Song Huizong (宋徽宗)

Overview

The translated histories identify Song Huizong as a ruler. This record brings together 12 passages from 8 chapters across 5 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Song Huizong	宋徽宗	Huizong
Title	Emperor	帝
Temple	Emperor Huizong	徽宗	Huīzōng
Temple name	Emperor Huizong of Song	徽宗	Huizong
Title	Emperor Huizong of Song	宋徽宗	Song Huizong
Temple name	Huizong	徽	Hui
Temple name	Huizong	徽宗	Huīzōng
Temple name	Huizong	徽宗	Huizong
Temple	Huizong	徽宗	Huizong
Title	One of the Two Sovereigns	二聖之一
Title	Retired Emperor	上皇	Shanghuang
Temple	Song Huizong	宋徽宗	Sòng Huīzōng
Temple name	Song Huizong	宋徽宗	Sòng Huīzōng
Title	Supreme Emperor, Lord Who Teaches the Way	教主道君太上皇帝	Jiaozhu Daojun Taishang Huangdi

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jinshi:127:s0064, mingshi:122:s0082, songshi:110:s0047, songshi:144:s0221
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:074:s0099, songshi:112:s0043, songshi:118:s0159, songshi:359:s0188

Roles

Ruler

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 去年春，兩宮凶問既至 · Western Year: AD 1137 · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report
Explicit · songshi:359:s0192
Statement: posthumous name reported by envoy · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 紹興七年 · Western Year: AD 1137
Explicit · songshi:110:s0148

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 去年春，兩宮凶問既至 · Western Year: AD 1137
Explicit event contextual date · songshi:359:s0192, songshi:359:s0184
Source Date: Text: 大觀二年 · Western Year: AD 1108
Explicit event contextual date · songshi:118:s0159, songshi:118:s0160
Source Date: Text: 天會六年策問 · Western Year: AD 1128
Explicit event contextual date · jinshi:127:s0064
Source Date: Text: 宋徽宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1100 · End: AD 1126
Strongly inferred · mingshi:122:s0082
Source Date: Text: 宋徽宗嗣位 · Western Year: AD 1100
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0099
Source Date: Text: 崇寧元年 · Western Year: AD 1102
Explicit event contextual date · songshi:144:s0221
Source Date: Text: 徽宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1100 · End: AD 1126
Strongly inferred · songshi:112:s0043
Source Date: Text: 徽宗北狩 · Western Year: AD 1127
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:085:s0110
Source Date: Text: 徽宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1100
Explicit · songshi:110:s0143
Source Date: Text: 政和三年 · Western Year: AD 1113
Explicit · songshi:112:s0160
Source Date: Text: 紹興七年 · Western Year: AD 1137
Explicit · songshi:110:s0148
Source Date: Text: 迎還兩宮 · Western Year: AD 1135
Explicit event contextual date · songshi:359:s0138, songshi:359:s0022
Source Date: Text: 重和元年 · Western Year: AD 1118
Explicit event contextual date · songshi:118:s0198, songshi:118:s0204
Source Date: Text: 靖康元年 · Western Year: AD 1126
Explicit · songshi:110:s0047

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Ancestor of Han Shantong (韓山童)
Generation Distance: 8
Parent of Emperor Qinzong of Song (宋欽宗)
Kinship Term: father-son emperors / 父子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Emperor Gaozong (高宗)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Gaozong (高宗)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Spouse of Ningde (寧德)
Kinship Term: Ningde / 寧德 · Union Category: primary-marriage
Parent of Prince of Jia (嘉王)
Kinship Term: prince / 王 · Parentage: biological · Line: paternal
Parent of Prince of Ding (定王)
Kinship Term: prince / 王 · Parentage: biological · Line: paternal

Career and standing

Title: Supreme Emperor, Lord Who Teaches the Way / 教主道君太上皇帝 · Action: received
Explicit · songshi:110:s0047
Role: abdicated
Explicit · songshi:110:s0047

Places and affiliations

Label: Song / 宋 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · jinshi:127:s0200
Label: Song / 宋 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · songshi:118:s0159
Polity: Song / 宋 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · songshi:112:s0043, songshi:144:s0221
Place: Longde Palace / 龍德宮 · Relation: resided-at
Explicit · songshi:110:s0047

Works and attributed material

Kind: edict · Role: author · Quoted: true
Explicit · songshi:118:s0160, songshi:118:s0161, songshi:118:s0162

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: augmented-yuanfu-empress-honors · Other Person Id: Empress Yuanfu (元符皇后) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 崇寧元年 · Western Year: AD 1102
Explicit · songshi:144:s0221, songshi:144:s0224
Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: birthday-festival-established · Label: Tianning Festival / 天寧節
Explicit · songshi:112:s0043
Kind: political · Role: captive · Action: driven-north
Explicit · songshi:359:s0188, songshi:359:s0221
Kind: travel · Role: captive · Action: taken-north
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:085:s0110

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Jin, Chapter 127Volume 127 Biographies 65: Xiao You, Wendihanwolubu, Chen Yan, Liu Yu, Meng Xing, Wang Zhen, Liu Zheng, Yin Yi, Chu Chengliang, Wang Qufei, Zhao Zhi, Du Shisheng, Hao Tianting, Xue Jiyuan, Gao Zhongzhen, Zhang Qian, Wang Rumei, Song Ke, Xin Yuan, Wang Yuke · 2 passages

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策問「上皇無道、少帝失信。」 The policy question read: "The Retired Emperor was without the Way; the Young Emperor lost the trust of the people."

褚承亮宋人，勒試進士，主司發策問宋徽、欽之罪，承亮長揖而去之。 Chu Chengliang was a Song subject; compelled to take the jinshi examination, the chief examiner set a policy question on the offenses of emperors Hui and Qin of Song, and Chengliang bowed deeply and walked out.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 85Volume 85 Book of Later Jin 11: Emperor Shao 4 · 1 passage

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〈（《宣政雜錄》：徽宗北狩，經薊縣梁魚務，有還鄉橋，石少帝所命名也，里人至今呼之。）〉 (Miscellaneous Records of Xuanzheng's Reign: when Huizong was taken north he passed Liangyu post in Jixian, where a Returning Home Bridge named by the Shi Young Emperor is still known by that name.)〉

History of Liao, Chapter 74Volume 74 Biographies 4: Yelu Dila, Xiao Hendu, Kang Moji, Han Yanhui, Han Zhigu · 1 passage

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會宋徽宗嗣位，遣使來報，有司按籍，有「登寶位」文，坐是出為崇義軍節度使。 When Song Huizong succeeded and sent notice, the record-checkers found the phrase "ascending the imperial throne"; Zirang was demoted to Chongyi Army military commissioner.

History of Ming, Chapter 122Volume 122 Biographies 10: · 1 passage

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潁州人劉福通與其党杜遵道、羅文素、盛文鬱等復言「山童，宋徽宗八世孫，當主中國」。 Liu Futong of Yingzhou and his followers—Du Zundao, Luo Wensu, Sheng Wenyu, and others—again declared, "Shantong is the eighth-generation descendant of Song Huizong and should rule China."