Tao Shu (陶澍) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Tao Shu as an administrator, official, and statesman. This record brings together 31 passages from 6 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Tao Shu	陶澍	Tao Shu
Title	Governor Tao Shu	巡撫陶澍
Title	Governor-General	總督
Given	Shu	澍	Shu
Given	Shu	澍	Shù
Surname	Tao	陶	Tao
Surname	Tao	陶	Táo
Personal name	Tao Shu	陶澍	Táo Shù
Personal name	Tao Shu	陶澍	Tao Shu
Personal	Tao Shu	陶澍	Táo Shù
Personal	Tao Zhu	陶澍	Tao Zhu
Posthumous	Wenyi	文毅	Wényì
Courtesy	Yunting	云汀	Yúntīng

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:375:s0023, qingshigao:376:s0030, qingshigao:379:s0135
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:384:s0001, qingshigao:393:s0002, qingshigao:393:s0018
Value: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:369:s0029

Roles

Administrator
Official
Statesman

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十九年 · Western Year: AD 1839
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0191, qingshigao:379:s0144

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 三年 · Western Year: AD 1823
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:376:s0030, qingshigao:376:s0029
Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1819
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0140, qingshigao:379:s0136
Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1825
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0154, qingshigao:379:s0144
Source Date: Text: 六年 · Western Year: AD 1826
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0157, qingshigao:379:s0144
Source Date: Text: 十九年 · Western Year: AD 1839
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0191, qingshigao:379:s0144
Source Date: Text: 十二年 · Western Year: AD 1832
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0183, qingshigao:379:s0144
Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0173, qingshigao:379:s0144
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0136
Source Date: Text: 時陶澍為總督 · Western Year: AD 1822
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:384:s0033, qingshigao:384:s0023
Source Date: Text: 道光三年 · Western Year: AD 1823
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0144
Source Date: Text: 道光十一年 · Western Year: AD 1831
Explicit · qingshigao:375:s0023
Source Date: Text: 道光十二年 · Western Year: AD 1832
Explicit · qingshigao:393:s0002, qingshigao:393:s0018
Source Date: Text: 道光十二年前後 · Western Year: AD 1832
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0029
Source Date: Text: 道光十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0109

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Tao Guang (桄)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Career and standing

Label: intendant of eastern Sichuan / 川東道 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1819
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0140, qingshigao:379:s0136
Label: acting governor-general of the Two Jiangs / 署兩江總督 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0173, qingshigao:379:s0144
Label: governor-general of the Two Jiangs / 兩江總督 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0173, qingshigao:379:s0144
Label: Hanlin bachelor / 庶吉士 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0136
Label: Governor-General of the Two Jiangs / 兩江總督 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 道光十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0109
Label: compiler / 編修 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0136
Label: provincial judge of Shanxi / 山西按察使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0143
Label: provincial treasurer of Anhui / 安徽布政使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0143
Label: Governor-General / 總督 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0029, qingshigao:384:s0033
Label: governor / 巡撫 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:376:s0030
Label: governor of Anhui / 巡撫 · Action: promoted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 道光三年 · Western Year: AD 1823
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0144
Label: censor / 御史 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0136
Label: supervising secretary / 給事中 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0136
Label: governor of Jiangsu / 江蘇巡撫 · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1825
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0154, qingshigao:379:s0144
Label: peacock feather / 花翎 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 六年 · Western Year: AD 1826
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0159, qingshigao:379:s0157
Label: Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent / 太子少保 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1830
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0173, qingshigao:379:s0144
Label: Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent / 太子太保 · Action: posthumously-granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十九年 · Western Year: AD 1839
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0192, qingshigao:379:s0191

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: lived-under
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:375:s0023
Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0136
Place: Anhua, Hunan / 湖南安化
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0135

Learning and skills

Credential: Presented Scholar / 進士 · Action: earned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶七年 · Western Year: AD 1802
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0136

Works and attributed material

Work: memorials, poetry and prose, Sichuan travel diary, chronological biography of Duke Huan of Tao, annotations on Tao Yuanming poetry / 奏議、詩文集、蜀輶日記、陶桓公年譜、陶淵明詩輯註 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0198
Work: Anhui gazetteer / 安徽通志 · Relation: compiler
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0153
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Action: prohibited-gentry-monopolizing-grain-transport
Explicit · qingshigao:376:s0030
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Action: proposed-dredging-Three-Rivers
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0029
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Quote: true
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0163, qingshigao:379:s0164, qingshigao:379:s0167, qingshigao:379:s0168

Events and relationships

Kind: policy · Role: governor · Action: reformed-Huai-salt
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0081, qingshigao:384:s0124, qingshigao:384:s0125
Kind: administrative · Role: reformer · Action: salt-ticket-system · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十二年 · Western Year: AD 1832
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0183, qingshigao:379:s0144
Kind: administrative · Role: reformer · Action: sea-transport · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 六年 · Western Year: AD 1826
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:379:s0156, qingshigao:379:s0157, qingshigao:379:s0144
Relation: marriage-alliance-with · Person Id: Hu Linyi (胡林翼)
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0197
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Lin Zexu (林則徐)
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0172
Relation: marriage-alliance-with · Person Id: Zuo Zongtang (左宗棠)
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0197
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Li Xiangkun (李象鶤)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0033
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Li Xingyuan (李星沅)
Explicit · qingshigao:393:s0018
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Huang Mian (黃冕)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0089, qingshigao:384:s0100
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Yu Deyuan (俞德淵)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0124, qingshigao:384:s0126, qingshigao:384:s0135
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Wang Fengsheng (王鳳生)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0081, qingshigao:384:s0084

