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Overview Names Identity Roles Life and dates Family Career and standing Places and affiliations Works and attributed material Events and relationships Assessments and attributes Source notes References in the histories
Overview The translated histories identify Yang Xingmi as a general, ruler, and warlord. This record brings together 48 passages from 7 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names Type English Chinese Pinyin
Personal
Yang Xingmi
楊行密
Yang Xingmi
Personal
Yang Xingmi
楊行密
Yáng Xíngmì
Personal name
Yang Xingmi
楊行密
Yang Xingmi
Personal name
Yang Xingmi
楊行密
Yáng Xíngmì
Identity
Historicity Historical
Identification Named
Sex Male Life and dates Death Attested activity Source Date: Text: from Jingren's youth through Tianyou-era activityWestern Year: AD 905
Source Date: Text: 乾寧二年三月Western Year: AD 895
Source Date: Text: 乾寧四年Western Year: AD 897
Source Date: Text: 事楊行密Western Interval: Start: AD 887End: AD 905
Source Date: Text: 天復二年至天祐初Western Interval: Start: AD 902End: AD 904
Source Date: Text: 天祐中以後Western Interval: Start: AD 904End: AD 905
Source Date: Text: 梁兵攻楊行密Western Year: AD 906
Source Date: Text: 楊行密攻杜洪Western Interval: Start: AD 902End: AD 905
Family
Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.
Parent of Yang Wo (渥) Kinship Term: son / 子Parentage: biologicalSubject Role: fatherObject Role: sonKinship Term: son / 子Parentage: biologicalSubject Role: fatherObject Role: sonKinship Term: son / 子Parentage: biologicalSubject Role: sonObject Role: father
Spouse of Wife of Yang Xingmi (楊行密妻) Kinship Term: wife / 妻Union Category: marriageSubject Role: husbandObject Role: wifeRelationship State: active
Places and affiliations Polity: HuainanRelation: ruler-of
Polity: Wu / 吳Relation: ruled
Place: Huainan / 淮南Relation: ruled
Works and attributed material Kind: speech ·
Role: speaker ·
Provenance: Mode: direct-speechSpeaker Person Id: Yang Xingmi (楊行密) Events and relationships Kind: military ·
Role: attacker ·
Action: attacked Zhang Sui ·
Other Person Id: Zhang Sui (張遂) Assessments and attributes References in the histories Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 16 Volume 16 Book of Later Liang 16: Biographies 6: Ge Congzhou, Xie Yanzhang, He Zhen, Zhang Guiba, Zhang Guihou, Zhang Guibian · 1 passage
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17 Volume 17 Book of Later Liang 17: Biographies 7: Cheng Rui, Du Hong, Tian Yun, Zhao Kuangning, Zhang Ji, Lei Man · 27 passages
楊行密以兵圍鄂州，汭出師以援鄂，淮寇乘之，以火焚其艦，汭投江而死。
When Yang Xingmi besieged Ezhou, Rui sailed to relieve it; the Huainan fleet burned his ships and he drowned himself in the river.
後因汭生辰，淮南楊行密遣使致禮幣之外，仍貺《初學記》一部。
On Rui's birthday Yang Xingmi sent gifts from Huainan—and added a copy of the 《Elementary Studies》.
及為楊行密所攻，洪、傳首尾相應，皆遣求援於太祖；
When Yang Xingmi attacked them, Hong and Chuan backed each other and both appealed to the Founder;
及行密乘勝急攻洪、鄂，洪復乞師於太祖；
When Xingmi pressed the attack on Hong and E, Hong again begged the Founder for troops;
尋為楊行密所敗，其地亦入於淮夷。
Soon Yang Xingmi defeated them and Jiangxi too passed to Huainan.
唐天祐初，楊行密雄據淮海，時頵為宣州節度使，延壽為壽州刺史。
Early in Tianyou, Yang Xingmi dominated the Huai-Hai region; Yun held Xuancheng and Yanshou held Shou prefecture.
頵以行密專恣跋扈，嘗移書諷之曰：「侯王守方，以奉天子，古之制也。
Finding Yang Xingmi arrogant, Yun wrote to admonish him: "Princes are meant to guard their lands for the Son of Heaven—that is the ancient order.
行密怒曰：「今財賦之行，必由於汴，適足以資於敵也。」
Xingmi snapped, "Revenue now must pass through Bian—that only feeds our enemy."
不數月，事微泄，行密乃先以公牒征延壽，
Within months the plot leaked; Xingmi summoned Yanshou by official order,
〈（《新唐書》：行密妻，延壽姊也，遣辯士召延壽。
(The 《New Book of Tang》 says Xingmi's wife was Yanshou's sister and sent a persuader to call him.
次悉兵攻宣城，頵戎力寡薄，棄壁走，不能越境，為行密軍所得。
Xingmi then attacked Xuancheng; Yun, outmatched, fled the walls but was caught before he could escape the prefecture.
〈（《九國志》：行密別遣台濛、王茂章率步騎以往，頵委舟師於汪建、王壇，自出廣德迎戰，大為濛所敗，遂率殘眾遁保宛陵。
(The 《Nine Kingdoms Annals》 says Xingmi sent Tai Meng and Wang Maozhang by land; Yun entrusted the fleet to Wang Jian and Wang Tan, then fought at Guangde, was routed, and fled to Wanyang with survivors.
壇、建聞其敗，因盡以舟師歸款於行密。
Wang Tan and Wang Jian heard of the defeat and surrendered the whole fleet to Xingmi.
延壽飛騎赴命，邇揚州一舍，行密使人殺之。
Yanshou galloped toward Yangzhou; a stage short of the city, Xingmi's men killed him.
