Qianlong Emperor (高宗)

Overview

The translated histories identify Qianlong Emperor as a ruler. This record brings together 29 passages from 10 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Qianlong Emperor	高宗	Gaozong
Title	Emperor	帝
Temple	Emperor Gaozong	高宗	Gaozong
Temple name	Emperor Gaozong	高宗	Gaozong
Title	Emperor Qianlong	高宗	Gaozong
Temple	Gaozong	高宗	Gaozong
Temple name	Gaozong	高宗	Gāozōng
Temple name	Gaozong	高宗
Temple name	Gaozong	高宗	Gaozong
Temple	Gaozong Emperor	高宗	Gaozong
Temple name	High Ancestor	高宗	Gaozong
Regnal name	Qianlong	乾隆	Qiánlóng
Regnal name	Qianlong	乾隆
Regnal	Qianlong	乾隆
Regnal name	Qianlong	乾隆	Qianlong
Title	Qianlong Emperor
Title	Qianlong Emperor	高宗
Title	Qianlong Emperor	乾隆帝
Regnal	Qianlong Emperor	乾隆	Qianlong

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:027:s0007
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:287:s0108, qingshigao:335:s0042, qingshigao:352:s0035, qingshigao:353:s0062, qingshigao:355:s0005, qingshigao:441:s0057, qingshigao:483:s0058

Roles

Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 乾隆九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1744
Explicit · qingshigao:027:s0007
Source Date: Text: 乾隆三十一年 · Western Year: AD 1766
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:352:s0004, qingshigao:352:s0035
Source Date: Text: 乾隆三十七年 · Western Year: AD 1772
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0029, qingshigao:353:s0062
Source Date: Text: 乾隆三年 · Western Year: AD 1738
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0059
Source Date: Text: 乾隆五十三年 · Western Year: AD 1788
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:355:s0005, qingshigao:355:s0006
Source Date: Text: 乾隆四十九年 · Western Year: AD 1784
Explicit · qingshigao:335:s0136, qingshigao:335:s0144
Source Date: Text: 乾隆四年 · Western Year: AD 1739
Explicit · qingshigao:287:s0108
Source Date: Text: 乾隆朝 · Western Year: AD 1770
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:335:s0027, qingshigao:335:s0031
Source Date: Text: 乾隆間南巡 · Western Year: AD 1785
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:351:s0027
Source Date: Text: 二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1756
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0071
Source Date: Text: 十三年 · Western Year: AD 1735
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0058
Source Date: Text: 十三年正月 · Western Year: AD 1748
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0066
Source Date: Text: 四十八年 · Western Year: AD 1783
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0088
Source Date: Text: 高宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1736 · End: AD 1795
Explicit · qingshigao:441:s0057
Source Date: Text: 高宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1736 · End: AD 1795
Explicit · qingshigao:377:s0044

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Eldest Imperial Son of Gaozong (皇長子)
Kinship Term: eldest imperial son / 皇長子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Career and standing

Status: emperor · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:027:s0007
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾隆朝 · Western Year: AD 1736
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:351:s0027

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · qingshigao:027:s0007, qingshigao:335:s0042, qingshigao:352:s0035
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:351:s0027

Works and attributed material

Kind: edict · Role: author · Action: approved
Explicit · qingshigao:335:s0027
Kind: edict · Role: author · Action: rebuked-Zhao-Huan-memorial
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0072, qingshigao:483:s0073, qingshigao:483:s0074, qingshigao:483:s0075, qingshigao:483:s0076, qingshigao:483:s0077, qingshigao:483:s0078
Kind: edict · Role: author
Explicit · qingshigao:335:s0145, qingshigao:335:s0147, qingshigao:335:s0148
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Tie Bao (鐵保)
Explicit · qingshigao:353:s0062

Events and relationships

Kind: ritual · Role: sovereign · Action: eastern-tour-libation
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0066, qingshigao:483:s0068
Kind: administrative · Role: commissioner · Action: imperially-made · Label: Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument / 璣衡撫辰儀 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾隆九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1744 · Place: Observatory Terrace / 臺
Explicit · qingshigao:027:s0007
Kind: ritual · Role: visitor-dispatcher · Action: ordered-visit-to-dying-Ma-Qi · Other Person Id: Ma Qi (馬齊) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾隆四年 · Western Year: AD 1739
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:287:s0108
Kind: gift · Role: donor · Action: presented-Zhou-bronzes-to-temple
Explicit · qingshigao:483:s0084

