Ye Zhichao (葉志超) | 24 Histories

Overview

Ye Zhichao was a Defeated commander in Sino-Japanese War.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Shuqing	曙青	Shǔqīng

Life and dates

Death

AD 1901 歲餘
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 95

Attested activity

AD 1894 光緒二十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 157
AD 1894 to AD 1895 中日之役
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 241
AD 1894 二十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 39
AD 1900 光緒二十六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 95
AD 1894 光緒二十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 460, passages 13, 16; Draft History of Qing 461, passage 115
AD 1894 光緒二十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 67

Show 7 more source-backed claims

AD 1875 to AD 1879 光緒初
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 62
AD 1891 光緒十七年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 462, passages 64-65
AD 1889 光緒十五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 64
AD 1865 to AD 1868 徵捻
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 58
AD 1894 日韓亂起
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 467, passage 70
AD 1895 次年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 94
AD 1895 葉志超
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 437, passage 208

Key source chapters

Career and standing

acting commander of Zhengding garrison 署正定鎮總兵
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 62
commander-in-chief of all forces 總統諸軍
Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 16; Draft History of Qing 462, passage 79
Commander-in-Chief 總統
Dismissed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 39
regimental commander 總兵
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 58
Zhili provincial commander 直隸提督
Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 64
Zhengding garrison commander (substantive) 正定鎮總兵
Substantively appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 63

Show 9 more source-backed claims

hereditary office 世職
Awarded
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 66
yellow riding jacket 黃馬褂
Awarded
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 66
Etu Hun Batulu 額圖渾巴圖魯
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 59
twenty thousand taels reward for troops 賞銀二萬
Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 79
dismissal from commander-in-chief 罷總統
Dismissed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 39
Received
Pardon
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 95
decapitation after imprisonment 斬監候
Death sentence suspended · Sentenced · At Beijing 京師
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 94
Sought
Proposed arrest and punishment · Authority Xu Zhixiang (徐致祥)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 241
stripped of office 奪職
Dismissal · Suffered
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 93

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 241; Draft History of Qing 461, passages 39, 115; Draft History of Qing 494, passage 157
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 462, passages 62, 64
At Hefei, Anhui 安徽合肥
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 57
AD 1894 光緒二十年
At Gongzhou 公州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 157
AD 1894 光緒二十年
At Korea 朝鮮 · Relation Campaigned in
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 157
At Shanhaiguan 山海關 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 63

Show 1 more source-backed claim

Organization Huai Army 淮軍 · Relation Member of
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 58

Events and relationships

Abandoned Anju and Dingzhou crossed Yalu
Military · Fugitive
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passages 91-92
Abandoned Gongju and fled
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 77
Campaigned against Nian
Military · Soldier · With Liu Mingchuan (劉銘傳)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 58
Dismissed after Pyongyang fell
Political · Dismissed commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 39
Exaggerated Seonghwan report
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 79
Failed defense of Pyongyang
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passages 80, 87

Show 10 more source-backed claims

Fought at Huai City Tianchang Chahe
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 59
Held
AD 1894 光緒二十年 · Military · Commander · At Gongzhou 公州 · Summary Marched to aid Korea and held Gongzhou 統軍往援，扼守公州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 157
Ordered withdrawal
AD 1894 光緒二十年 · Military · Commander · At Pyongyang 平壤
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 115
Proposed for arrest and punishment
AD 1894 to AD 1895 中日之役 · Legal · Accused · With Xu Zhixiang (徐致祥)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 444, passage 241
Raised white flag then fled north
Military · Fugitive
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 87
Stationed at Asan
Military · Commander · With Nie Shicheng (聶士成) · At Asan 牙山
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 67
Suppressed Rehe sect rebels
Military · Commander · With Li Guozhen (李國珍)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passages 65-66
Relation Commander of · Person Ma Yukun (馬玉昆)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 115
Relation Predecessor of · Person Song Qing (宋慶)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 39
Relation Superior of · Person Jiang Zikang (江自康)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 17

Assessments and attributes

Assessment falsely reported victories · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 16
Assessment lost army and territory, shamelessly clung to life · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 98
wounded at Huai City
Injury
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 462, passage 59

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passages 39, 115; Draft History of Qing 494, passage 157

