Ronglu (榮祿) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Ronglu as a general, official, and statesman. This record brings together 26 passages from 7 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Ronglu	榮祿	Rong Lu
Clan	Guwalgiya	瓜爾佳氏
Personal	Rong Lu	榮祿	Rong Lu
Personal name	Rong Lu	榮祿	Róng Lù
Personal name	Ronglu	榮祿	Ronglu
Personal	Ronglu	榮祿	Ronglu
Personal name	Ronglu	榮祿
Personal	Ronglu	榮祿	Rónglù
Posthumous	Wenzhong	文忠	Wenzhong
Courtesy	Zhonghua	仲華	Zhonghua

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:195:s0069, qingshigao:437:s0001, qingshigao:465:s0201, qingshigao:467:s0002, qingshigao:470:s0182
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0052

Roles

General
Official
Statesman

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十九年 · Western Year: AD 1903
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0035

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 二十九年 · Western Year: AD 1903
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0035
Source Date: Text: 二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0027, qingshigao:437:s0028, qingshigao:437:s0029, qingshigao:437:s0030, qingshigao:437:s0031, qingshigao:467:s0088, qingshigao:467:s0092
Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0021, qingshigao:437:s0022, qingshigao:437:s0023, qingshigao:464:s0183, qingshigao:464:s0205
Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0200, qingshigao:465:s0201
Source Date: Text: 二十年 · Western Year: AD 1894
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0016
Source Date: Text: 光緒二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:468:s0028
Source Date: Text: 光緒元年 · Western Year: AD 1875
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0011
Source Date: Text: 光緒四年 · Western Year: AD 1878
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:195:s0065, qingshigao:195:s0069
Source Date: Text: 同治初 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:437:s0005
Source Date: Text: 拳亂作 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:470:s0182
Source Date: Text: 明年 · Western Year: AD 1896
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:464:s0052
Source Date: Text: 論曰 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1875 · End: AD 1908
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0239

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Descendant of Tasgha (塔斯哈)
Kinship Term: grandfather / 祖 · Parentage: biological · Generation Distance: 2 · Line: paternal · Subject Role: paternal-grandfather · Object Role: grandson · Intermediary Person Ids: Changshou (長壽)
Child of Changshou (長壽)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Line: paternal

Origins and identity

Ethnicity: Manchu / 滿洲
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0001
Label: Manchu / 滿
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:195:s0069
Lineage: Guwalgiya clan / 瓜爾佳氏
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0001

Career and standing

Label: governor-general of Zhili / 直隸總督 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0021
Label: Grand Councilor / 樞廷 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0201
Label: Grand Councilor / 軍機大臣 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0023
Label: Metropolitan Infantry Commander / 步軍統領 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒元年 · Western Year: AD 1875
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0011
Label: Manchu Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate / 都察院滿左都御史 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒四年戊寅 · Western Year: AD 1878
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:195:s0069
Label: wing commander, Shenji Camp / 神機營翼長 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治初 · Western Year: AD 1862
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0005
Label: Associate Grand Secretary / 協辦大學士 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0019
Label: expectant circuit intendant in Zhili / 直隸候補道 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0004
Label: general at Xi'an / 西安將軍 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0015
Label: Left Censor-in-Chief / 左都御史 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0012
Label: Minister of War / 兵部尚書 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0019
Label: secretary, Ministry of Works / 工部主事 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0003
Label: superintendent of the Imperial Household Department / 總管內務府大臣 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0007
Label: vice minister of Works / 工部侍郎 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0007
Label: General of Fuzhou / 福州將軍 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0205
Label: Governor of the metropolitan region / 督畿輔 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0183
Label: Grand Secretary / 大學士 · Action: promoted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0021
Label: commander of the Left Wing / 左翼總兵 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0006
Label: Minister of Works / 工部尚書 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0012
Label: vice director / 員外郎 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0003
Label: vice minister of Revenue / 戶部侍郎 · Action: transferred
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0007
Label: posthumous Grand Tutor / 太傅 · Action: bestowed
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0035
Title: first-class baron / 一等男爵 · Action: advanced
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0035
Status: demoted · Action: entered · Detail: demoted two ranks for bribery impeachment
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0015

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:195:s0069, qingshigao:464:s0052
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:437:s0001
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0201
Organization: Plain White Banner / 正白旗 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0001

Learning and skills

Credential: yinsheng / 廕生 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0003

Works and attributed material

Kind: memorial · Role: author · About: opposed Cixi selecting palace eunuchs
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0013

