Xiao Xiaomu (蕭孝穆)

Overview

The translated histories identify Xiao Xiaomu as an aristocrat, family member, general, and official. This record brings together 27 passages from 8 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Xiao Xiaomu	蕭孝穆	Xiao Xiaomu
Descriptive kinship	father of Empress Renyi	興宗仁懿皇后父
Childhood name	Hudujin	胡獨堇	Hudujin
Title	Nanjing Regent	南京留守
Epithet	national treasure minister	國寶臣
Title	Northern Court Privy Commissioner	北院樞密使
Title	Prince of Jin	晉國王
Surname	Xiao	蕭	Xiao
Personal name	Xiao Xiaomu	蕭孝穆	Xiao Xiaomu
Personal name	Xiao Xiaomu	蕭孝穆	Xiāo Xiàomù
Personal	Xiaomu	孝穆	Xiàomù
Given name	Xiaomu	孝穆	Xiaomu
Personal name	Xiaomu	孝穆	Xiàomù
Personal	Xiaomu	孝穆
Given	Xiaomu	孝穆	Xiàomù
Posthumous name	Zhen	貞	Zhen

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:067:s0161, liaoshi:090:s0082
Sex: male
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0005, liaoshi:114:s0003
Value: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:093:s0160

Roles

Aristocrat
Family Member
General
Official
Statesman

Life and dates

Death

Date: Source Date: Text: 重熙十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0147
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0097

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 重熙十二年 · Regnal Year: 12 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:093:s0160, liaoshi:093:s0166
Source Date: Text: 太平二年 · Reign Id: liao-taiping · Regnal Year: 2 · Western Year: AD 1022
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0016
Source Date: Text: 統和二十八年 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 28 · Western Year: AD 1010
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0008
Source Date: Text: 太平九年 · Reign Id: liao-taiping · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1029
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0018
Source Date: Text: 太平九年 · Reign Id: liao-taiping · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1029
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:088:s0110
Source Date: Text: 十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0068, liaoshi:019:s0069, liaoshi:019:s0086, liaoshi:019:s0097
Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1041
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:019:s0002, liaoshi:019:s0034
Source Date: Text: 興宗仁懿皇后父孝穆 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1031 · End: AD 1055
Explicit · liaoshi:067:s0161, liaoshi:067:s0168
Source Date: Text: 興宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:087:s0132
Source Date: Text: 重熙中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1032 · End: AD 1055
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:114:s0003, liaoshi:114:s0005
Source Date: Text: 重熙六年 · Western Year: AD 1037
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0133
Source Date: Text: 重熙六年 · Western Year: AD 1037
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:090:s0082, liaoshi:090:s0084
Source Date: Text: 重熙十三年 · Western Year: AD 1044
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:091:s0047, liaoshi:091:s0049
Source Date: Text: 重熙十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0147
Source Date: Text: 開泰元年 · Western Year: AD 1012
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0009

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Kin of Xiao Paizhe (蕭朮哲)
Kinship Term: paternal uncle / 伯父 · Line: paternal · Generation Distance: 1 · Intermediary Person Ids: Gao Jiu (高九)
Kin of Xiao Hudu (蕭胡睹)
Kinship Term: uncle / 伯父 · Subject Role: paternal-uncle · Object Role: nephew · Line: paternal · Generation Distance: 1
Descendant of Aguzhi (阿古只)
Kinship Term: fifth-generation descendant / 五世孫 · Generation Distance: 5 · Line: paternal
Sibling of Father of Xiao Hudu (蕭胡睹之父)
Kinship Term: brothers / 兄弟 · Shared Parentage: uncertain · Line: paternal
Sibling of Xiao Xiaoyou (蕭孝友)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: elder · Shared Parentage: full
Kinship Term: elder brother / 兄 · Subject Relative Age: younger · Shared Parentage: full
Parent of Empress Renyi of Xiao (仁懿皇后蕭氏)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: daughter
Child of Taogui (陶瑰)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Child of Mother of Xiao Xiaomu (蕭孝穆母)
Kinship Term: mother / 母 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: mother
Parent of Xiao Ala (蕭阿剌)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Parent of Ala (阿剌)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Saba (撒八)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Spouse of Wife of Xiao Xiaomu (蕭孝穆妻)
Kinship Term: wife / 妻子 · Union Category: marriage · Subject Role: husband · Object Role: wife
Sibling of Gao Jiu (高九)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: elder · Subject Role: elder-brother · Object Role: younger-brother · Shared Parentage: full
Sibling of Xiao Xiaoxian (蕭孝先)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: elder · Shared Parentage: full
Sibling of Xiao Xiaozhong (蕭孝忠)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: elder · Shared Parentage: full
Child of Taogui (陶瑰)
Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Ala (阿剌)
Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Kinship Role: children · Count: 2
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:087:s0027, liaoshi:087:s0035