References in the histories

Search passages

History

35 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 437Volume 437 Biographies 224: Rong Lu, Wang Wenshao, Zhang Zhidong, Qu Hongji · 1 passage

Open chapter

又：「葉志超、龔照嶼等敗軍辱國，罪當死。 He also wrote: "Ye Zhichao, Gong Zhaoyu, and others shamed the nation in defeat and deserve death.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 444Volume 444 Biographies 231: Huang Tifang, Zong Shibaoting, Zong Shishengyu, Zhang Peilun, Deng Chengxiu, Xu Zhixiang · 1 passage

Open chapter

中日之役，我師敗績，上奕劻、李鴻章誤國狀，請逮葉志超、衛汝貴等寘之法，而畀馮子材、劉永福以征討名號，庶可振國威、作士氣。 After China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War he denounced Yikuang and Li Hongzhang for betraying the nation, urged that Ye Zhichao, Wei Rugui, and others be arrested and punished, and proposed giving Feng Zicai and Liu Yongfu formal command to restore national prestige and revive army morale.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 460Volume 460 Biographies 247: Zuo Baogui Younger Brother: Bao Xian, Yong Shan, Deng Shichang, Liu Buchan, Lin Taiceng, Dai Zongqian · 4 passages

Open chapter

是時葉志超虛飾戰胜狀，電李鴻章入告，遂拜總統諸軍命。 At that time Ye Zhichao dressed up false reports of victory and telegraphed Li Hongzhang with the news, and was accordingly appointed commander-in-chief of all forces.

於是汝貴、玉昆軍南門外大同江，志超部將江自康軍北門外小山，寶貴任城守。 Rugui and Yukun took position on the Datong River south of the southern gate; Ye Zhichao's subordinate Jiang Zikang held the hill north of the northern gate; and Baogui was charged with defending the city itself.

志超乃聚全軍為嬰城計。 Ye Zhichao then drew the whole army together to hold the city behind its walls.

志超將潰圍北歸，寶貴不從，以兵守志超勿令逸。 Ye Zhichao was preparing to break out northward; Baogui refused to go along and posted troops to keep Ye from slipping away.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 461Volume 461 Biographies 248: Song Qing, Lv Benyuan, Xu Bangdao, Ma Yukun, Yi Ke Tang A, Rong He, Zhang Shun · 2 passages

Open chapter

軍未集而平壤已失，廷旨罷總統葉志超，以慶代之。 Before the armies had fully assembled, Pyongyang had already fallen; the court dismissed Commander-in-Chief Ye Zhichao and put Qing in his place.

已而玄武門失，葉志超令其速撤軍，乃歸平壤。 Soon afterward Xuanwu Gate fell; Ye Zhichao ordered a rapid withdrawal, and Yukun pulled back into Pyongyang.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 462Volume 462 Biographies 249: Ding Ruchang, Wei Rugui Younger Brother: Ru Cheng, Ye Zhichao · 20 passages

Open chapter

丁汝昌衛汝貴弟汝成葉志超 Ding Ruchang; Wei Rugui; Ru Cheng, his younger brother; and Ye Zhichao

鴻章方據葉志超牒奏捷，俄而安東、鳳凰陷，踉蹌走岫岩，岫岩陷，走奉天。 Hongzhang was at that moment reporting victory on Ye Zhichao's word; soon Andong and Fengcheng fell, and Rugui fled in disarray to Xiuyan, then, when Xiuyan fell, on to Fengtian.

葉志超，字曙青，安徽合肥人。 Ye Zhichao, whose style was Shuqing, came from Hefei in Anhui.

戰淮城被創，仍奮擊卻之，逐北天長，又敗之汊河，賜號額圖渾巴圖魯。 Wounded in action at Huai City, he still drove the enemy back; pursuing north to Tianchang he defeated them again at Chahe and received the honorific Etu Hun Batulu.

越二年，熱河教匪亂，志超率師討之。 Two years later, when sect rebels rose in Rehe, Zhichao led an expedition against them.

志超遲留不進，鴻章責之，不得已啟行。 Zhichao lingered and refused to march; Hongzhang rebuked him, and he set out only when he had no choice.

