0014, xinwudaishi:019:s0043
Place: Taiyuan / 太原 · Relation: raised-troops-at
Explicit · xinwudaishi:018:s0071

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quote: true · Provenance: Mode: hearsay · Witness Person Id: Li Ye (李業)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0015
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quote: true
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0007

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: abductor · Action: abducted · Other Person Id: Empress Li (李氏) · Place: Jinyang / 晉陽
Explicit · xinwudaishi:018:s0069
Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: acceded-at-Jinyang
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0136
Kind: military · Role: ruler · Action: entered-capital-from-Taiyuan
Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0043
Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: mourned · Other Person Id: Cheng Xun (承訓) · Place: Taiping Palace / 太平宮
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:105:s0080
Kind: military · Role: leader · Action: raised-righteous-cause · Place: Taiyuan / 太原
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0004
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: raised-troops · Place: Taiyuan / 太原 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 開運四年 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:018:s0071
Kind: personal · Role: abductor · Action: seized-and-took-empress-li · Other Person Id: Empress Li (李氏) · Place: Jinyang villa / 晉陽別墅
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0002
Kind: political · Role: decision-maker · Action: stopped-forced-loan-proposal
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:104:s0008
Relation: employer-of · Person Id: Guo Wei (郭威)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0014, xinwudaishi:019:s0026
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Guo Wei (郭威)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:011:s0014, xinwudaishi:011:s0015

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 66Volume 66 Book of Later Tang 42: Biographies 8: an Zhonghui, Zhu Hongzhao, Zhu Hongshi, Kang Yicheng, Yao Yanchou, Song Lingxun · 2 passages

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及漢高祖即位，贈尚書令。 Later Han Gaozu posthumously made him Minister of Works.

漢高祖即位，與王思同並製贈侍中。 Later Han Gaozu posthumously made him and Wang Sitong Palace Attendants.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 104Volume 104 Book of Later Jin 6: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 7 passages

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高祖皇后李氏，晉陽人也。 Empress Li, consort of Later Han Gaozu, came from Jinyang.

高祖微時，嘗牧馬於晉陽別墅，因夜入其家，劫而取之。 While Liu Zhiyuan was still a nobody, he tended horses at a Jinyang country house, slipped in one night, and carried her off.

及高祖領藩鎮，累封魏國夫人。 Once he held a frontier command she rose step by step to Lady of Wei.

高祖建義於太原，欲行頒賚於軍士，以公帑不足，議率井邑，助成其事。 At Taiyuan he meant to pay the troops but the state coffers ran dry, so his council weighed a levy on town and countryside to fund the bonuses.

高祖改容曰：「敬聞命矣。」 The emperor colored and said, "Your counsel is taken."

業時在旁曰：「先帝嘗言，朝廷大事不可謀及書生，懦怯誤人。」 Li Ye at her elbow said, "The late emperor warned never to plot great matters with pedants—they only breed cowardice."

又，《五代會要》載：漢高祖長女永寧公主，降宋延渥，天福十二年四月封，至乾祐二年十二月，追封秦國長公主。）〉 The 《Wudai hui yao》 also notes Gaozu's eldest daughter, Princess Yongning, wed Song Yanwo, was titled in Tianfu 12, and was posthumously raised to princess of Qin in Qianyou 2. (End of editorial note.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 105Volume 105 Book of Later Jin 7: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 12 passages

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蔡王信，高祖之從弟也。 Prince Cai Xin was a cousin of Later Han Gaozu.

漢祖鎮并州，為興捷軍都將，領龔州刺史、檢校太保。 While Liu Zhiyuan governed Bingzhou, Xin became commander of the Xingjie Army and also served as prefect of Gong and honorary Grand Guardian.

高祖寢疾大漸，楊邠受密旨遣信赴鎮，信即時戒路，不得奉辭，雨泣而去。 As Gaozu lay dying, Yang Bin carried a secret order to send Xin back to his post; Xin set out at once without a farewell audience and left in tears through the rain.

在鎮日，聚斂無度，會高祖山陵梓宮經由境上，信率掠吏民，以備迎奉，百姓苦之。 In his province he levied without measure; when Gaozu's coffin passed through on its way to the tomb, Xin stripped officials and commoners alike to fund the reception, and the people groaned under it.