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: especially relied on Wang Fengsheng for Huai salt · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0086
Assessment: left century-long benefits in water, grain transport, and salt; shield and pillar of the state · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0201
Assessment: sincere in office and unafraid of resentment · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Person Id: Daoguang Emperor (道光帝)
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0192
Kind: illness · Statement: wind paralysis
Explicit · qingshigao:379:s0189

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 369Volume 369 Biographies 156: Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Da Hong A · 1 passage

Open chapter

先是總督陶澍奏濬三江，則徐方為臬司，綜理其事，旋以憂去。 Earlier, Governor-General Tao Shu had proposed dredging the Three Rivers. Lin, then serving as judicial commissioner, had overseen the project, but soon left office to mourn.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 375Volume 375 Biographies 162: Bai Rong, Sun Huan, Shi Zhiyan, Na Qingan, Sheng Yin, Li Zongfang, Yao Yuanzhi, He Rulin, Ji Zhichang, Lie Chuan · 2 passages

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時尚書穆彰阿、硃士彥亦奉命勘湖、河汎溢狀，穆彰阿先回京，鎔遂偕士彥履勘沿河閘壩工程，與總督陶澍定議以工代賑。 Ministers Mujiang'a and Zhu Shiyan had also been sent to assess flooding on lakes and rivers. Mujiang'a returned first, whereupon Bai Rong and Zhu Shiyan inspected sluice and dam projects along the waterways and, with Governor-General Tao Shu, adopted relief work in place of direct grain distribution.

先是，總督陶澍於江寧立豐備倉以備荒，縣令虧挪穀價，大吏許以他款抵。 Earlier, Governor-General Tao Shu had established the Fengbei Granary in Jiangning to prepare for famine. The county magistrate embezzled grain funds, and senior officials permitted offsetting with other funds.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 376Volume 376 Biographies 163: Xin Congyi, Zhang Lin, Gu Gao, Shen Weiqiao, Zhu Wei, Cheng Enze, Wu Jie · 1 passage

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於是巡撫陶澍奏禁紳衿包漕，橫索漕規，下學政稽查懲治。 Governor Tao Shu then memorialized to prohibit gentry and licentiates from monopolizing grain transport and extorting transport fees, directing the educational commissioner to investigate and punish offenders.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 379Volume 379 Biographies 166: Zhao Shenzhen, Lu Kun, Ceng Sheng, Tao Shu · 14 passages

Open chapter

趙慎畛盧坤曾勝陶澍 Zhao Shenzhen, Lu Kun, Zeng Sheng, and Tao Shu

陶澍，字云汀，湖南安化人。 Tao Shu, whose courtesy name was Yunting, came from Anhua in Hunan.

澍自為籓司時，鉤覈檔案，分別應劾、應償、應豁，於是三十餘年之糾轕，豁然一清。 While still provincial treasurer Shu audited the archives, distinguishing cases requiring impeachment, repayment, or remission, and thereby cleared away more than thirty years of accumulated entanglements at a stroke.

澍毅然以身任，奏請蘇、松、常、鎮、太五府州漕糧百六十餘萬石歸海運，親赴上海，籌僱商船，體恤商艱，群情踴躍。 Shu resolutely took personal responsibility, memorializing that the grain tribute of more than 1.6 million shi from Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, and Taicang be shifted to sea transport; he went in person to Shanghai, arranged the hiring of merchant vessels, showed consideration for the merchants' difficulties, and won widespread enthusiasm.

澍复疏言：「陋規日增，勢必取償小民。 Shu memorialized again: "These corrupt practices grow daily and will inevitably be recovered from the common people.

澍自巡漕時，條奏利害，至是先濬徒陽河，將以次舉劉河、白茆、練湖、孟瀆諸工。 Shu had laid out the advantages and disadvantages in detail while inspecting grain transport; now he first dredged the Tuyang River, planning in turn to undertake works on the Liu and Baimao rivers, Lian Lake, and the Mengdu channel.

澍疏陳積弊，請大刪浮費，以為補救。 Shu memorialized on the accumulated abuses and petitioned for drastic cuts in superfluous expenses as a remedy.

澍謂除弊即以興利，無事輕改舊制，偕鼎等合疏臚陳利害，條上十五事。 Shu argued that eliminating abuses was itself a way to increase revenue and that there was no need to alter the old system lightly; together with Ding and others he submitted a detailed joint memorial setting forth fifteen proposals.

