Emperor Shizong 世宗

Names

Identity

Historicity

Historical

Identification

Named

Sex

Male

• Sex: male
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0121, jiuwudaishi:121:s0016, jiuwudaishi:122:s0013, jiuwudaishi:130:s0059, jiuwudaishi:145:s0029, liaoshi:006:s0070, liaoshi:078:s0036, xinwudaishi:012:s0002, xinwudaishi:016:s0038, xinwudaishi:019:s0019, xinwudaishi:020:s0002, xinwudaishi:031:s0005, xinwudaishi:032:s0079, xinwudaishi:049:s0076
• Sex: male
  Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:127:s0143, jiuwudaishi:146:s0133, songshi:359:s0046, xinwudaishi:071:s0069

Roles

• General
• Military Officer
• Royal Family Member
• Ruler

Family

• Child of Empress Shenmu Chai (柴氏)
  Kinship Term: adopted as son / 養 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son
• Child of Guo Wei (郭威)
  Kinship Term: adopted son / 養子 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  Kinship Term: raised as son / 養為己子 · Parentage: adoptive
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: uncertain · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: uncertain · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: made him his son / 以为子 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: raised as his own son / 養為己子 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: adoptive-father · Object Role: adoptive-son
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: adoptive · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
• Kin of Empress Shenmu Chai (柴氏)
  Kinship Term: nephew / 侄 · Subject Role: nephew · Object Role: aunt
  Kinship Term: aunt / 姑 · Subject Role: aunt · Object Role: nephew · Line: paternal
  Kinship Term: nephew / 侄 · Subject Role: aunt · Object Role: nephew
• Kin of Xun (遜)
  Kinship Term: imperial cousin / 皇從弟 · Subject Role: cousin · Object Role: cousin
  Kinship Term: cousin / 從弟 · Subject Role: cousin · Object Role: cousin
• Kin of Fengchao (奉超)
  Kinship Term: imperial cousin / 皇從弟 · Subject Role: cousin · Object Role: cousin
  Kinship Term: cousin / 從弟 · Subject Role: cousin · Object Role: cousin
• Kin of Shouyuan (守願)
  Kinship Term: imperial cousin / 皇從弟 · Subject Role: cousin · Object Role: cousin
  Kinship Term: cousin / 從弟 · Subject Role: cousin · Object Role: cousin
• Spouse of Later Empress Fu (後符後)
  Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
  Union Category: primary-marriage
  Kinship Term: installed as empress / 立皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
  Union Category: primary-marriage
• Spouse of Empress Zhenhui (貞惠皇后)
  Kinship Term: posthumously enthroned as empress / 追册...为皇后 · Union Category: marriage · Relationship State: ended
  Union Category: marriage
  Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: widowed
  Kinship Term: wed / 娶 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: ended
  Union Category: marriage
• Spouse of Empress Xuanyi Fu (宣懿皇后符氏)
  Kinship Term: enthroned as empress / 立...为皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
  Union Category: primary-marriage
  Kinship Term: successor wife / 繼室 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
  Union Category: primary-marriage
• Parent of Zongyi (宗誼)
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 1
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 1
• Parent of Cheng (誠)
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 2
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 2
• Parent of Yan (諴)
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 3
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 3
• Parent of Emperor Gongdi (恭帝)
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 4
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 4
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 4
• Parent of Zongrang (宗讓)
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 5
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: younger brother of Gong / 弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 5
• Parent of Chai Xijin (柴熙謹)
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 6
  Kinship Term: younger brother of Gong / 弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 6
• Parent of Chai Xihui (柴熙誨)
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 7
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 7
  Kinship Term: younger brother of Gong / 弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
• Child of Chai Shouli (柴守禮)
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
• Sibling of Tong (侗)
  Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Subject Role: elder brother · Object Role: younger brother · Subject Relative Age: elder
  Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Role: elder-brother · Object Role: younger-brother · Subject Relative Age: elder
• Sibling of Xin (信)
  Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Subject Role: elder brother · Object Role: younger brother · Subject Relative Age: elder
  Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Role: elder-brother · Object Role: younger-brother · Subject Relative Age: elder
• Child of Guo Wei (郭威)
  Kinship Term: son / 兒 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

• Kinship Role: mothers-of-sons · Count: 0 · Negated: true · Statement: mothers of the sons unknown / 皆不知其母為誰氏
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:122:s0028
• Kinship Role: mothers-of-sons · Statement: identity of each mother unknown · Negated: false · Count: 7 · Note: mothers unidentified
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0070
• Kinship Role: sons · Count: 7
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:122:s0028, xinwudaishi:020:s0070