Career and standing

Label: Chancellor of the Northern Commission / 北府宰相 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0014
Label: Commissioner of the Northern Bureau of Military Affairs / 北院樞密使 · Action: appointed · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 重熙六年 · Western Year: AD 1037
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0133
Label: Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs / 知樞密院事 · Action: appointed · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 太平二年 · Reign Id: liao-taiping · Regnal Year: 2 · Western Year: AD 1022
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0016
Label: Military Commissioner of the Jianxiong Army / 建雄軍節度使 · Action: appointed · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 開泰元年 · Western Year: AD 1012
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0009
Label: Northern Privy Commissioner / 北院樞密使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0086
Label: Pacification Commissioner-in-Chief of the Northwest Circuit / 西北路招討都監 · Action: appointed · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 統和二十八年 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 28 · Western Year: AD 1010
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0008
Label: Southern Privy Commissioner / 南院樞密使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0069
Label: Grand Chancellor / 大丞相 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:067:s0168
Label: Northern Court Privy Commissioner / 北院樞密使 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:090:s0082
Label: Southern or Northern Privy Commissioner / 南、北樞密 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0034
Label: Grand Chancellor / 大丞相 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0097
Label: Grand Chancellor / 大丞相 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0148
Title: Prince of Wu / 吳國王 · Action: advanced · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 重熙六年 · Western Year: AD 1037
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0133
Title: Prince of Yan / 燕王 · Action: enfeoffed · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 太平三年 · Reign Id: liao-taiping · Regnal Year: 3 · Western Year: AD 1023
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0017
Title: Prince of Wu / 吳國王 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0034
Title: Prince of Jin / 晉國王 · Action: posthumously-enfeoffed
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0097, liaoshi:087:s0148
Title: Prince of Qi / 齊國王 · Action: transferred-to
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0086
Title: Prince of Qin / 秦王 · Action: transferred · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 興宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1031
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0132

Places and affiliations

Polity Id: liao · Relation: served
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0034, liaoshi:087:s0008, liaoshi:090:s0001
Polity Id: liao · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:067:s0168

Works and attributed material

Work: Collected Works of the Treasure Elder / 寶老集 · Relation: author
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0034
Kind: memorial · Role: author · Other Person Id: Xingzong (興宗)
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0140, liaoshi:087:s0141, liaoshi:087:s0142, liaoshi:087:s0143, liaoshi:087:s0144
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quote: true
Explicit · liaoshi:093:s0160, liaoshi:093:s0161, liaoshi:093:s0162
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0030, liaoshi:087:s0031, liaoshi:087:s0033

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: suppressed · Other Person Id: Da Yanlin (大延琳) · Place: Pu River / 蒲水 · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 太平九年 · Reign Id: liao-taiping · Regnal Year: 9 · Western Year: AD 1029
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0018, liaoshi:087:s0019, liaoshi:087:s0021, liaoshi:087:s0022
Kind: policy-deliberation · Role: advised Xingzong on recovering ten counties · Other Person Id: Xingzong (興宗)
Explicit · liaoshi:019:s0034

