Zhang Yanzhe (張彥澤)

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhang Yanzhe as a general, military officer, and rebel. This record brings together 30 passages from 8 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhang Yanzhe	張彥澤	Zhāng Yànzé
Given name	Yanze	彥澤
Alternate name	Yanzhe	彥澤
Given	Yanzhe	彦泽	Yanzhe
Personal name	Zhang Yanze	張彥澤	Zhang Yanze
Personal name	Zhang Yanze	張彥澤
Personal	Zhang Yanze	張彥澤	Zhang Yanze
Personal name	Zhang Yanzhe	張彥澤	Zhāng Yànzé
Personal name	Zhang Yanzhe	張彥澤	Zhang Yanzhe
Personal	Zhang Yanzhe	張彥澤	Zhang Yanzhe
Personal name	Zhang Yanzhe	张彦泽	Zhang Yanzhe

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:086:s0015, liaoshi:076:s0008, xinwudaishi:009:s0169
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:096:s0215, xinwudaishi:029:s0037
Value: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:008:s0124

Roles

General
Military Officer
Rebel

Life and dates

Death

Expression: beheaded in the marketplace / 斬於市 · Manner: execution
Explicit · liaoshi:076:s0011
Manner: execution · Place: market / 市
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:085:s0090

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 三年九月辛丑 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:009:s0169
Source Date: Text: 三年十二月 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:009:s0178
Source Date: Text: 三年十二月壬申 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:009:s0180
Source Date: Text: 天福七年夏 · Western Year: AD 942
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:096:s0128
Source Date: Text: 契丹入汴 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:096:s0215
Source Date: Text: 契丹犯京师 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:029:s0037, xinwudaishi:029:s0049
Source Date: Text: 明年正月己丑 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:085:s0090
Source Date: Text: 會同九年 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit · liaoshi:076:s0008, liaoshi:076:s0011
Source Date: Text: 紀年語境（天福4年） · Western Year: AD 939
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:008:s0124
Source Date: Text: 邠州節度使張彥澤 · Western Interval: Start: AD 936 · End: AD 947
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:119:s0168
Source Date: Text: 開運三年十一月 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:085:s0021
Source Date: Text: 開運三年十二月 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:085:s0040
Source Date: Text: 開運四年 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:086:s0015

Career and standing

Label: campaign cavalry array chief / 行營馬軍排陣使 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0169
Status: defector · Action: surrendered-to-khitan
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0178
Status: executed · Action: beheaded · Reason: plundering the capital
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:085:s0090, jiuwudaishi:085:s0092

Places and affiliations

Label: Khitan / 契丹 · Relation: defected-to
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0178
Label: Later Jin / 晉 · Relation: served
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0169

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quote: true
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0044

Events and relationships

Kind: diplomatic · Role: envoy · Action: arrived
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:086:s0015
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated western raiders at Jingzhou and captured their chief · Other Person Id: Yeliluoxiadú (野離羅蝦獨)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:008:s0124
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Counterpart: Khitan / 契丹 · Place: Xinxing / 新興 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 辛丑 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0169
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: entered-capital · Place: Bianzhou / 汴州
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:085:s0040, jiuwudaishi:085:s0045
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: pressed-palace · Place: Bian / 汴
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:096:s0215
Kind: military · Role: defector · Action: rebelled-and-surrendered · Counterpart: Khitan / 契丹 · Other Person Ids: Du Wei (杜威), Li Shouzhen (李守貞) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年十二月 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0178
Kind: plunder · Role: perpetrator · Action: seized-estate · Other Person Id: Sang Weihan (桑維翰)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0051
Kind: military · Role: attacker · Action: stormed-capital-and-killed · Other Person Id: Sang Weihan (桑維翰) · Place: capital / 京師 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 壬申 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0180
Kind: killing · Role: perpetrator · Action: strangled · Other Person Id: Sang Weihan (桑維翰)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:029:s0049
Kind: military · Role: actor · Action: Zhongdu-catastrophe
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:119:s0169

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 85Volume 85 Book of Later Jin 11: Emperor Shao 4 · 10 passages

Open chapter

會張彥澤領騎自鎮定至，且言契丹可破之狀，於是大軍西趨鎮州。 Zhang Yanzhe then arrived from Zhen and Ding with cavalry, reporting that the Khitans could be beaten, and the main army turned west toward Zhenzhou.

是夜，相州節度使張彥澤受契丹命，率先鋒二千人，自封丘門斬關而入。 That night Zhang Yanzhe, military governor of Xiangzhou, acting on Khitan orders led two thousand vanguard troops through Fengqiu Gate after cutting down the barrier.

癸酉旦，張彥澤頓兵於明德門外，京城大擾。 At dawn on guiyou Zhang Yanzhe encamped outside the Gate of Illustrious Virtue and the capital fell into uproar.