Assessments and attributes

Item: Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument / 璣衡撫辰儀 · Relation: commissioned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾隆九年 · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1744
Explicit · qingshigao:027:s0007

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 27Volume 27 Treatises 2: Astronomy 2, Astronomical Instruments · 1 passage

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乾隆九年，高宗御製璣衡撫辰儀，並安置臺上。 In Qianlong 9 the Qianlong emperor built the Armillary Sphere and Chronographic Instrument and set it on the Observatory Terrace.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 287Volume 287 Biographies 74: Tong Guo Wei, Ma Qi, A Ling A, Kui Xu, E Lundai · 1 passage

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乾隆四年，病篤，高宗諭謂馬齊歷相三朝，年逾大耋，舉朝大臣未有及者，命和親王及皇長子視疾。 In Qianlong year 4, gravely ill, Emperor Gaozong said Ma Qi had served as chief minister through three reigns, was past great old age, and no court minister matched him; he ordered the Prince of He and the eldest imperial son to visit him.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 335Volume 335 Biographies 122: Fu Senga, Yi Leitu, Hu Gui, Yu Jin Ao, Yin Dexi, Gang Ta · 3 passages

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伊勒圖以聞，高宗命加意撫綏，俾得所。 Yi Leitu reported the arrival to the throne, and the Qianlong Emperor ordered that they be settled with particular care.

高宗諭曰：「冒險已可嘉，豈有復令出私財償米之理？」 The Qianlong Emperor replied: "Your willingness to brave the seas is praise enough—how could I ask you to make good the grain from your own funds?"

金鼇嘗預千叟宴，高宗賜之酒，命賦詩記事，金鼇辭不能詩。 Jin'ao once attended the Banquet for a Thousand Elders; the Qianlong Emperor offered him wine and asked him to compose a commemorative poem, but Jin'ao begged off, saying he was no poet.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 351Volume 351 Biographies 138: Shen Chu, Jin Shisong, Zou Bingtai, Dai Liankui, Wang Yixiu Son: Zong Cheng, Huang Yue · 5 passages

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服闋，會高宗南巡，迎鑾道左，回京督順天學政。 After mourning he greeted the Qianlong Emperor during a southern tour and, on returning to Beijing, took charge of Shuntian education.

五十年，帝御乾清宮，賜千叟宴。 In Qianlong 50 the emperor held the Thousand Elders Banquet in the Palace of Heavenly Purity.

四十八年，高宗釋奠禮成，因下詔增建辟雍。 In Qianlong 48, after the emperor's ceremonial offerings at the academy, he ordered construction of the Hall of the Circular Moat.

高宗實錄成，賜宴禮部，懿修以尚書主席。 When the Qianlong Veritable Records were completed, the court held a banquet at the Ministry of Rites with Yixiu, as minister, presiding.

沈初、金士松，高宗舊臣，獲恩禮終。 Shen Chu and Jin Shisong, veterans of the Qianlong reign, enjoyed imperial favor to the end of their lives.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 352Volume 352 Biographies 139: Jiang Cheng, Jin Guangti, Zu Zhiwang, Han Feng · 1 passage

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晟自為曹郎，以治獄明慎受知高宗，敭歷中外，至是凡三入佐刑部。 From his days as a bureau secretary, his careful and lucid handling of criminal cases had won Qianlong's trust. He had served widely in the capital and in the provinces, and by now had entered the Ministry of Punishments as its second-in-command three times.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 353Volume 353 Biographies 140: Da Chun | Son: Sa Bin Tu, Tie Bao Younger Brother: Yu Bao, He Ying, Jue Luo Gui Fang · 2 passages

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鐵保慷慨論事，高宗謂其有大臣風。 Tie Bao debated state affairs with bold candor, and Emperor Qianlong said he had the bearing of a great minister.