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: national treasure minister · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · liaoshi:087:s0034, liaoshi:087:s0130

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Liao, Chapter 19Volume 19 Annals 19: Xingzong 2 · 4 passages

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上聞宋設關河，治壕塹，恐為邊患，與南、北樞密吳國王蕭孝穆、趙國王蕭貫寧謀取宋舊割關南十縣地，遂遣蕭英、劉六符使宋。 The Emperor heard that Song had fortified the passes and rivers and dug moats and feared it would become a border threat; with Southern and Northern Privy Commissioners Prince of Wu Xiao Xiaomu and Prince of Zhao Xiao Guanning he plotted to recover the ten Song counties south of the passes ceded in former times, and thereupon dispatched Xiao Ying and Liu Liufu as envoys to Song.

壬申，以吳國王蕭孝穆為南院樞密使，北府宰相蕭孝忠北院樞密使，封楚王，韓國王蕭惠北府宰相、同知元帥府事，韓八南院大王，耶律侯哂東京留守，北院樞密副使耶律仁先同知東京留守事，北面林牙蕭革北院樞密副使。 On renshen day Prince of Wu Xiao Xiaomu was appointed Southern Privy Commissioner; Northern Chancellor Xiao Xiaozhong was made Northern Privy Commissioner and enfeoffed as Prince of Chu; Prince of Han Xiao Hui was made Northern Chancellor and co-administrator of the marshal headquarters; Han Ba was made Southern Court great king; Yelü Houshen was appointed Eastern Capital regent; Northern Privy Vice Commissioner Yelü Renxian was made co-administrator of Eastern Capital regent affairs; and Northern Court linya Xiao Ge was appointed Northern Privy Vice Commissioner.

甲子，以南院樞密使吳國王蕭孝穆為北院樞密使，徙封齊國王。 On jiazi day Southern Privy Commissioner Prince of Wu Xiao Xiaomu was appointed Northern Privy Commissioner and transferred in enfeoffment to Prince of Qi.

己亥，北院樞密使蕭孝穆薨，追贈大丞相、晉國王。 On jihai day Northern Privy Commissioner Xiao Xiaomu died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Chancellor and Prince of Jin.

History of Liao, Chapter 67Volume 67 Tables 5: Families of Imperial Consorts · 2 passages

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興宗仁懿皇后父孝穆 Xiaomu, father of Empress Renyi, consort of Emperor Xingzong

大丞相孝穆。 Xiaomu, Grand Chancellor.

History of Liao, Chapter 87Volume 87 Biographies 17: · 15 passages

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蕭孝穆 Xiao Xiaomu

蕭孝穆，小字胡獨堇，淳欽皇后弟阿古只五世孫。 Xiao Xiaomu, whose childhood name was Hudujin, was a fifth-generation descendant of Aguzhi, the younger brother of Empress Chunqin.

孝穆廉謹有禮法。 Xiaomu was upright and discreet, and he upheld ritual and law.

是年術烈等變，孝穆擊走之。 That same year, when Shulie and others rose in revolt, Xiaomu drove them off.

阻卜結五群牧長查剌、阿睹等，謀中外相應，孝穆悉誅之，乃嚴備禦以待，餘黨遂潰。 Zhala, Adu, and other chieftains of five Zubu herds plotted to act in concert within and beyond the borders. Xiaomu put them all to death, tightened defenses, and waited; the rest of the plotters then broke apart.

九年，大延琳以東京叛，孝穆為都統討之，戰於蒲水。 In the ninth year, when Da Yanlin rebelled at Dongjing, the Eastern Capital, Xiaomu was appointed overall commander to suppress him and gave battle at the Pu River.

孝穆圍之，築重城，起樓櫓，使內外不相通，城中撤屋以爨。 Xiaomu laid siege, threw up outer walls and siege towers, and severed all contact between the city and the outside world. Inside, the defenders pulled down houses for firewood.