Career and standing

• Label: Mayor of the Eastern Capital / 开封尹 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 广顺三年三月 · Western Year: AD 953
  Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0011
• Label: associate grand councilor / 同中书门下平章事 · Action: appointed
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0009
• Label: honorary grand tutor / 检校太傅 · Action: appointed
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0009
• Label: military commissioner of Zhenning / 镇宁军节度使 · Action: appointed
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0009
• Label: prefect of Chanzhou / 澶州刺史 · Action: appointed
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0009
• Label: commander-in-chief of the Tianxiong inner guard / 天雄军牙内都指挥使 · Action: held
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0007
• Label: general of the Left Gate Guard / 左監門衞將軍 · Action: held
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0066
• Label: Grand General of the Left Gate Guard / 左监门卫大将军 · Action: held
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0006
• Label: prefect of Guizhou / 贵州刺史 · Action: held
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0007
• Title: Prince of Jin / 晋王 · Action: enfeoffed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 广顺三年三月 · Western Year: AD 953
  Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0011
• Title: Prince of Jin / 晉王 · Action: held
  Explicit · liaoshi:006:s0070
• Label: destroyed Buddhist temples / banned improper ordination / 大毁佛寺 · Action: ordered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德二年五月甲戌 · Western Year: AD 955
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0055, xinwudaishi:012:s0177
• Label: general amnesty / 大赦 · Action: proclaimed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德元年三月辛巳 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0021
• Role: emperor · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德元年 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0029
• Role: emperor
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0004, xinwudaishi:020:s0041
• Source Date: Text: 世宗嗣位 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:121:s0064
• Source Date: Text: 显德元年正月丙申 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0015

Places and affiliations

• Label: Later Zhou / 周 · Relation: ruled
  Explicit · liaoshi:006:s0070, liaoshi:006:s0137, xinwudaishi:071:s0069
• Polity: Later Han / 汉 · Relation: served
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0006
• Polity: Later Zhou / 周 · Relation: ruled
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0143, jiuwudaishi:127:s0154, jiuwudaishi:145:s0029, liaoshi:078:s0036, xinwudaishi:012:s0015, xinwudaishi:012:s0145, xinwudaishi:020:s0004, xinwudaishi:032:s0079, xinwudaishi:049:s0076
• Polity: Later Zhou / 後周 · Relation: ruled
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:121:s0052, jiuwudaishi:121:s0101
• Place: Longgang in Xingzhou / 邢州龙冈
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0002
• Place: Qingling / 慶陵 · Relation: buried-at · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德六年十一月壬寅朔 · Western Year: AD 959
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0079
• Place: Longgang in Xingzhou / 邢州龙冈 · Relation: native-of
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0002
• Place: Qingling, Guancheng County, Zheng Prefecture / 庆陵，郑州管城县 · Relation: buried-at
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0157, xinwudaishi:012:s0158

Works and attributed material

• Work: Comprehensive Rites / 通礼 · Relation: compiled
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0124, xinwudaishi:012:s0175
• Work: Correct Music / 正乐 · Relation: compiled
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0124, xinwudaishi:012:s0175
• Work: Equal-Field Diagram / 均田图 · Relation: promulgated
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0121, xinwudaishi:012:s0181
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 周顯德二年正月，世宗謂侍臣曰 · Western Year: AD 955
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0188, jiuwudaishi:146:s0189, jiuwudaishi:146:s0190
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 帝曰 · Western Year: AD 958
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0186
• Kind: edict · Role: author · Quoted: true · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德五年十一月 · Western Year: AD 958
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0034, jiuwudaishi:145:s0035, jiuwudaishi:145:s0036, jiuwudaishi:145:s0037, jiuwudaishi:145:s0038
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德元年十二月，世宗謂侍臣曰 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0133, jiuwudaishi:146:s0134, jiuwudaishi:146:s0135
• Kind: edict · Role: author · Quoted: true · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德六年 · Western Year: AD 959
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0129, jiuwudaishi:145:s0130, jiuwudaishi:145:s0131, jiuwudaishi:145:s0132, jiuwudaishi:145:s0133, jiuwudaishi:145:s0134, jiuwudaishi:145:s0135
• Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德四年 · Western Year: AD 957
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0052, xinwudaishi:020:s0053, xinwudaishi:020:s0054, xinwudaishi:020:s0055, xinwudaishi:020:s0056
• Kind: edict · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德四年夏四月癸未 · Western Year: AD 957
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:122:s0016, jiuwudaishi:122:s0017, jiuwudaishi:122:s0018, jiuwudaishi:122:s0019, jiuwudaishi:122:s0020, jiuwudaishi:122:s0021, jiuwudaishi:122:s0032, jiuwudaishi:122:s0033, jiuwudaishi:122:s0034, jiuwudaishi:122:s0035, jiuwudaishi:122:s0036
• Kind: edict · Role: author · Quoted: true
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0099, xinwudaishi:032:s0100
• Kind: edict · Role: issuer · Quoted: true
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0154, jiuwudaishi:127:s0157, jiuwudaishi:127:s0163
• Kind: edict · Role: author
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0054, xinwudaishi:019:s0055, xinwudaishi:019:s0056, xinwudaishi:019:s0057, xinwudaishi:019:s0058, xinwudaishi:019:s0059
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0105
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Text: Buddha body as illusion; copper images not to be cherished
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0178
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Text: Equal-Field Diagram is the root of good order
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0180