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: official · Action: could not restrain Boxer attacks on legations
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0028, qingshigao:437:s0029
Kind: military · Role: organizer · Action: established Wuwei Army
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0025
Kind: flight · Role: companion · Action: fled-to-Baoding · Other Person Id: Chongqi (崇綺)
Explicit · qingshigao:468:s0028
Kind: political · Role: actor · Action: helped restore empress dowager regency and suppress reformers · Other Person Ids: Empress Dowager Cixi (慈禧皇太后), Yang Chongyi (楊崇伊), Kang Youwei (康有為), Tan Sitong (譚嗣同)
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0023
Kind: personnel · Role: officeholder · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒四年戊寅 · Western Year: AD 1878
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:195:s0069
Relation: appointed · Person Id: Xie Baosheng (謝寶勝) · Context: ordered him to command a rear battalion
Explicit · qingshigao:470:s0182
Relation: recommender-of · Person Id: Chen Baozhen (陳寶箴)
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0052
Relation: predecessor-of · Person Id: Yu Lu (裕祿)
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0201
Relation: recommended-by · Person Id: Wenxiang (文祥)
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0007
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Lin Xu (林旭)
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0205

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: enjoyed unmatched favor and trust of the empress dowager · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:437:s0036, qingshigao:437:s0037

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · qingshigao:195:s0069

References in the histories

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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 195Volume 195 Tables 35: Ministers of Boards and Courts Chronological Table 9 Lower · 1 passage

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全慶三月癸亥遷。恩承左都御史。五月辛亥遷。榮祿左都御史。癸亥遷。文煜左都御史。十二月癸卯遷。崇厚左都御史。志和署。 On the guihai day of the third month, 全慶 was transferred. 恩承: Left Censor-in-Chief. On the xinhai day of the fifth month, was transferred. 榮祿: Left Censor-in-Chief. On the guihai day, was transferred. 文煜: Left Censor-in-Chief. On the guimao day of the twelfth month, was transferred. 崇厚: Left Censor-in-Chief. 志和 served in an acting capacity.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 437Volume 437 Biographies 224: Rong Lu, Wang Wenshao, Zhang Zhidong, Qu Hongji · 15 passages

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榮祿，字仲華，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲正白旗人。 Rong Lu, whose courtesy name was Zhonghua, belonged to the Guwalgiya clan and was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner.

榮祿以廕生賞主事，隸工部，晉員外郎。 Through hereditary privilege as a yinsheng, Rong Lu received appointment as a secretary in the Ministry of Works and was later promoted to vice director.

榮祿言於恭親王，乃請頒詔，俟嗣皇帝有子，承繼穆宗。 Rong Lu urged Prince Gong to seek an edict providing that when the new emperor should have a son, that son would carry on Emperor Muzong's succession.

慈禧皇太后嘗欲自選宮監，榮祿奏非祖制，忤旨。 Empress Dowager Cixi once wanted to select palace eunuchs herself; Rong Lu submitted that this violated ancestral practice and thereby drew her displeasure.

會學士寶廷奏言滿大臣兼差多，乃解尚書及內務府差。 When Academician Bao Ting reported that Manchu ministers were holding too many concurrent appointments, Rong Lu was stripped of his ministry posts and his Imperial Household superintendency.

日本構釁，恭親王、慶親王督辦軍務，榮祿參其事。 When Japan provoked war, Princes Gong and Qing were put in charge of military affairs, and Rong Lu assisted them.

榮祿不自安，御史楊崇伊奏請太后再垂簾，於是太后复臨朝訓政，召榮祿為軍機大臣，以世凱代之，命查拿康有為，斬譚嗣同等六人於市，以上有疾，詔徵醫； Uneasy at these developments, Rong Lu watched as Censor Yang Chongyi asked the empress dowager to resume regency behind the curtain; the empress dowager then took up government again, recalled Rong Lu as a Grand Councilor, put Yuan Shikai in his former post, ordered Kang Youwei arrested, and had Tan Sitong and five others executed in public; because the emperor was said to be ill, physicians were summoned by edict;

復命榮祿管兵部，仍節制北洋海陸各軍。 Rong Lu was again put in charge of the Ministry of War and retained overall command of Beiyang land and naval forces.

榮祿乃奏設武衛軍，以聶士成駐蘆臺為前軍，董福祥駐薊州為後軍，宋慶駐山海關為左軍，世凱駐小站為右軍，而自募萬人為中軍，駐南苑。 Rong Lu then proposed the Wuwei Army: Nie Shicheng at Lutai as the Front Army, Dong Fuxiang at Jizhou as the Rear Army, Song Qing at Shanhaiguan as the Left Army, Yuan Shikai at Xiaozhan as the Right Army, while he personally raised ten thousand men for the Central Army at the Southern Park.