◎宗室魏王承訓，字德輝，高祖之長子也。 ◎ Prince Wei Cheng Xun of the imperial house, courtesy name Dehui, was eldest son of Later Han Gaozu.

少溫厚，美姿儀，高祖尤鐘愛。 As a youth he was mild and warm-hearted, handsome in bearing, and Gaozu doted on him above all.

高祖將赴洛，命承訓北京大內巡檢，未幾，詔赴闕，授開封尹、檢校太尉、同平章事。 As Gaozu prepared to go to Luoyang, he ordered Cheng Xun to inspect the inner palace at the Northern Capital; soon an edict recalled him to court and made him Kaifeng prefect, honorary Grand Marshal, and vice grand councilor.

高祖發哀於太平宮，哭之大慟，以至於不豫。 Gaozu mourned at Taiping Palace and wept so bitterly that he fell ill.

陳王承勛，高祖之幼子也。 Cheng Xun, Prince of Chen, was Gaozu's youngest son.

〈（案：《湘陰公傳》原本殘闕，考《十國春秋·湘陰公傳》云：湘陰公赟，世祖子也，高祖愛之，以為己子。 (Editor's note: the base 《Biography of the Duke of Xiangyin》 is corrupt; the 《Ten States Spring and Autumn》 account reads: the Duke of Xiangyin Yun was a son of Shizu; Gaozu doted on him and raised him as his own.

群臣乃共奏曰：「武寧節度使赟，高祖愛以為子，宜立為嗣。」 The ministers jointly memorialized: "Wuning governor Yun, whom Gaozu loved as a son, should be made heir."

太后乃下詔曰：「比者，樞密使威，誌安宗社，議立長君，以徐州節度使赟，高祖親近，立為漢嗣，乃自藩鎮，召赴京師。 The dowager then issued an edict: "Recently Commissioner Wei, seeking to secure the realm, chose a mature ruler; Xuzhou governor Yun, close to Gaozu, was named Han heir and summoned from his province to the capital.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 121Volume 121 Book of Later Zhou 23: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 2 passages

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太祖從漢祖鎮並門，屬楊夫人以疾終，無何武氏子卒，太祖素聞妃之賢，遂納為繼室。 When the Emperor followed the Han founder to garrison Bingmen, Lady Yang died of illness; soon afterward the Wu son died as well. Having long heard of the lady's virtue, he took her as his successor consort.

太祖從漢祖幸洛，因憶淑妃之言，尋以禮納之。 When the Emperor accompanied the Han founder to Luoyang, he recalled Lady Yang's praise and soon took her as his wife with full ceremony.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 127Volume 127 Book of Later Zhou 29: Biographies 7: Lu Wenji, Ma Yisun, He Ning, Su Yugui, Jing Fan · 6 passages

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漢祖登極，轉太子太師。 When the Han founder took the throne, he became grand mentor of the heir.

漢高祖作鎮並門，奏為兼判。 When Han Gaozu governed Bing Gate he had Yugui made concurrent overseer.

開運末，契丹入汴，漢祖即位於晉陽，授中書侍郎平章事。 At Kaiyun's end the Khitans entered Bian. Han Gaozu took the throne at Jinyang and made Yugui vice minister and grand councilor.

漢祖輗阼，兼刑部尚書，俄加右僕射、集賢殿大學士。 On Han's accession he also became minister of punishments, then right vice director and grand academician of the Hall for Gathering Worthies.

漢祖大漸，與蘇逢吉、楊邠等受顧命，立少主。 When Han fell gravely ill, he with Su Fengji, Yang Bin, and others received the deathbed charge and installed the young emperor.

禹珪純厚長者，遭遇漢祖，及蘇逢吉夷滅，禹珪恬然無咎，時人以為積善之報也。 A pure, generous elder, he served Han Gaozu; when Su Fengji was destroyed he remained unscathed—men called it reward for virtue.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 144Volume 144: Treatises 6 Music 1 · 2 passages

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高祖睿文聖武昭肅孝皇帝廟室酌獻，舞《觀德之舞》。 For the libation offering at the temple chamber of Gaozu, the Rui Wen, Sheng Wu, Zhao Su, Xiao Emperor, the Dance of Observing Virtue was performed.

