He Gui (賀瑰) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify He Gui as a general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 29 passages from 4 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	He Gui	賀瑰	He Gui
Courtesy	Guangyuan	光遠	Guāngyuǎn
Given name	Gui	瑰
Personal name	Gui	瓌	Gui
Given	Gui	瑰	Gui
Surname	He	賀	He
Personal name	He Gui	賀瑰	He Gui
Personal name	He Gui	賀瑰	Hè Guī
Personal name	He Gui	贺瑰	He Gui
Personal name	He Gui	賀瓌	He Gui
Personal	He Gui	賀瓌	Hè Guī

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:065:s0019, jiuwudaishi:127:s0085, xinwudaishi:003:s0045
Sex: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0063, xinwudaishi:023:s0106

Roles

General
Military Officer
Official

Life and dates

Death

Cause: illness / 疾 · Manner: illness · Age: 62 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: Zhenming 4 campaign context · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0137

Age

Age: 62 · Reckoning: source-stated at death
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0137

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: AD 919 · Western Year: AD 919
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:065:s0019
Source Date: Text: from Zhenming 1 through the Zhenming 4 campaign · Western Interval: Start: AD 915 · End: AD 918
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0129, xinwudaishi:023:s0137
Source Date: Text: 胡柳陂約同光元年 · Western Year: AD 923
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:127:s0087
Source Date: Text: 貞明四年 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0108, xinwudaishi:023:s0112, xinwudaishi:023:s0113, xinwudaishi:023:s0114, xinwudaishi:023:s0115, xinwudaishi:023:s0116
Source Date: Text: 贞明三年冬十二月 · Western Year: AD 917
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:003:s0045
Source Date: Text: 贞明四年冬十二月 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:003:s0100, xinwudaishi:003:s0101

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Wife of He Ning
Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: daughter
Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: daughter · Object Role: father
Parent of He Guangtu (光圖)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Kinship Role: sons · Count: 2 · Count Uncertain: true
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0090

Career and standing

Label: pacification commissioner / 招討使 · Action: appointed · Authority Person Id: Youzhen (友貞) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: Zhenming 4 campaign context · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0131
Label: commander-in-chief of the northern-route campaign headquarters / 北面行营招讨使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 贞明三年冬十二月 · Western Year: AD 917
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0045
Label: left Dragon-Tiger commander-in-chief / 左龍虎統軍 · Action: appointed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0075
Label: military governor of Xuanyi / 宣義軍節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0075
Label: prefect of Cao / 曹州刺史 · Action: appointed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0073
Label: overall commander / 都指揮使 · Action: held · Authority Person Id: Zhu Xuan (朱宣)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0064
Label: northern-route pacification commissioner / 北面招討使 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 貞明四年 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0108
Label: Military Governor of Hua / 滑帥 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0085
Label: military governor of Xuanyi / 宣义军节度使 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0045
Label: prefect of Xiang / 相州刺史 · Action: promoted
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0074
Honor: Palace Attendant / 侍中 · Action: posthumously-bestowed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0137

Places and affiliations

Polity: Later Liang / 梁 · Relation: served
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0106, xinwudaishi:023:s0108
Place: Pu prefecture / 濮州 · Relation: native-of
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0063

Learning and skills

Skill: infantry command / 用步卒 · Level: skilled
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0106

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章) · Quoted: true · Text: The ridge swells here and the hollow inside is flat—ideal ground for a stockade. / 此地岡阜隆起，其中坦然，營柵之地也。
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0113
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Statement: I am He Gui—do not kill me. · Speaker Person Id: He Gui (賀瑰) · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: He Gui (賀瑰)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0068
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0087, jiuwudaishi:127:s0090, jiuwudaishi:127:s0091

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: killer · Action: ambushed and killed Xie Yanzhang · Other Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0133
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated-at-Huliu · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 贞明四年冬十二月癸亥 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0101
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated-at-Huliu · Other Person Id: Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (後唐莊宗)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:127:s0087
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: encamped · Place: field headquarters / 行臺 · Other Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 貞明四年 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0108
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: fought at Huliupi, killed Zhou Dewei, then suffered defeat and failed against the southern palisade · Other Person Id: Zhou Dewei (周德威)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0135, xinwudaishi:023:s0136, xinwudaishi:023:s0137
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: killed-subordinates · Other Person Ids: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章), Meng Shencheng (孟審澄), Hou Wenyu (侯溫裕) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 贞明四年冬十二月庚子朔 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0100
Kind: assassination · Role: instigator · Action: ordered-killing-at-feast · Other Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 貞明四年 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0116
Kind: survey · Role: speaker · Action: pointed-out-camp-ground · Other Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 貞明四年 · Western Year: AD 918
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0113
Kind: military · Role: captured commander · Action: was defeated and captured by Taizu · Other Person Id: Taizu of Liang (太祖)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0067, xinwudaishi:023:s0068, xinwudaishi:023:s0069
Kind: military · Role: relief commander · Action: was sent by Zhu Xuan to relieve Zhu Jin and cut Liang's supply line · Other Person Ids: Zhu Xuan (朱宣), Zhu Jin (朱瑾)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0065, xinwudaishi:023:s0066, xinwudaishi:023:s0067
Kind: political · Role: surrendered commander · Action: was spared by Taizu and vowed lifelong service · Other Person Id: Taizu of Liang (太祖)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0071, xinwudaishi:023:s0072
Relation: at-odds-with · Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0133
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0106, xinwudaishi:023:s0108
Relation: rival-of · Person Id: Xie Yanzhang (謝彥章)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0112, xinwudaishi:023:s0114

