Geng Jingzhong (耿精忠)

Overview

Geng Jingzhong was a rebel feudatory who imprisoned Fan Chengmo.

Life and dates

Death

AD 1680
Executed
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 252, passage 100

Attested activity

AD 1674 十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 251, passages 133-134
AD 1673 十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 268, passages 21, 32
AD 1677 十六年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 251, passages 172-173
AD 1669 to AD 1674 康熙八年前後
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 253, passage 140
AD 1662 to AD 1676 康熙初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 505, passage 195
AD 1662 康熙初
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 269, passage 79

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AD 1674 康熙十三年
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 253, passage 78
AD 1674 康熙十三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 253, passage 143; Draft History of Qing 259, passage 100
AD 1673 康熙十二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 252, passage 76; Draft History of Qing 269, passage 88
AD 1673 to AD 1681 方諸籓盛強
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 252, passages 184, 186
AD 1674 to AD 1676 耿精忠
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 268, passages 172, 179

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Entered
AD 1675 十四年 · Rebel
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 268, passage 172
Held
Feudatory prince in rebellion
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 252, passages 184, 186

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Rebelled against
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 252, passages 184, 186
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Rebelled against
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 505, passage 195
AD 1675 十四年
At Fujian 閩 · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 268, passages 178-179
At Fujian 福建 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 269, passage 79

Works and attributed material

AD 1673 十二年
Memorial · Author
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 268, passage 21

Events and relationships

Compared to Jin Shenghuan
AD 1675 十四年 · Rebellion · Rebel · Mode quotation Speaker Tian Liushan (田六善)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 268, passage 172
Forced Fan Chengmo to hang himself
Biographical event
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 252, passage 93
Issued commissions to bandits
Political · Patron
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 253, passage 140
Pressed Chengmo in same city
Political · Rebel leader · With Fan Chengmo (范承謨)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 252, passage 186
Rebelled and invaded
AD 1662 to AD 1676 康熙初 · Rebellion · Rebel leader · At Zhejiang 浙江
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 505, passage 195
Rebelled, imprisoned, fettered, and starved Fan Chengmo
Biographical event
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 252, passages 78, 83

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Rebelled
AD 1674 康熙十三年 · Military · Rebel leader
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 253, passage 143
Rebelled
Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 251, passage 134; Draft History of Qing 253, passage 78
Rebelled
Military · Rebel
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 268, passage 32
Surrendered
Diplomatic · Surrendering party
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 251, passage 166
Urged to be taken first so other rebels would collapse
AD 1675 十四年 · Military · Target · Mode quotation Speaker Tian Liushan (田六善)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 268, passage 179

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 269, passage 79

References in the histories

Search passages

History

38 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 251Volume 251 Biographies 38: Tu Hai, Li Zhifang · 6 passages

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疏甫上，耿精忠亦叛，遣其將曾養性、白顯忠、馬九玉數道闚浙，浙大震。 Hardly had the memorial been submitted when Geng Jingzhong rebelled as well, sending his generals Zeng Yangxing, Bai Xianzhong, and Ma Jiuyu in several columns to threaten Zhejiang. The province was thrown into alarm.

未幾精忠降，溫、處賊皆潰散。 Before long Jingzhong surrendered and the rebels in Wen and Chu all dispersed.

精忠所署置總兵馬鵬、汪文生、陳山，將軍程鳳等猶踞玉山、鉛山、弋陽、德興，之芳請會剿。 Regional commanders Ma Peng, Wang Wensheng, and Chen Shan and General Cheng Feng, whom Jingzhong had appointed, still held Yushan, Qianshan, Yiyang, and Dexing. Zhifang requested a joint campaign against them.

先是文生、鳳皆乞降，而鳳病死，其妻王玉貞籍所屬六萬八千餘人就撫，而精忠將林爾瞻猶擁眾石壟。 Earlier Wensheng and Feng had both asked to surrender, but Feng died of illness. His wife Wang Yuzhen registered more than sixty-eight thousand followers for pacification, while Jingzhong's general Lin Erzhan still held a force at Shilong.

精忠既叛，語圖喇勿縱兵暴民。 When Jingzhong rebelled he urged Tula not to let the troops abuse the people.

耿精忠叛，時之芳為總督，雖不諳騎射，執刀立船首，率眾突前破敵。 When Geng Jingzhong rebelled, Zhifang was governor. Though unskilled in riding and archery, he stood at the bow with a blade in hand and led his men in a frontal charge that broke the enemy.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 252Volume 252 Biographies 39: Gan Wenkun, Fan Chengmo, Ma Xiongzhen, Fu Honglie · 13 passages

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吳三桂反，承謨察精忠有異志，時方議裁兵，承謨疏請緩行。 When Wu Sangui rebelled, Chengmo saw that Geng Jingzhong harbored rebellious intent. As the court debated troop reductions, Chengmo memorialized asking that the cuts be postponed.