Events and relationships

• Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: attended-funeral · Other Person Id: Wang Pu (王樸)
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:031:s0057
• Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: attended-funeral · Other Person Id: Zheng Renhui (鄭仁誨)
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:031:s0072
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: besieged-Shou
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0089, xinwudaishi:032:s0090, xinwudaishi:032:s0091
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: besieged-Taiyuan
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0020
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: broke-Purple-Gold-Mountain-camps · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 明年正月 · Western Year: AD 957
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0095
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: campaigned in Hedong · Place: Hedong / 河東 · Source Date: Text: 顯德元年夏 · Regnal Year: 1 · Season: summer · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:121:s0053
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: campaigned-against · Place: Huainan / 淮南 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德三年 · Western Year: AD 956
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0066, xinwudaishi:012:s0078
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: campaigned · Place: Huai / 淮
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0043
• Kind: legal · Role: authority · Action: declined-to-prosecute · Other Person Id: Chai Shouli (柴守禮)
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0005, xinwudaishi:020:s0013
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Liu Chong (劉崇) · Place: Gaoping / high plain / 高原、高平 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德元年三月 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0026, xinwudaishi:012:s0028
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Liu Chong (劉崇) · Place: Gaoping / 高平 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德元年 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0020
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Other Person Id: Liu Chong (劉崇) · Place: Gaoping / 高平
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:031:s0038
• Kind: medical · Role: patient · Action: fell-ill-and-returned-to-capital · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德六年 · Western Year: AD 959
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:122:s0038
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: fought-at-Gaoping
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0100
• Kind: administrative · Role: ruler · Action: granted-annual-salt-supply-to-Jiangnan · Place: Jiangnan / 江南 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乃詔歲支鹽二十萬斛以給江南 · Western Year: AD 958
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0187
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: invaded-north-besieged-Yingzhou-took-three-passes
  Explicit · liaoshi:078:s0036
• Kind: ritual · Role: benefiting-ancestor · Action: libation-at-taizu-temple · Other Person Id: Guo Wei (郭威) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德元年 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0029
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: northern-campaign · Place: Three Passes / 三关 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德六年 · Western Year: AD 959
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0132, xinwudaishi:012:s0137
• Kind: ritual · Role: orderer · Action: ordered-empty-tombs-at-Songling
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:019:s0019
• Kind: deliberation · Role: commissioner · Action: ordered-officials-to-deliberate-wang-pu-method · Other Person Id: Wang Pu (王樸)
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0088
• Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: ordered-prefectures-to-switch-to-crystal-salt · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 今宜分割十餘州，令食顆鹽 · Western Year: AD 954
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0133, jiuwudaishi:146:s0135, jiuwudaishi:146:s0136
• Kind: music-inspection · Role: inspector · Action: personally-examined-court-ensemble
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0061
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: recovered-three-northern-passes · Place: the three northern passes / 三關 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德六年 · Western Year: AD 959
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:122:s0038
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: recovered · Place: Three Passes / 三關 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 六年 · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 959
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0075
• Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: refused-enfeoffment-of-living-sons
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0050, xinwudaishi:020:s0057
• Kind: diplomatic · Role: emperor · Action: refused-to-cede-Hailing-salt-monopoly-jointly · Other Person Id: Tang Ruler (唐主) · Place: Hailing / 海陵 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 海陵在江北難以交居 · Western Year: AD 958
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0185, jiuwudaishi:146:s0186
• Kind: administrative · Role: ruler · Action: restored-transport-handling-loss-allowance · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 起今後每石宜與耗一斗 · Western Year: AD 955
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0188, jiuwudaishi:146:s0190
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: secured · Place: fourteen Huainan prefectures / 淮南十有四州 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德五年三月 · Western Year: AD 958
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0114
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: southern campaign / Huai region
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:121:s0102
• Kind: audience · Role: ruler · Action: summoned-and-rewarded · Other Person Id: Huangfu Hui (皇甫暉)
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0076
• Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: took · Place: Shou Prefecture / 寿州 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 显德四年三月 · Western Year: AD 957
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0090

Assessments and attributes

• Assessment: broadly learned; restored correct tones of six dynasties · About Person Id: Wang Pu (王樸) · Provenance: Mode: edict · Speaker Person Id: Emperor Shizong (世宗)
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0133
• Assessment: commendable judgment and sound reasoning · About Person Id: Dou Yan (竇儼) · Provenance: Mode: edict · Speaker Person Id: Emperor Shizong (世宗)
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:145:s0034
• Assessment: clear-sighted, resolute, worthy sovereign · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:012:s0176, xinwudaishi:012:s0184
• Assessment: deferred-enfeoffment-until-merit-achieved · Provenance: Mode: self-report · Speaker Person Id: Emperor Shizong (世宗)
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:122:s0030
• Assessment: heroic and martial; delighted to gather extraordinary men; especially honored literati · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:031:s0091
• Assessment: knew how to weigh circumstances (知權) · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
  Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0013, xinwudaishi:020:s0021

Source notes

• Historicity: historical
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:146:s0133, xinwudaishi:032:s0079
• From: Kind: personal · To: Shizong / 世宗 · Note: posthumous temple name conferred
  Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0028