興宗即位，徙王秦，尋復為南京留守。 When Emperor Xingzong took the throne, Xiaomu was transferred to Prince of Qin and soon again became Military Governor of Nanjing.

孝穆諫曰：「昔太祖南伐，終以無功。 Xiaomu remonstrated, saying, "In former times Taizu campaigned south and ultimately achieved no success.

追贈大丞相、晉國王，謚曰貞。 He was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Chancellor and Prince of Jin, with the posthumous title Zhen.

孝穆雖椒房親，位高益畏。 Though Xiaomu was of the empress's clan, the higher he rose, the more cautious he became.

時稱為「國寶臣」，目所著文曰《寶老集》。 His contemporaries called him a "national treasure minister," and they referred to his collected writings as 《Collected Works of the Treasure Elder》.

後以葬兄孝穆、孝忠，還京師，拜南院樞密使，加賜翊聖協穆保義功臣，進王趙，拜中書令。 Later, after returning to the capital to bury his elder brothers Xiaomu and Xiaozhong, he was appointed Commissioner of the Southern Bureau of Military Affairs, granted the additional merit title Assisting the Sage, Harmonizing with Mu, and Preserving Righteousness, advanced to Prince of Zhao, and made Director of the Secretariat.

蕭孝穆之諫南侵，其意防何其弘遠歟，是豈瞋目語難者所能知哉！ Yet when Xiao Xiaomu remonstrated against the southern invasion, how far-reaching his foresight was — how could men who glare and shout in debate ever grasp it!

為「國寶臣」，宜矣。 To call him a "national treasure minister" was only fitting.

History of Liao, Chapter 88Volume 88 Biographies 18: Xiao Dilie, Yelu Pennu, Xiao Paiya, Yelu Zizhong, Yelu Yaozhi, Yelu Honggu, Gao Zheng, Yelu Delu, Da Kangyi · 2 passages

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九年，渤海大延琳叛，劫掠鄰部，與南京留守蕭孝穆往討。 In the ninth year, when the Bohai leader Dayan Lin rebelled and raided neighboring tribes, he campaigned with Nanjing Regent Xiao Xiaomu to suppress him.

孝穆欲全城降，乃築重城圍之，數月，城中人陰來納款，遂擒延琳，東京平，以功封蘭陵郡王。 Xiaomu wished to secure the city by surrender and built heavy fortifications to besiege it. After several months people inside secretly came to submit, Dayan Lin was captured, the Eastern Capital was pacified, and for this Pike was enfeoffed Prince of Lanling.

History of Liao, Chapter 90Volume 90 Biographies 20: Xiao Ala, Yelu Yixian, Xiao Taowei, Xiao Talage, Yelu Dilu · 1 passage

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蕭阿剌，字阿裏懶，北院樞密使孝穆之子也。 Xiao Ala, styled Alailan, was the son of Northern Court Privy Commissioner Xiao Xiaomu.

History of Liao, Chapter 91Volume 91 Biographies 21: Yelu Hanba, Yelu Tanggu, Xiao Paizhe, Yelu Jue, Yelu Pulidu · 1 passage

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蕭朮哲，字石魯隱，孝穆弟高九之子。 Xiao Paizhe, style name Shiluyin, was the son of Gao Jiu, younger brother of Xiaomu.

History of Liao, Chapter 93Volume 93 Biographies 23: Xiao Hui, Xiao Yulu, Xiao Tuyu, Yelu Duozhen · 1 passage

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蕭孝穆曰：「我先朝與宋和好，無罪伐之，其曲在我； Xiao Xiaomu said, "Our previous dynasty made peace with Song; to attack them without cause puts us in the wrong;

History of Liao, Chapter 114Volume 114 Biographies 44: Rebellious Officials 3 · 1 passage

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口吃，視斜，發卷，伯父孝穆見之曰：「是兒狀貌，族中未嘗有。」 He stuttered, his eyes looked askew, and his hair curled; when his uncle Xiao Xiaomu saw him he said, "This boy's looks are unlike anything our clan has ever produced."