事未行而精忠叛，陽言海寇至，約承謨計事。 Before he could act, Jingzhong rebelled, falsely claiming pirates had appeared, and summoned Chengmo to consult with him.

巡撫劉秉政附精忠，趣同行。 Governor Liu Bingzheng had joined Jingzhong and pressed Chengmo to accompany them.

精忠之徒露刃相脅，承謨挺身前，罵不絕口。 Jingzhong's men drew their blades to threaten him; Chengmo stepped forward and cursed them without stopping.

精忠拘之土室，加以桎梏，絕粒十日，不得死。 Jingzhong locked him in an earthen cell in fetters and starved him for ten days, yet he would not die.

精忠遣秉政說降，承謨奮足蹴之僕，叱左右掖之出，曰：「賊就僇當不遠，我先褫其魄！」 Jingzhong sent Bingzheng to urge him to submit. Chengmo kicked him to the ground and ordered his men to drag him out, crying, "The rebels will soon face execution—I will break their spirits first!"

蒙古人嘛尼為偽散騎郎，精忠遣守承謨，感承謨忠義，謀令出走。 A Mongol named Mani held a false commission as Gentleman Cavalier and was assigned to guard Chengmo. Moved by Chengmo's loyalty, he plotted to help him escape.

事泄，精忠將磔之，大言曰：「吾寧與忠臣同死，不原與逆賊同生！」 When the plot was discovered, Jingzhong was about to dismember him. He cried out, "I would rather die with a loyal minister than live with rebel traitors!"

十五年，師克仙霞關，精忠將降，冀飾詞免死，懼承謨暴其罪。 In the fifteenth year imperial forces took Xianxia Pass. Jingzhong was about to surrender and hoped to excuse his crimes and save his life, fearing Chengmo would expose them.

九月己酉朔，甲子夜半，精忠遣黨偪承謨就縊。 On the first day of the ninth month (day jiyou), at midnight on day jiazi, Jingzhong sent his men to force Chengmo to hang himself.

十九年，精忠伏誅。 In the nineteenth year Jingzhong was executed.

赴市曹日，承謨子時崇臠其肉祭墓。 On the day Jingzhong was led to execution, Chengmo's son Shichong cut flesh from his body as an offering at his father's tomb.

若承謨之於精忠，雄鎮之於延齡，皆同城逼處，惟以身殉，無他術也。 Men such as Chengmo facing Jingzhong and Xiongzhen facing Yanling lived in the same cities as their enemies and had no recourse but to die for their loyalty.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 253Volume 253 Biographies 40: Mo Luo, Chen Fu, Wang Zhiding, Li Xingyuan, Chen Qitai, Chen Danchi, Ye Yingliu · 9 passages

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吳三桂、耿精忠相繼反。 Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong rose in rebellion one after another.

時山寇遍受耿精忠劄，勢洶洶。 Mountain bandits throughout the region were taking commissions from Geng Jingzhong, and their power grew menacing.

十三年，精忠叛，偽檄至漳州。 In Kangxi 13 (1674) Jingzhong rebelled and a false proclamation reached Zhangzhou.

啟泰密與海澄公黃梧議拒守，會梧病，精忠复招鄭錦為助。 Qitai secretly planned resistance with Duke of Haicheng Huang Wu, but Wu fell ill. Jingzhong then recruited Zheng Jing as ally.

方精忠叛時，諸郡望風納叛； When Jingzhong rebelled, most prefectures surrendered at his approach;

張煌言兵屢入，與總兵李長榮分路擊卻之，累進右都督，精忠叛，萬福嬰城固守，城破，死之，闔家被害。 Zhang Huangyan's forces raided repeatedly; with Brigadier Li Changrong he beat them back along separate routes and rose to Right Regional Commander. When Jingzhong rebelled, Wanfu held Funing in a closed defense; when the city fell he died and his whole family perished.

丹赤歸至東昌，聞耿精忠亦叛，亟間道還。 Danchi reached Dongchang, heard that Geng Jingzhong had rebelled too, and hurried back by a hidden route.

適平陽叛將司定猷構精忠兵偪瑞安，丹赤獨居城上，泣諭父老，誓與城存亡。 Pingyang rebel Si Dingyou had joined Jingzhong's forces against Ruian. Danchi stood alone on the wall, weeping as he addressed the elders and swore to live or die with the city.

有自懷中出帛書者，精忠招弘勳獻城檄也，丹赤怒，碎而擲之地，曰：「此豈可污吾目？ Someone produced from his bosom Jingzhong's proclamation recruiting Hongxun to surrender the city. Danchi tore it to pieces and threw it down: 'How can this defile my eyes?

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 259Volume 259 Biographies 46: Yi Li Bu, Ha Ke San, A Er Hu, Lu Shen, Ya Ji, Kuo Er Kun, Wang Chengye · 2 passages

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