而日軍已據王京要隘，牙山兵甚單，駐朝商務委員袁世凱數約志超電請北洋發戰艦赴仁川，增陸軍駐馬坡。 Japanese troops had already seized the key passes around the capital, and the detachment at Asan was dangerously small; Yuan Shikai, China's commercial commissioner in Korea, repeatedly urged Zhichao by wire to request Beiyang warships for Inchon and more infantry at Mapo.

鴻章始終欲據條約，恐增兵為彼藉口，勿許，並戒志超毋啟釁。 Hongzhang clung to treaty arguments, fearing reinforcements would give Japan a pretext, and refused; he also warned Zhichao not to provoke a clash.

士成謂志超曰：「海道既梗，牙山絕地，不可守。 Shicheng told Zhichao: "The sea lanes are cut, and Asan is an exposed salient—we cannot hold it.

志超從之。 Zhichao agreed.

日軍偪成歡，士成以無援敗，趨公州就志超。 Japanese forces pressed Seonghwan; without reinforcements Shicheng was beaten and fell back to Gongju to join Zhichao.

而志超已棄公州，間道出漢陽東，士成追及之。 Zhichao had already abandoned Gongju and slipped away east of Hanyang by a back road; Shicheng caught up with him there.

志超以成歡一役殺傷相當，鋪張電鴻章，鴻章以聞，獲嘉獎，賞銀二萬犒軍，拜總統諸軍之命。 Zhichao wired Hongzhang claiming that casualties at Seonghwan had been roughly even; Hongzhang passed the report upward, and Zhichao received imperial praise, twenty thousand taels to reward the troops, and command over all the forces in the field.

志超意甚滿，日置酒高會，徒築壘環砲為守。 Zhichao grew complacent, held lavish feasts every day, and did nothing but pile up earthworks and ring the city with guns.

東南二路戰少利，志超莫敢縱兵，趣回城。 On the southeastern fronts the fighting went slightly in China's favor, yet Zhichao would not commit his troops and ordered them back into the city.

志超將私逸，寶貴不從，以兵監之。 Zhichao tried to slip away on his own; Baogui refused to allow it and set guards over him.

志超亟樹白幟乞罷戰，日人議受降，請帥兵歸，弗許，乃潛向北走。 Zhichao hastily raised a white flag to sue for a truce; the Japanese talked of accepting surrender and letting him withdraw, but in the end refused; he then stole away north in secret.

志超奔安州，士成謂安地備險奧，可固守，弗聽。 Zhichao fled to Anju; Shicheng argued that its rugged terrain could be held, but Zhichao would not listen.

事聞，奪志超職，鴻章請留營效力，弗許。 When word reached the court, Zhichao was stripped of rank; Hongzhang asked that he be allowed to serve in camp, but the request was denied.

汝貴、志超喪師失地，遺臭鄰邦，靦然求活，終不免於國典，何其不知恥哉？ Rugui and Zhichao lost their armies and their territory, shamed China before its neighbors, yet calmly clung to life until the law caught them anyway—what could be more shameless?

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 6 passages

Open chapter

逾歲，日韓亂起，隨提督葉志超軍牙山。 A year later, when trouble broke out between Japan and Korea, he followed Provincial Commander Ye Zhichao's army to Asan.

聞高升兵艦毀，語志超曰：「海道梗，牙山不可守。 When he learned that the transport Kowshing had been sunk, he told Zhichao: "The sea lane is cut; Asan cannot be held.

從之。 Zhichao took his advice.

遂出險，往就志超。 They thus got clear of the trap and rejoined Zhichao.

志超已棄公州行，追及之。 Zhichao had already abandoned Gongju and marched on; Shicheng caught up with him.

志超逮問，宋慶接統諸軍，遣士成守虎山。 Zhichao was arrested and brought to trial; Song Qing took command of the armies and sent Shicheng to hold Tiger Mountain.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 494Volume 494 Biographies 281: Loyal and Righteous 8 · 1 passage

Open chapter

光緒二十年，日本犯朝鮮，葉志超統軍往援，扼守公州，聶士成率五營駐成歡驛。 In the twentieth year of Guangxu (1894) Japan invaded Korea; Ye Zhichao marched to its aid and held Gongzhou, while Nie Shicheng stationed five battalions at Chenghuan.