Abaoji (阿保機) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Abaoji as a ruler and tribal leader. This record brings together 23 passages from 6 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Abaoji	阿保機	Abaoji
Personal name	Abaoji	阿保機	Abaoji
Native language name	Abaoji	阿保機
Personal name	Abaoji	阿保機	Ābǎojī
Temple	Emperor Taizu	太祖	Taizu
Title	Great Sage Emperor	大聖皇帝	Dàshèng Huángdì
Personal	Khitan's Abaoji	契丹阿保機
Temple name	Taizu	太祖	Tàizǔ
Temple	Taizu	太祖	Tàizǔ
Title	Taizu Emperor	太祖皇帝

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:057:s0018, liaoshi:031:s0024
Sex: male
Explicit · liaoshi:030:s0079, xinwudaishi:002:s0010
Value: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:073:s0025

Roles

Ruler
Tribal Leader

Life and dates

Death

Western Year: AD 926
Derived · xinwudaishi:073:s0042

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 應曆5年 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Regnal Year: 5 · Western Year: AD 955
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:006:s0095
Source Date: Text: 應曆6年 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 956
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:006:s0102
Source Date: Text: AD 916-926 · Western Year: AD 916
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:030:s0079
Western Interval: Start: AD 916 · End: AD 926 · Source Date: Text: Chronology stated or entailed by s0025, s0042
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:073:s0025, xinwudaishi:073:s0042
Source Date: Text: 乾化元年夏四月壬申 · Western Year: AD 911
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:002:s0102
Source Date: Text: 十八年 · Western Year: AD 921
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:057:s0016, jiuwudaishi:057:s0018
Source Date: Text: 太祖 · Western Interval: Start: AD 916 · End: AD 926
Explicit · liaoshi:031:s0024, liaoshi:031:s0029
Source Date: Text: 开平二年二月辛未 · Western Year: AD 908
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:002:s0031
Source Date: Text: 开平元年 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:002:s0010

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Ancestor of Yelü Dashi (耶律大石)
Kinship Term: eighth-generation grandson / 八代孫 · Generation Distance: 8 · Line: paternal
Spouse of Empress Dowager Shulü (述律)
Kinship Term: husband / 夫
Kin of Emperor Shizong (世宗)
Kinship Term: legitimate grandson / 嫡孫
Kin of Yelü Bei (耶律倍)
Kinship Term: son / 子

Origins and identity

Ethnicity: Khitan / 契丹
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0010

Career and standing

Title: Great Sage Emperor
Explicit · xinwudaishi:073:s0025

Places and affiliations

Polities: liao, Khitan
Explicit · xinwudaishi:073:s0025
Polity: Khitan / 契丹 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0010
Polity Id: liao · Relation: ruled
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:057:s0018
Polity Id: liao · Relation: ruled
Explicit · liaoshi:006:s0095, liaoshi:031:s0021, liaoshi:031:s0024
Place: Zuzhou / Mount Muye tomb complex · Association: tomb
Explicit · xinwudaishi:073:s0040, xinwudaishi:073:s0044
Place: tomb twenty li southeast of Zu prefecture / 祖州東南二十里 · Relation: buried-at
Explicit · liaoshi:031:s0033

Events and relationships

Kind: institutional · Role: founder · Action: established · Label: Hongyi Palace / 弘義宮 · Organization: Suan orudo / 算斡魯朵 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 弘義宮 · Western Interval: Start: AD 916 · End: AD 926
Explicit · liaoshi:031:s0029
Kind: diplomatic · Role: sender · Action: sent-envoy · Other Person Id: Paoju Meilao (袍笏梅老)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0010

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 57Volume 57 Book of Later Tang 33: Biographies 9: Gao Chongtao · 1 passage

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崇韜曰：「阿保機隻為王都所誘，本利貨財，非敦鄰好，苟前鋒小衄，遁走必矣。 Guo Chongtao said, "Abaoji was lured here by Wang Du alone. He came for loot, not out of genuine alliance. If our vanguard inflicts even a minor defeat, he is certain to flee.

History of Liao, Chapter 6Volume 6 Annals 6: Muzong 1 · 2 passages

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十二月乙丑朔，謁太祖廟。 On the yichou new moon of the twelfth month the Emperor visited Taizu's temple.

十二月己未朔，謁太祖廟。 On the jiwei new moon of the twelfth month he visited Emperor Taizu's temple.

History of Liao, Chapter 30Volume 30 Annals 30: Emperor Tianzuo 4: Ye Luchun, Ye Luyali, Ye Ludashi and Son: Yilie, Yi Lie and Younger Sister: Pu Suwan, Yi Lieci and Son: Zhilugu · 5 passages

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大石字重德，太祖八代孫也。 Dashi's style was Chongde; he was the eighth-generation grandson of Taizu.

即立十淳，皆太祖子孫，豈不勝乞命於他人耶？」 To set up the ten Chuns — all are Taizu's descendants — is surely better than begging life from others, is it not?"

先遺書回鶻王畢勒哥曰：「昔我太祖皇帝北征，過卜古罕城，[7]即遣使至甘州，詔爾祖烏母主曰：『汝思故國耶，朕即為汝復之； First he sent a letter to Uighur king Bilgege, saying, "Formerly our Taizu Emperor on the northern campaign passed Buguhan city, [7] and at once sent envoys to Ganzhou, proclaiming to your ancestor Wumu, saying, 'If you think of the old state, I shall restore it for you;

以青牛白馬祭天，樹旗以誓于眾曰：「我大遼自太祖、太宗艱難而成帝業，其後嗣君耽樂無厭，不恤國政，盜賊蠭起，天下土崩。 With green ox and white horse he sacrificed to Heaven, raised a banner, and swore to the masses, saying, "Our Great Liao from Taizu and Taizong with hardship achieved the imperial enterprise; afterward the succeeding lords indulged without satiety, did not care for state affairs, bandits swarmed like bees, and the realm collapsed.

太祖、太宗乘百戰之勢，輯新造之邦，英謀略，可謂遠矣。 Taizu and Taizong rode the momentum of a hundred battles and gathered a newly forged state; their heroic stratagem and design may be called far-sighted indeed.

History of Liao, Chapter 31Volume 31 Treatises 1: Management of Guards 1 · 4 passages

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太祖曰弘義宮，應天皇后曰長寧宮，太宗曰永興宮，世宗曰積慶宮。 Taizu: Hongyi Palace; Empress Yingtian: Changning Palace; Taizong: Yongxing Palace; Shizong: Jiqing Palace.

算斡魯朵，太祖置。 The Suan orudo, established by Taizu.

以太祖平渤海俘戶，東京、懷州提轄司及雲州懷仁縣、澤州灤河縣等戶置。 It was established from Taizu's Bohai captives, the Tokyo and Huaizhou supervisory offices, and households of Huairen county in Yun prefecture, Luanhe county in Ze prefecture, and the like.

以文獻皇帝衛從及太祖俘戶，及雲州提轄司，並高、宜等州戶置。 It was established from the Literary Emperor's guard retinue and Taizu's captives, the Yun prefecture supervisory office, and households of Gao, Yi, and other prefectures.