時太后議廢帝，立端王載漪子溥俊為穆宗嗣，患外人為梗，用榮祿言，改稱「大阿哥」。 The empress dowager then considered deposing the emperor and naming Prince Duan's son Pujun as heir to Muzong's line; fearing foreign interference, she followed Rong Lu's counsel and styled the boy "Great Elder Brother" instead.

榮祿不能阻，載漪等益橫，京師大亂，駢戮忠諫大臣。 Rong Lu could not restrain them; Prince Duan's faction grew ever more arrogant; the capital descended into chaos, and loyal ministers who remonstrated were slaughtered in groups.

榮祿踉蹌入言，太后厲色斥之。 Rong Lu stumbled in to remonstrate, but the empress dowager sharply rebuked him.

榮祿請赴行在，不許，命為留京辦事大臣。 Rong Lu asked to join the traveling court but was refused and appointed minister left in Beijing to manage affairs.

榮祿久直內廷，得太后信仗。 Rong Lu had long served at the inner court and enjoyed the empress dowager's full trust.

榮祿屢參大變，文韶久達世務。 Rong Lu took part repeatedly in great crises; Wenshao had long mastered affairs of state.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 464Volume 464 Biographies 251: Li Duanfen, Xu Zhijingzi, Ren Zhu, Chen Baozhen, Huang Zunxian, Ceng He, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Tan Sitong With: Tang Caichang, Lin Xu, Kang Guangren · 3 passages

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明年，以榮祿薦，擢湖南巡撫。 The following year, on Ronglu's recommendation, he was made Governor of Hunan.

時榮祿督畿輔，袁世凱以監司練兵天津。 At the time Ronglu governed the metropolitan region, and Yuan Shikai, as a surveillance commissioner, trained troops at Tianjin.

榮祿先為福州將軍，雅好閩士，及至天津，延旭入幕。 Ronglu, formerly General of Fuzhou, had long favored Fujian scholars; when he went to Tianjin he brought Xu onto his staff.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 465Volume 465 Biographies 252: Xu Tong With: Yu Shi, Yu Shi Son: Cheng Yu, Gang Yi, Zhao Shuqiao, Qi Xiu, Ying Nian, Yu Lu With: Ting Yong, Yu Xian With: Li Tingxiao · 1 passage

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會徵榮祿入樞廷，遂代之督直隸。 When Ronglu entered the Grand Council, Yu Lu replaced him as viceroy of Zhili.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 1 passage

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榮祿慮激變，馳書慰解之，士成覆書曰：「匪害民，必至害國！ Ronglu feared provoking a crisis and sent a letter to calm him; Shicheng replied: "These bandits harm the people and will surely harm the state!

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 468Volume 468 Biographies 255: Chong Qi Son: Bao Chu Deng, Zhi Jun, Yan Mao Younger Brother: Yan Zhi, Se Pu Zheng E, Wang Yirong, Xi Yuan, Zong Shibaofeng, Zong Shishoufu Younger Brother: Shou Fandeng, Song Chengxiang, Wang Tieshan · 4 passages

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事敗，隨榮祿走保定，居蓮池書院，自縊死。 When the movement collapsed, he fled with Rong Lu to Baoding, took lodging at the Lotus Pond Academy, and hanged himself.

榮祿以聞，賜奠醊，入祀昭忠祠，諡文節。 Rong Lu reported his death; the court granted libation offerings, enshrined him in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty, and gave him the posthumous title Wenjie.

及拳亂起，乃上書榮祿，言董福祥軍宜託故令離畿甸，然後解散拳民，謂「董為禍根，拳其枝葉耳」。 When the Boxer uprising broke out, he wrote to Rong Lu urging that Dong Fuxiang's army be sent away from the capital on some pretext before disbanding the Boxers, declaring: 'Dong is the root of the calamity; the Boxers are only its branches and leaves.'

榮祿不省。 Rong Lu paid no heed.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 470Volume 470 Biographies 257: Zhi Rui, With: Liu Congde, Chun Xun, Liang Bi, Zong Shizaimu, Wan Xuan With: De Pei, Tong Yuan, Wen Rui With: Cheng Yan, Ke Meng E, Heng Ling With: De Pei, Pu Shou, Xie Baosheng, Yao Aiyun, Huang Zhonghao, Yang Rang Li Cong Zi Xu : Chen Qi · 1 passage

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拳亂作，柴洪山統武衛護軍，榮祿檄領前路後營，已留河南，更名精銳軍，領左營，尋筦豫北軍。 When the Boxers rose, Chai Hongshan commanded the Wuwei Guard. Ronglu ordered Baosheng to lead a rear battalion in Henan; the unit was renamed the Elite Army, and he soon took command of forces in northern Henan.