〈（《五代史補》：楊行密據淮南，以妻弟朱氏眾謂之朱三郎者，行密署為泗州防禦使。
(The 《Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties》 says Xingmi made his brother-in-law Zhu, called Third Master Zhu, defense commissioner of Sizhou.
泗州素屯軍，朱氏驍勇，到任恃眾自負，行密雖悔，度力未能製，但姑息之，時議以謂行密事勢去矣。
Sizhou was garrison country; Zhu was fierce and swaggered in office while Xingmi, unable to curb him, only indulged him—observers thought Xingmi had lost his grip.
居無何，行密得目疾，雖愈，且詐稱失明，其出入皆以人扶策，不爾則觸牆抵柱，至於流血，姬妾仆隸以為實然，往往無禮，首尾僅三年。
Soon he suffered an eye ailment; though healed, he feigned blindness for nearly three years, needing guides and colliding with walls until servants and concubines took it for truth and grew insolent.
朱氏聞之，信而少懈馳，行密度其計必中，謂妻曰：「吾不幸臨老兩目如此，男女輩幼，苟不諱，則國家為他人所有。
Zhu believed the blindness and relaxed his guard; Xingmi, sure his ruse had worked, told his wife: "I am old and blind, the children young—if we do not act, our realm will pass to another.
及入謁，行密恐其覺，坐於中堂，以家人禮見。
Fearing discovery, Xingmi received him in the central hall with family rites.
朱氏頗有德色，方設拜，行密奮袖中鐵槌以擊之，正中其首，然猶宛轉號叫，久而方斃。
As Zhu bowed, Xingmi struck him from his sleeve with an iron mallet; Zhu twisted and screamed a long while before he died.
行密內外不測，即時升堂廳，召將吏等謂之曰：「吾所以稱兩目失明者，蓋為朱三。
The court was stunned; Xingmi mounted the hall and told his officers: "I only pretended blindness for Zhu the Third.
初，行密之在民間也，嘗為合肥縣手力，有過，縣令將鞭之，行密懼且拜。
Once, as a corvée laborer in Hefei county, he faced a magistrate's whip and bowed in terror.
會有客自外入，見行密每拜，則廳之前簷皆叩地，而令不之覺。
A visitor saw each bow shake the eaves to the ground while the magistrate noticed nothing.
行密度本郡不足依，乃投高駢。
Finding Hefei too small, he entered Gao Pian's service.
駢死，秦彥、孫儒等作亂，行密連誅之，遂有淮南之地。）〉
After Pian's death he destroyed Qin Yan and Sun Ru and seized Huainan.)〉
行密見之，曰：「君在鎮，輕車重馬輸於賊，今敗，乃歸我邪！」
Xingmi greeted him: "You fed the enemy from your post—now you come to me defeated?"
《歐陽史》云：行密厚遇匡凝，其後行密死，楊渥稍不禮之。
Ouyang's 《History》 says Xingmi treated Kuangning well, but after Xingmi's death Yang Wo grew rude to him.
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20 Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 1 passage
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23 Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 8 passages
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 32 Volume 32 Biographies of Martyrs to Virtue 12: Wang Yanzhang · 1 passage
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 35 Volume 35 Biographies 15: Zhan Wenyu, Yang She, Zhang Ce, Zhao Guangfeng, Xue Yiju, Su Xun · 1 passage
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41 Volume 41 Miscellaneous Biographies 21: Lu Guangchou, Tan Quanbo, Lei Man, Zhong Chuan, Zhao Kuangning · 9 passages
楊行密攻杜洪於鄂州，荊南成汭出兵救洪，汭戰敗，溺死於君山。
Yang Xingmi besieged Du Hong at Ezhou. Cheng Ru of Jingnan sailed to his aid, was beaten, and drowned off Jun Hill.
彥恭附于楊行密，亦嘗攻劫為荊、湖患。
Yan Gong allied with Yang Xingmi but kept raiding as well, plaguing Jing and the lake country.
三年，彥恭奔于楊行密，馬殷擒其弟彥雄等七人送于梁，斬于汴市，彥恭卒於淮南，澧、朗遂入于楚。
In year 3 Yan Gong fled to Yang Xingmi. Ma Yin seized his brother Yan Xiong and six others, sent the seven captives to Liang, and had them beheaded in Bian. Yan Gong died in Huainan. Li and Lang passed to Chu.
江夏伶人杜洪者，亦據鄂州，楊行密屢攻之，洪頗倚傳為首尾。
Du Hong, a Jiangxia player turned warlord, held Ezhou. Yang Xingmi struck him again and again, and Hong counted on Chuan to guard his back.
晉王李克用遣人以書幣假道於匡凝，以聘於楊行密，求歸儼等。
Li Keyong of Jin sent envoys with letters and gifts to ask passage through Kuangning’s lands and an audience with Yang Xingmi, seeking Yan and his men back.
太祖遣楊師厚攻之，太祖以兵殿漢北，匡凝戰敗，以輕舟奔於楊行密。
Zhu Wen sent Yang Shihou against him and marched in person on the Han north. Kuangning broke, took a light boat, and fled to Yang Xingmi.
匡凝至廣陵，行密見之，戲曰：「君在鎮時，輕車重馬，歲輸於梁，今敗乃歸我乎？」
At Guangling Yang Xingmi greeted him with a jest: “In your own domain you sent light carts and heavy horses every year to Liang. Broken now, you run to me?”
行密厚遇之。
Yang Xingmi treated him with honor.
其後行密死，楊渥稍不禮之。
When Xingmi died, his son Yang Wo grew cold toward him.