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: jealous of Xie Yanzhang · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0112

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 65Volume 65 Book of Later Tang 41: Biographies 17: Li Jianji, Shi Junli, Gao Xinggui, Zhang Tingyu, Wang Sitong, Suo Zitong · 2 passages

Open chapter

十六年，汴將賀瑰攻德勝南城，以戰船十餘艘，竹笮維之，扼斷津路，王師不得渡。 In the sixteenth year the Bian commander He Gui assaulted the southern quarter of Desheng with a dozen warships roped together with bamboo hawsers, blocking the crossing and keeping the imperial army on the far bank.

建及乃入南城，賀瑰解圍而去。 Jianji then entered the southern city, and He Gui broke off the siege and withdrew.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 127Volume 127 Book of Later Zhou 29: Biographies 7: Lu Wenji, Ma Yisun, He Ning, Su Yugui, Jing Fan · 3 passages

Open chapter

滑帥賀瑰知其名，辟置幕下。 He Gui, military governor of Hua, knew his name and took him on staff.

時瑰與唐莊宗相拒於河上，戰胡柳陂，瑰軍敗而北，惟凝隨之，瑰顧曰：「子勿相隨，當自努力。」 Gui then opposed Zhuangzong on the Yellow River at Huliu Slope. Defeated, Gui fled north; only Ning followed. Gui said, "Do not follow—save yourself."

旋有一騎士來逐瑰，凝叱之，不止，遂引弓以射，應弦而斃，瑰獲免。 A rider pursued Gui. Ning shouted; when the man did not stop, he shot and dropped him at the bowstring's sound; Gui was saved.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 3Volume 3 Later Liang Annals 3: Later Emperors · 3 passages

Open chapter

冬十二月，宣义军节度使贺瑰为北面行营招讨使。 In the twelfth month of winter He Gui, military governor of Xuanyi, was appointed to command the northern campaign.

冬十二月庚子朔，賀瓌殺其將謝彥章、孟審澄、侯溫裕。 On the gengzi new moon of the twelfth month in winter, He Gui put his generals Xie Yanzhang, Meng Shencheng, and Hou Wenyu to death.

癸亥，瓌及晉人戰于胡柳，敗績。 On guihai, He Gui fought Jin forces at Huliu and was routed.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 21 passages

Open chapter

賀瓌，字光遠，濮州人也。 He Gui, courtesy name Guangyuan, came from Pu prefecture.

梁太祖攻朱瑾於兗州，宣遣瑰與何懷寶、柳存等以兵萬人救兗州，瑰趨待賓館，欲絕梁餉道。 Taizu of Liang attacked Zhu Jin at Yan prefecture. Xuan sent Gui with He Huaibao, Liu Cun, and others—ten thousand men—to relieve Yan. Gui raced for the Guest Reception Hall to cut Liang’s supply line.

梁太祖略地至中都，得降卒，言瑰等兵趨待賓館矣！ Taizu overran the country to Zhongdu and took a defector who said Gui’s army was racing for the Guest Reception Hall.

以六壬占之，得「斬關」，以為吉，乃選精兵夜疾馳百里，期先至待賓以逆瑰，而夜黑，兵失道，旦至鉅野東，遇瑰兵，擊之，瑰等大敗。 He cast the liu-ren oracle and drew “Cut the Pass”—a good sign. He picked elite troops and raced a hundred li by night to reach the Guest Reception Hall before Gui. In the dark the army lost the road; at dawn east of Juye they met Gui, struck, and routed him.

瑰走，梁兵急追之，瑰顧路窮，登冢上大呼曰：「我賀瑰也，可勿殺我！」 Gui fled; Liang pressed hard. Seeing the road at an end, Gui climbed a tomb mound and shouted: “I am He Gui—do not kill me!”

即盡殺降卒三千人，而系瑰及懷寶等至兗城下以招瑾，瑾不納，因斬懷寶等十餘人，而獨留瑰。 He then slaughtered all three thousand captives, bound Gui and Huaibao and the rest below Yan city to summon Jin, but Jin would not take them in. He beheaded Huaibao and more than ten others and kept Gui alone.

瑰感太祖不殺，誓以身自效。 Moved that Taizu had spared him, Gui vowed to give his life in service.

從太祖平青州，以為曹州刺史。 When Taizu pacified Qing prefecture, Gui was made prefect of Cao.

晉軍取楊劉，末帝乃以瓌為招討使，與謝彥章等屯于行臺。 Jin took Yangliu. The Last Emperor then made Gui pacification commissioner and camped with Xie Yanzhang and others at the field headquarters.

晉軍迫瓌十里而柵，相持百餘日。 Jin pressed within ten li of Gui and fenced in; the standoff lasted more than a hundred days.

瓌與彥章有隙，伏甲殺之，莊宗喜曰：「將帥不和，梁亡無日矣！」 Gui and Yanzhang were at odds. Gui hid armed men and killed him. Zhuangzong rejoiced and said: “When commanders fall out, Liang’s end is near!”