Song, Liao, and Jin · Ruler

Emperor Gaozong 高宗

Gaozong

Attested AD 1127 - AD 1186

Passages
89
Chapters
5
Histories
1

Overview

The translated histories identify Emperor Gaozong as a royal family member and ruler. This record brings together 89 passages from 5 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal Emperor Gaozong 高宗 Gaozong
Temple Emperor Gaozong 高宗 Gaozong
Title Emperor Gaozong of Song 宋高宗
Temple Gaozong 高宗
Temple Gaozong 高宗 Gaozong
Temple name Gaozong 高宗 Gaozong
Title Prince Kang 康王
Title Retired Emperor 太上皇帝
Title Retired Emperor 上皇
Title the emperor 上

Identity

Historicity
Historical
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Royal Family Member
  • Ruler

Life and dates

Age

  • Age: 70 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 淳熙二年…新歲七十 · Western Year: AD 1175
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0139
  • Age: 80 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 淳熙十三年…聖壽八十 · Western Year: AD 1186
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0146
  • Statement: 春秋鼎盛 (in the prime of life) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1135
    Explicit · songshi:359:s0147, songshi:359:s0022

Attested activity

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Career and standing

Places and affiliations

Works and attributed material

Events and relationships

  • Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: birthday-festival-requested · Label: Tianshen Festival / 天申節 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 建炎元年 · Western Year: AD 1127
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0096
  • Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: birthday-rites-restored-discussion · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 紹興十三年 · Western Year: AD 1143
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0102, songshi:112:s0106, songshi:112:s0107
  • Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: birthday-rites-suspended · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 建炎元年 · Western Year: AD 1127
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0097, songshi:112:s0100
  • Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: eightieth-birthday-rite · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 淳熙十三年 · Western Year: AD 1186
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0146
  • Kind: political · Role: issuer · Action: issued-edict-on-holidays · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 建炎元年十一月五日 · Western Year: AD 1127
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0162
  • Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: long-life-celebration · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 淳熙二年 · Western Year: AD 1175
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0139, songshi:112:s0141
  • Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: mourned-and-gifted · Other Person Id: Li Gang (李綱) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 次年 · Western Year: AD 1140
    Explicit · songshi:359:s0215, songshi:359:s0214
  • Kind: ritual · Role: officiant · Action: performed-xia-sacrifice · Place: Wenzhou / 溫州 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 紹興二年 · Western Year: AD 1132
    Explicit · songshi:107:s0127
  • Kind: ritual · Role: officiant · Action: performed-xia-sacrifice · Place: Hongzhou / 洪州 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 高宗建炎二年 · Western Year: AD 1128
    Explicit · songshi:107:s0126
  • Kind: political · Role: issuer · Action: praised-li-gang · Other Person Id: Li Gang (李綱) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1135
    Explicit · songshi:359:s0152, songshi:359:s0022
  • Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: received-birthday-congratulations · Place: Palace of Virtuous Longevity / 德壽宮 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 隆興元年 · Western Year: AD 1163
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0112
  • Relation: trusted · Person Id: Qin Hui (秦檜)
    Explicit · songshi:359:s0224
  • Relation: trusted · Person Id: Wang Boyan (汪伯彥)
    Explicit · songshi:359:s0224
  • Relation: trusted · Person Id: Huang Qianshan (黃潛善)
    Explicit · songshi:359:s0224

