Qian Liu (錢鏐) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Qian Liu as a general, military officer, ruler, and warlord. This record brings together 15 passages from 8 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Qian Liu	錢鏐	Qian Liu
Title	King of Wuyue	吳越王	Wuyue Wang
Personal	Liu	鏐
Given name	Liu	鏐	Liu
Given	Liu	镠	Liú
Title	Lord Qian
Surname	Qian	錢	Qián
Personal name	Qian Liu	錢鏐	Qian Liu
Personal	Qian Liu	錢鏐
Personal	Qian Liu	錢镠	Qián Liú
Personal name	Qian Liu	錢镠	Qián Liú
Title	Wuyue king Qian Liu	吳越王錢鏐

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:005:s0119, jiuwudaishi:006:s0099, jiuwudaishi:020:s0157, xinwudaishi:071:s0009
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0118, jiuwudaishi:068:s0097, xinwudaishi:023:s0057
Value: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:042:s0032

Roles

General
Military Officer
Ruler
Warlord

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Regnal Year: 2 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:071:s0009
Source Date: Text: 寶正六年辛卯 · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:071:s0008, xinwudaishi:071:s0009
Source Date: Text: after Wang Jingren fled Yang Wo · Western Interval: Start: AD 905 · End: AD 910
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0057
Source Date: Text: 乾化元年五月 · Western Year: AD 911
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:006:s0099
Source Date: Text: 光啟三年 · Western Year: AD 887
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0123
Source Date: Text: 廣明中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 880 · End: AD 881
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0118
Source Date: Text: 梁貞明中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 915 · End: AD 921
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:068:s0097
Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:042:s0032, jiuwudaishi:042:s0035
Source Date: Text: 開平二年 · Western Year: AD 908
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:020:s0157
Source Date: Text: 開平四年四月 · Western Year: AD 910
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:005:s0119

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Qian Yuanguan (錢元瓘)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931

Kinship Role: sons · Count: 1 · Note: one son granted sixth-rank regular post
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:006:s0099

Career and standing

Label: Grand Marshal / 元帥 · Action: granted
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:068:s0097
Label: circuit military commissioner / 諸道節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:006:s0099
Label: military commissioner / 節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0118
Label: Zhenhai military governor / 鎮海軍節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:005:s0119
Label: Supreme Commander of All Armies / 天下兵馬都元帥 · Action: restored · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:042:s0032
Honor: August Father / 尚父 · Action: restored · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:042:s0032
Honor: exemption from being named in memorials / 賜不名 · Action: restored · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:042:s0035
Title: King of Wuyue / 吳越王 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0123
Title: King of Wu-Yue / 吳越國王 · Action: restored · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:042:s0032

Places and affiliations

Label: Wu-Yue / 吳越 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0009, xinwudaishi:071:s0010
Polity Name: Wuyue · Relation: served-or-associated
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:020:s0157
Organization: Qian clan / 錢氏 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0010

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated-Gao-Hong-and-took-Huzhou · Place: Huzhou / 湖州 · Other Person Id: Gao Hong (高灃)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:005:s0119, jiuwudaishi:005:s0120
Kind: ritual · Role: issuer · Action: issued-edict-enfeoffing-Falling-Star-Stone · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 寶正六年辛卯 · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 931
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:071:s0008, xinwudaishi:071:s0009
Kind: political · Role: protector · Action: received Wang Jingren and nominated him military governor of Xuanzhou · Other Person Id: Wang Jingren (王景仁)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0057
Kind: political-restoration · Role: recipient · Action: restored to supreme command and kingship after his son's memorial · Other Person Id: Qian Yuanguan (錢元瓘) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 長興二年 · Western Year: AD 931
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:042:s0032
Kind: military · Role: ruler · Action: secured-two-Zhes · Place: two Zhes / 兩浙
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0146
Relation: employer-of · Person Id: Luo Yin (羅隱)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0118, jiuwudaishi:024:s0146
Relation: compared-to · Person Id: Zhang Gui (張軌) · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0010

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 5Volume 5 Book of Later Liang 5: Taizu Annals 5 · 2 passages

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鎮海軍節度使錢鏐擊高灃於湖州，大敗之，梟夷擒殺萬人，拔其郡，湖州平。 Qian Liu of Zhenhai attacked Gao Hong at Huzhou, crushed him, killed or captured ten thousand men, and took the city; Huzhou was pacified.