漢高祖受命之年，秋九月，權太常卿張昭上疏，奏改一代樂名，其略曰？ In the year when Han Gaozu received the Mandate, in the ninth month of autumn, Acting Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices Zhang Zhao submitted a memorial requesting changes to the music names of the dynasty. Stated in summary:

History of Liao, Chapter 5Volume 5 Annals 5: Shizong · 1 passage

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漢主劉知遠殂，子承祐立。 Han ruler Liu Zhiyuan died, and his son Chengyou succeeded him.

History of Liao, Chapter 113Volume 113 Biographies 43: Rebellious Officials 2 · 1 passage

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天祿元年，燕、趙已南皆應劉知遠，朗與汴守蕭翰棄城歸闕。 In the first year of Tianlu, Yan, Zhao, and all lands to the south rallied to Liu Zhiyuan; Lang and Bian's defender Xiao Han abandoned the city and returned to court.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Later Zhou Annals 2: Taizu · 4 passages

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漢高祖為侍衛親軍都虞候，尤親愛之。 Han Gaozu, then chief adjutant of the Palace Guard, took a particular liking to him.

後高祖所臨鎮，嘗以威從。 Afterward, on every posting Gaozu held, Wei usually went along.

契丹滅晉，漢高祖起兵太原，即皇帝位，拜威樞密副使。 After the Khitan overthrew Jin, Han Gaozu rose at Taiyuan and claimed the throne, naming Wei Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council.

乾祐元年正月，高祖疾大漸，以隱帝托威及史弘肇等。 In the first month of Qianyou 1, as Gaozu lay dying, he committed the Hidden Emperor to the care of Wei, Shi Hongzhao, and the rest.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 18Volume 18: The Later Han Imperial Family · 19 passages

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高祖皇后李氏 Empress Li, wife of Gaozu of Later Han

高祖皇后李氏，晉陽人也，其父為農。 Empress Li of Gaozu was a native of Jinyang; her father was a farmer.

高祖少為軍卒，牧馬晉陽，夜入其家劫取之。 Gaozu was once a soldier herding horses at Jinyang; one night he entered her home and abducted her.

高祖已貴，封魏國夫人，生隱帝。 When Gaozu rose to power, she was made Lady of Wei and bore the Hidden Emperor.

開運四年，高祖起兵太原，賞軍士，帑藏不足充，欲斂於民。 In Kaiyun 4, Gaozu rebelled at Taiyuan and meant to reward his troops, but the treasury fell short and he planned to levy the people.

高祖為改容謝之。 Gaozu softened and thanked her.

高祖即位，立為皇后。 When Gaozu ascended, she was made empress.

高祖崩，隱帝冊尊為皇太后。 After Gaozu's death, the Hidden Emperor made her empress dowager.

李業從旁對曰：「先皇帝平生言，朝廷大事，勿問書生。」 Li Ye cut in: “The late emperor always said never to ask scholars about great affairs of state.”

高祖弟子侄 Gaozu's younger brothers and nephews

高祖二弟三子：弟曰崇、曰信，子曰承訓、承祐、承勳。 Gaozu had two brothers—Chong and Xin—and three sons: Chengxun (承訓), Chengyou, and Chengxun (承勳).

崇子曰赟，高祖愛之，以為己子。 Chong’s son Yun was loved by Gaozu and adopted as his son.

而宗室河東節度使崇等在者四人，乃為太后誥曰：「河東節度使崇，許州節度使信，皆高祖之弟，徐州節度使赟，開封尹承勳，皆高祖之子，文武百辟，其擇嗣君以承天統。」 Four of the Liu clan remained; the dowager's edict read: "Chong of Hedong, Xin of Xu, Yun of Xuzhou, and Chengxun of Kaifeng—brothers and sons of Gaozu—and bade the court choose an heir."

於是周太祖與王峻入見太后，言：「開封尹承勳，高祖皇帝之子，宜立。」 Guo Wei and Wang Jun told the dowager: “Chengxun, Gaozu’s son, should reign.”

太祖與群臣請見承勳視起居，太后命以臥榻舁承勳出見群臣，群臣視之信然，乃共奏曰：「徐州節度使赟，高祖愛之，以為子，宜立為嗣。」 They asked to see Chengxun; he was borne out on a couch; seeing him truly ill, they memorialized: "Yun, whom Gaozu had adopted, should be enthroned as heir."

太祖已監國，太后乃下誥曰：「此者樞密使郭威，誌安宗社，議立長君，以徐州節度使赟高祖近親，立為漢嗣，乃自藩鎮召赴京師。 As regent, the dowager issued an edict: "Guo Wei had meant to enthrone an elder lord; Yun, Gaozu's kin, was chosen and summoned from Xuzhou.