Assessments and attributes

Source notes

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Song, Chapter 107Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 · 4 passages
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History of Song, Chapter 112Volume 112 Treatises 65: Rites 15 · 17 passages
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恭惟陛下撫艱難之運，憂勤在禦，兢兢業業，圖濟中興，孝德通於神明，皇天為之悔禍，長樂還闕，適當誕節之前，陛下以 天下養，獲伸宮闈上壽之儀，臣民得於觀聽，天下無不欣慶，所以崇大養而成孝理之功者，既以盡善盡美矣。 Respectfully considering that Your Majesty has embraced a difficult destiny, labored anxiously upon the throne, been cautious and fearful, and sought restoration, filial virtue has reached the spirits and Heaven has turned back calamity. Everlasting Joy has returned to the palace just before the birthday festival. Your Majesty, nourishing the realm with the realm, has been able to extend the palace birthday rite; officials and people have witnessed it, and none under Heaven has failed to rejoice. In exalting great nourishment to accomplish the work of governing through filial piety, the achievement is already complete in goodness and beauty.
前導官導皇帝升殿東階，詣殿折檻前北向褥位，再拜， 躬奏聖躬萬福，再拜，皇帝詣太上皇帝御坐之東褥位西向立，前導官於殿上隨地之宜立。 The advance guide led the emperor up the eastern steps of the hall to the cushioned place north of the hall balustrade, where he bowed twice, bowed and reported the Retired Emperor’s well-being, and bowed again. The emperor went to the cushioned place east of the Retired Emperor’s imperial seat and stood facing west, while the advance guide stood on the upper hall wherever the ground was suitable.
次舍人揖皇太子並文武百僚躬，典儀曰“再拜”，讚者承傳，在位官皆再 拜，搢笏舞蹈，又再拜，皇太子不離位，奏聖躬萬福，各再拜，直身，分東西相向立。 Next the usher bowed to the heir apparent and all civil and military officials. The master of ceremonies said “Bow twice,” the caller transmitted it, and every official present bowed twice, inserted tablets, performed the treading dance, and bowed again. The heir apparent did not leave his place and reported the Retired Emperor’s well-being. Each bowed again, straightened up, and divided to stand facing each other east and west.
內侍進禦茶床，尚醞典禦以盤盞、酒注授殿中監、少監，次禮直官引奉盤盞官詣酒尊所北向，殿中監啟盞，殿中少監注酒，奉盤盞官奉酒詣皇帝前北向，禮直官引受 盤盞官詣太上皇帝御坐前，西向立，皇太子並文武百僚橫行北向立。 Inner attendants advanced the imperial tea table. The Imperial Cellar Director handed tray, cup, and wine pitcher to the Director and Deputy Director of the Palace Directorate. Next the ritual officer led the tray-and-cup presenter to the wine altar facing north. The Director opened the cup, the Deputy Director poured the wine, and the presenter bore the wine before the emperor facing north. The ritual officer led the receiver before the Retired Emperor’s imperial seat, where he stood facing west, while the heir apparent and all civil and military officials stood in horizontal ranks facing north.
皇帝詣御坐 東，西向立，奉盤盞官以盤北向恭進，皇帝奉盤，樂作，俟太上皇帝飲酒，皇帝躬接盞訖，皇帝少後，以盤盞授受盤盞官，以授殿中監，各復位立。 The emperor went east of the imperial seat and stood facing west. The tray-and-cup presenter respectfully advanced the tray facing north, and the emperor received it. Music sounded. When the Retired Emperor had finished drinking, the emperor personally received the cup, withdrew slightly, handed the tray and cup to the receiver, who handed them to the Director of the Palace Directorate. Each returned to place and stood.
皇帝詣太上御坐東褥位西向立，皇太子、文武百僚再拜，搢笏舞蹈，又再拜訖，內侍舉茶床，奏禮畢官北向俯伏 跪奏：“具官臣某言禮畢。” The emperor went to the cushioned place east of the Retired Emperor’s imperial seat and stood facing west. The heir apparent and all civil and military officials bowed twice, inserted tablets, performed the treading dance, and bowed again. When finished, inner attendants raised the tea table. The rites-completion reporter, facing north, prostrated himself, knelt, and reported: “Official of full rank, your subject So-and-so, reports that the rites are complete.”
淳熙二年十一月，詔：“太上皇帝聖壽無疆，新歲七十，以十 一日冬至加上尊號冊寶，十二月十七日立春行慶壽禮。” In the eleventh month of the second year of Chunxi (1175), an edict stated: “The Retired Emperor’s sacred life is without limit; in the new year he will be seventy. On the eleventh day, the winter solstice, superior honorific title tablets and seals shall be added; on the seventeenth day of the twelfth month, the beginning of spring, the long-life celebration rite shall be performed.”
History of Song, Chapter 197Volume 197 Treatises 150: Military 11 · 1 passage
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History of Song, Chapter 359Volume 359 Biographies 118: Li Gang 2 · 39 passages
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臣竊觀陛下有聰明睿智之姿，有英武敢為之志，然自臨禦，迨今九年，國不辟而日蹙，事不立而日壞，將驕而難禦，卒惰而未練，國用匱而無贏餘之蓄，民力困而無休息之期。 Your minister privately observes that Your Majesty possesses a brilliant and discerning mind and a bold, resolute will, yet in the nine years since ascending the throne the realm has not expanded but daily contracts; affairs are not established but daily worsen; generals are arrogant and hard to control; soldiers are lax and untrained; state finances are depleted with no surplus in store; and the people are exhausted with no respite in sight.
惟陛下正心以正朝廷百官，使君子小人各得其分，則是非明，賞罰當，自然藩方協力，將士用命，雖強敵不足畏，逆臣不足憂，此特在陛下方寸之間耳。 If Your Majesty would only set your own heart right to set the court and all officials right — letting the upright and the corrupt each keep to their proper place — right and wrong would be clear, rewards and punishments would be just, the frontier regions would naturally pull together, and troops would follow orders willingly. Then even a mighty enemy would hold no terror, and even traitors would merit no anxiety. All of this rests within the compass of Your Majesty's own mind.
綱奏乞益飭戰守之具，修築沿淮城壘，且言：「願陛下勿以去冬驟勝而自怠，勿以目前粗定而自安，凡可以致中興之治者無不為，凡可以害中興之業者無不去。 Li Gang memorialized asking that equipment for battle and defense be further strengthened and fortifications built along the Huai, and said: "I pray Your Majesty will not grow lax after last winter's sudden victories, nor grow complacent because the frontier is roughly stable — do everything that can advance restoration, and remove everything that can harm it.
History of Song, Chapter 469Volume 469 Biographies 228: Eunuchs 4: Shao Chengzhang, Lan Gui Kanglu, Feng Yi, Zhang Quwei, Chen Yuan, Gan Bian, Wang Deqian, Guan Li, Dong Songchen · 28 passages
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