先是，灃以州叛入淮南，故詔鏐討之也。 Hong had earlier rebelled and gone over to Huainan, which was why Liu was ordered to strike him.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 6Volume 6 Book of Later Liang 6: Taizu Annals 6 · 1 passage

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諸道節度使錢鏐、張宗奭、馬殷、王審知、劉隱各賜一子六品正員官，高季昌賜一子八品正員官，賀德倫賜一子九品正員官。 Commissioners Qian Liu, Zhang Zongshi, Ma Yin, Wang Shenzhi, and Liu Yin each received a regular sixth-rank post for a son; Gao Jichang an eighth-rank post; He Delun a ninth-rank post.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 1 passage

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〈（案《通鑒》：開平二年，帝從吳越王錢鏐之請，以亳州團練使寇彥卿為東南面行營都指揮使，使擊淮南。 (The 《Zizhi Tongjian》 says: In Kaiping 2, at Wuyue king Qian Liu's request the Emperor named Kou Yanqing of Bozhou overall commander of the southeast campaign against Huainan.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 4 passages

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唐廣明中，因亂歸鄉里，節度使錢鏐辟為從事。 During Guangming he went home in the turmoil; Qian Liu of Zhexi took him on as staff.

〈（《澗泉日記》云：唐光啟三年，吳越王表奏為錢塘令，遷著作郎，辟掌書記。 (The 《Jianquan Diary》 says: In Guangqi 3 the King of Wuyue had him made magistrate of Qiantang, then drafting gentleman and chief secretary.

時錢鏐方得兩浙，置之幕府，使典軍中書檄，其後官給事中。 Qian Liu had just taken the two Zhes; he put Yin in his secretariat to draft army papers and later made him Attendant Gentleman.

及將行，紹威贈以百萬，他物稱是，仍致書於鏐謂叔父，鏐首用之。）〉 On his departure Shaowei gave him a million cash and rich gifts, and wrote Qian Liu as to an uncle—Liu took him up at once.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 42Volume 42 Book of Later Tang 18: Mingzong Annals 8 · 2 passages

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乙酉，太師致仕錢鏐復授天下兵馬都元帥、尚父、吳越國王，以其子兩浙節度使元瓘等上表首罪，故有是命。 On yiyou the retired Grand Master Qian Liu was again invested as Supreme Commander of All Armies, August Father, and King of Wu-Yue, because his son Yuanjuan, military governor of Liangzhe, and others submitted a memorial accepting guilt.

詔錢鏐依舊賜不名。 Qian Liu was again exempted from having his name written in memorials.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 68Volume 68 Book of Later Tang 44: Biographies 20: Xue Tinggui, Cui Yi, Liu Yue, Liu Ye, Feng Shunqing, Dou Mengzheng, Li Baoyin, Gui Ai, Kong, Miao, Zhang Wenbao, Chen Yi, Liu Zan · 3 passages

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梁貞明中，加兩浙錢鏐元帥之命。 During Liang Zhenming the court issued an edict making Qian Liu of the two Zhe circuits grand marshal.

夢徵以鏐無功於中原，兵柄不宜虛授，其言切直。 Mengzheng argued that Liu had done nothing for the central realm and that military command should not be handed out lightly. His memorial was blunt and uncompromising.

〈（《玉堂閑話》：竇以錢公無功於本朝，僻在一方，坐邀恩澤，不稱是命，乃抱麻哭於朝。 (Jade Hall Idle Talk records that Dou argued Lord Qian had done nothing for the dynasty yet sat in a remote corner receiving favors unearned by merit. Deeming the commission unfitting, he embraced the mourning hemp and wept in open court.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 1 passage

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景仁奔於錢镠，镠表景仁領宣州節度使。 Jingren fled to Qian Liu, who memorialized to make him military governor of Xuanzhou.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 71Volume 71: Timeline for the Hereditary Houses of the Ten Kingdoms · 1 passage

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辛卯，長興二年，乃镠之末世也，然不見其終始所因，故不得而備列。 Xinmao corresponds to the second year of the Changxing era, the last years of Qian Liu's reign; but because the beginning and end of the matter are nowhere recorded, it cannot be set forth in full.