高宗親試八旗翰詹，與兄鐵保並被擢，時比以郊、祁，軾、轍。 Emperor Qianlong personally examined the Banner Hanlin and Heir Apparent's household; he and his elder brother Tie Bao were both advanced, and contemporaries likened them to two earlier pairs of brothers: Song Jiao and Song Qi, and Su Shi and Su Zhe.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 355Volume 355 Biographies 142: Kui Lun, Guang Xing, Chu Peng Ling · 1 passage

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嘗入覲，高宗詢家世，魁倫陳戰功甚悉。 On one audience at court, the Gaozong Emperor asked about his lineage, and Kui Lun recounted his family’s battle honors at length.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 377Volume 377 Biographies 164: Bao Guixing, Gu Chun, Wu Xiaoming, Chen Hong, E Mushune, Xu Faji · 1 passage

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先是嘉慶中蓴在史館，撰和珅傳，及進禦，經他人竄改，和珅曾數因事被高宗詰責，並未載入傳。 Earlier, during the Jiaqing reign, Chun had been in the Historiography Office and drafted Heshen's biography. By the time it reached the throne others had altered it, omitting the many occasions on which Emperor Gaozong had censured Heshen for misconduct.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 441Volume 441 Biographies 228: Pan Zuyin, Li Wentian, Sun Yijing, Xia Tongshan, Zhang Jiaxiang, Zhang Yinglin, Zhang Renfu, Zhang Hengjia · 1 passage

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其時高宗西北拓地數千里，東西諸國讋憚天威，府庫充盈，物力豐盛，園工取之內帑而民不知，故皆樂園之成。 At that time the Qianlong Emperor extended the northwest frontier by thousands of li; states east and west feared Heaven's majesty; the treasuries were full and resources abundant; park works were paid from the inner purse without the people knowing, so all rejoiced in the park's completion.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 483Volume 483 Biographies 270: Confucian Scholars 4: Kong Yinzhi Son: Xing Xie, Yu Qi Son: Chuan Duo, Guang Qi Son: Zhao Huan, Sun :Xianpei, Zeng Sun : Qing Rong, Zeng Sun : Fan Hao, Xuan Sun : Xiang Ke, Lai Sun : Ling Yi · 13 passages

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高宗復召入對，以覃恩贈父繼濩如其爵。 The Qianlong Emperor summoned him again for audience and, under a general amnesty, posthumously ennobled his father Jihuo to the same rank as his own title.

乾隆三年，上幸學，召廣棨陪祀。 In the third year of Qianlong the Emperor visited the Imperial Academy and summoned Guang Qi to assist at the sacrifice.

獻親耕耤田頌、視學大禮慶成賦。 He presented an ode on the Emperor's ceremonial plowing of the sacred field and a fu celebrating the completion of the imperial school visit.

四年，朝京師，祝上萬壽。 In the fourth year he came to the capital to congratulate the Emperor on his longevity.

六年，疏劾曲阜知縣毓琚不職，毓琚亦訐廣棨居鄉不法，下巡撫按治，上原廣棨而譴毓琚。 In the sixth year he memorialized against Qufu magistrate Yu Ju for dereliction of duty. Yu Ju in turn accused Guang Qi of misconduct at home. The case was sent to the provincial governor for investigation; the Emperor excused Guang Qi and punished Yu Ju.

昭煥，字顯明，十三年正月，上東巡，釋奠孔子廟，禦詩禮堂。 Zhao Huan, whose style was Xianming. In the first month of the thirteenth year the Emperor toured the east, offered libation at the Temple of Confucius, and visited the Hall of Poetry and Rites.

昭煥方幼，命其族人舉人繼汾等進講。 Zhao Huan was still a child, so the Emperor ordered his kinsman, presented scholar Jifen, and others to lecture in his place.

親制孔子廟碑，勒石大成門外。 The Emperor personally composed the temple stele and had it engraved in stone outside the Gate of Great Accomplishment.

上諭曰：「昭煥疏言皇莊，此必沿前代舊習，然亦止應稱官莊。 The Emperor said: "Zhao Huan writes of an 'imperial estate'—no doubt an old habit from earlier dynasties—but he should have called it only the official estate.

下吏議，當奪爵，上命寬之。 The officials recommended stripping his title, but the Emperor ordered leniency.

三月，上東巡，釋奠孔子廟，謁林。 In the third month the Emperor toured the east, offered libation at the Temple of Confucius, and visited the Kong Forest.

二十二年，上奉皇太后東巡釋奠。 In the twenty-second year the Emperor, with the Empress Dowager, toured the east and offered libation.

上諭曰：「闕里毓聖之鄉，唐、宋以來，率以聖裔領縣事。 The Emperor said: "Queli is the village that nurtured the sage; since Tang and Song, sage-descendants have usually held the county office.