蔡王信，高祖之從弟也。 Prince of Cai Xin was Gaozu's younger cousin.

高祖鎮太原，以信為興捷軍都指揮使領義成軍節度使，徙領許州。 When Gaozu governed Taiyuan, he made Xin commander of the Xingjie Army and military governor of Yicheng, then moved him to Xu.

高祖寢疾，隱帝當立為嗣，楊邠等受顧命，不欲信在京師，乃遣信就鎮，信涕泣而去。 When Gaozu lay dying and the Hidden Emperor was to succeed, Yang Bin and the others took the deathbed charge; fearing Xin in the capital, they sent him to his post, and he left in tears.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 19Volume 19: Taizu of Later Zhou's Family · 3 passages

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太祖方事漢高祖於太原，天福中妃卒，遂葬太原之近郊。 Taizu was then in Gaozu of Later Han's service at Taiyuan. She died during the Tianfu reign period and was buried in the outskirts near the city.

久之，太祖事漢高祖於太原，楊夫人卒，而武氏子亦卒，乃納妃為繼室。 Years later, while Taizu was in Gaozu of Later Han's service at Taiyuan, Lady Yang died and Wu's son died as well; Taizu then took the consort as his next wife.

漢高祖由太原入京師，太祖從，過洛陽，聞妃有賢行，聘之。 When Gaozu of Later Han entered the capital from Taiyuan, Taizu went with him. Passing through Luoyang he heard of her virtue and took her as his wife.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 29Volume 29 Later Jin Biographies 9: Sang Weihan, Jing Yanguang, Wu Luan · 2 passages

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高祖自太原徙天平，不受命，而有异谋，以问将佐，将佐皆恐惧不敢言，独维翰与刘知远赞成之，因使维翰为书求援于契丹。 The High Ancestor refused transfer from Taiyuan to Tianping and plotted rebellion. He asked his staff; all feared and were silent. Only Weihan and Liu Zhiyuan urged him on. Weihan wrote to the Khitan for aid.

汉高祖时，赠侍中。 Later Han posthumously made him Palace Attendant.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 31Volume 31 Later Zhou Biographies 11: Wang Pu, Zheng Renhui, Hu Zai · 1 passage

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漢高祖為河東節度使，周太祖居帳下，時時往過仁誨，與語甚歡。 When Han Gaozu governed Hedong, Zhou Taizu served in his camp and often called on Renhui—they talked as old friends.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 49Volume 49 Miscellaneous Biographies 29: Di Guangye, Feng Hui, Huang Fuhui, Tang Jingsi, Wang Jin, Chang Si, Sun Fangjian · 8 passages

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漢高祖入京師，改右領軍衛大將軍、左金吾大將軍，充街使。 Han Gaozu entered the capital and made him Grand General of the Right Stern Guard and Grand General of the Left Jinwu Guard, and street commissioner.

漢高祖時，為鄧州行軍司馬，後為沿淮巡檢。 Under Han Gaozu he was Deng’s marching marshal, then Huai river inspector.

漢高祖為侍衞親軍指揮使，以進為軍校。 When Han Gaozu commanded the Palace Guard, he made Jin a company officer.

高祖鎮河東，因以之從，每有急，遣進馳至京師，往返不過五六日，由是愈親愛之，累遷奉國軍都指揮使。 When Gaozu governed Hedong, Jin went with him. In every crisis Gaozu sent him racing to the capital—a round trip of five or six days at most. Gaozu grew ever fonder and raised him to commander of the Fengguo army.

漢高祖為河東節度使，以思為牢城指揮使。 When Han Gaozu governed Hedong, he made Si commander of the Laocheng garrison.

高祖入立，領武勝軍節度使，徙鎮昭義。 When Gaozu took the throne, Si held the Wusheng commission and was shifted to Zhaoyi.

漢高祖起，契丹縱火燒定州，虜其人民北去。 Han Gaozu rose; the Khitan burned Ding prefecture and drove its people north as captives.

方諫聞之，自狼山入，據之以歸漢，高祖嘉之，即拜方諫義武軍節度使。 Fangjian marched out of Langshan, seized the city, and submitted to Han; Gaozu praised him and at once restored him as Yiwu commissioner.