澍受事，繳還鹽政養廉五千兩，裁減衙門陋規十六萬兩有奇，凡淮南之窩價，淮北之壩槓，兩淮之岸費，分別減除，歲計數百萬兩，分設內外二庫，正款貯內庫，雜項貯外庫，杜絕挪墊。 Shu took charge, returned the salt commissioner's five-thousand-tael integrity stipend, and cut yamen corrupt fees by more than one hundred sixty thousand taels; nest prices in Huainan, dam fees in Huaibei, and bank charges in the Two Hu were all reduced, saving several million taels a year; he established separate inner and outer treasuries, with regular funds in the inner treasury and miscellaneous items in the outer, thereby stopping diversions.

屢請復鹽政專職，皆不許，澍益感奮，力排眾議，毅然持之，卒獲成效。 He repeatedly petitioned to restore the separate salt commissioner—all were denied; Shu grew only more determined, forcefully rejected opposition, held firmly to his course, and finally achieved results.

澍承極弊之後，自十一年至十七年，淮南已完六綱有餘，淮北率一歲行兩綱之鹽，盡完從前滯欠，且割淮南懸引，兩淮共完正雜銀二千六百四十餘萬兩，庫貯實存三百餘萬兩。 Taking charge after the system had reached its lowest point, from the eleventh to the seventeenth year Shu saw Huainan complete six full quota cycles with a surplus, while Huaibei on average moved two cycles' worth of salt a year, clearing all previous arrears and applying Huainan's suspended quotas; the Two Hu together collected more than 26.4 million taels in regular and miscellaneous revenues, with more than three million taels actually in the treasury.

遺疏上，優詔軫惜，稱其「實心任事，不避嫌怨」，晉贈太子太保，依尚書例賜卹，賜其子桄主事，諡文毅。 When his death memorial reached the throne, an edict mourned him warmly, praising him as "sincere in office and unafraid of resentment," posthumously promoting him to Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, granting funeral honors according to the precedent for ministers, appointing his son Guang as a principal clerk, and giving him the posthumous title Wenyi.

澍見義勇為，胸無城府。 Shu acted boldly whenever he saw a righteous cause and harbored no hidden agendas.

陶澍治水利、漕運、鹽政，垂百年之利，為屏為翰，庶無媿焉。 Tao Shu's work on water conservancy, grain transport, and the salt monopoly left benefits that would last a century; as a shield and a pillar of the state, he had little to be ashamed of.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 11 passages

Open chapter

時陶澍為總督，賴其佐理焉。 Governor-General Tao Shu relied heavily on him to help run the province.

陶澍繼督兩江，與尚書王鼎、侍郎寶興會籌鹽法，合疏留鳳生襄議，於是大有興革，略與鳳生初議相出入； Tao Shu succeeded as governor-general of the Two Jiangs and, with Minister Wang Ding and Vice Minister Bao Xing, worked out salt reforms; they jointly memorialized to keep Fengsheng to help draft the plan, and the resulting overhaul largely followed, though not entirely, his original proposals;

尋淮北票鹽大暢，陶澍以鳳生首議功上聞，促之出，未行而卒。 Soon ticket salt north of the Huai was thriving; Tao Shu reported Fengsheng's pioneering role to the throne and urged him to return to service, but he died before he could set out.

四方大吏爭相疏調，少竟其用，惟治淮鹽尤為陶澍所倚藉焉。 Officials everywhere competed to have him transferred to their jurisdictions, yet few made full use of his talents; Tao Shu relied on him above all for reforming Huai salt.

初行海運，巡撫陶澍使赴上海集沙船與議，盡得要領，授江都知縣。 When sea transport was first introduced, Governor Tao Shu sent him to Shanghai to negotiate with the sand-shipping fleets; having mastered every detail, he was appointed magistrate of Jiangdu.

冕仕宦初為陶澍、林則徐所知，晚在籍為駱秉章所倚任。 Early in his career he won the notice of Tao Shu and Lin Zexu; in later years, while living at home, he was entrusted by Luo Bingzhang.

十年，宣宗以兩淮鹽法大壞，授陶澍為兩江總督，命尚書王鼎、侍郎寶興赴江南會議改革。 In the tenth year, seeing how badly the Liang-Huai salt system had decayed, the Xuanzong Emperor appointed Tao Shu governor-general of the Two Jiangs and sent Minister Wang Ding and Vice Minister Bao Xing to Jiangnan to plan reforms.

議上，陶澍深然之，乃與朝使定議，不歸場灶，仍用官商如故； When the memorial reached him, Tao Shu strongly agreed; he and the imperial commissioners then decided not to return revenue to the fields and furnaces but to keep the official-merchant system as before;

陶澍益賢之，薦其才可大用，以循良久在鹽官可惜，上亦嘉之，未及擢用而卒。 Tao Shu admired him all the more, recommended him for higher office, and lamented that a man of such talent should linger so long in the salt administration; the emperor praised him too, but he died before he could be promoted.

先後疆吏趙慎畛、陶澍、林則徐皆薦其可大用。 Frontier governors Zhao Shenque, Tao Shu, and Lin Zexu in turn recommended him for high office.

王鳳生、俞德淵佐陶澍治淮鹽，尤濟時之才。 Wang Fengsheng and Yu Deyuan assisted Tao Shu in reforming Huai salt—men of outstanding practical talent for their time.