是夜，偵知張彥澤已至滑州，召李崧、馮玉、李彥韜入內計事，方議詔河東劉知遠起兵赴難，至五鼓初，張彥澤引蕃騎入京。 That night scouts reported Zhang Yanzhe at Huazhou; Li Song, Feng Yu, and Li Yantao were called in to deliberate and were debating an edict for Liu Zhiyuan of Hedong to march to the rescue when at the fifth watch Zhang Yanzhe led Khitan cavalry into the capital.

大內都點檢康福全在寬仁門宿衛，登樓覘賊，彥澤呼而下之。 Kang Fuquan, chief inspector of the inner palace, was on guard at Kuanren Gate; he climbed the tower to watch the enemy until Yanzhe called him down.

孫臣某言：今月十七日寅時，相州節度使張彥澤、都監傅住兒部領大軍入京，賫到翁皇帝賜太后書示，於滹沱河降下杜重威一行馬步兵士，見領蕃漢步騎來幸汴州者。 Your grandson-subject reports: at the yin hour on the seventeenth Zhang Yanzhe, military governor of Xiangzhou, and chief inspector Fu Zhu'er entered the capital with a great army, bringing the letter the Imperial Father sent the empress dowager; Du Chongwei's horse and foot had surrendered at the Hutuo, and Khitan and Han forces were now marching on Bianzhou.

甲戌，張彥澤遷帝與太后及諸宮屬於開封府，遣控鶴指揮使李榮將兵監守。 On jiaxu Zhang Yanzhe moved the emperor, empress dowager, and palace household to the Kaifeng prefectural offices and set Li Rong, commander of the Crane-Control Guard, to watch them with troops.

帝以契丹主將至，欲與太后出迎，彥澤先表之，稟契丹主之旨報云：「比欲許爾朝覲上國，臣僚奏言，豈有兩個天子道路相見！ When the Khitan lord was expected the emperor wished to go out with the empress dowager to welcome him; Yanzhe reported the Khitan reply: "We meant to let you come to court in the superior state, but your ministers said, How can two Sons of Heaven meet on the road!

己丑，斬張彥澤於市，以其剽劫京城，恣行屠害也。 On jichou Zhang Yanzhe was beheaded in the market for plundering the capital and slaughtering at will.

〈（《遼史》云：以張彥澤擅徙重貴開封，殺桑維翰，縱兵大掠，不道，斬於市。）〉 (The History of Liao says Zhang Yanzhe was beheaded in the market for moving Chonggui to Kaifeng on his own authority, killing Sang Weihan, and letting his troops loot the city.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 86Volume 86 Book of Later Jin 12: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 1 passage

Open chapter

《契丹國志》載晉出帝降表云：「晉室皇太后媳婦李氏妾言：張彥澤、傅住兒等至，伏蒙皇帝阿翁降書安撫者。 The Khitan State Annals preserves the Deposed Emperor of Jin's surrender memorial, which reads: "The daughter-in-law of the Jin imperial house, Empress Dowager Lady Li, your handmaid, says: When Zhang Yanze, Fu Zhu'er, and the others arrived, I prostrated myself and received Your Majesty the Emperor and Grandfather's gracious letter of reassurance.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 96Volume 96 Book of Later Jin 22: Biographies 11: Kong Chongbi, Chen Baoji, Wang Yu, Zhang Jizuo, Zhen Ruan, Hu Rao, Liu Suiqing, Fang Gao, Meng Chenghui, Liu Jixun, Zheng Shouyi, Cheng Xun, Li Yu, Zheng Xuansu, Ma Zhongji, Chen Xuan · 3 passages

Open chapter

及契丹入汴，張彥澤引兵逼宮城，少帝召承誨計之，承誨匿身不赴。 When the Khitans entered Bian, Zhang Yanzhe led troops to press the palace walls. The young emperor summoned Chenghui to counsel him, but Chenghui hid himself and did not come.

少帝既出宮，寓於開封府舍，具以承誨背恩之事告彥澤，令捕而殺之，其妻女並配部族。 After the young emperor left the palace and lodged at the Kaifeng prefectural offices, he fully told Yanzhe of Chenghui's betrayal of favor and ordered him captured and killed; his wife and daughters were both assigned to tribal peoples.

天福七年夏，以張彥澤數為不道，上章請行國典，旬日不報。 In the summer of the seventh Tianfu year, citing Zhang Yanzhe's repeated outrages, he memorialized that the law be enforced against him; for ten days the court gave no answer.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 119Volume 119 Book of Later Zhou 21: Shizong Annals 6 · 1 passage

Open chapter

且濤事晉高祖，曾上疏論邠州節度使張彥澤蓄無君心，宜早圖之，不然則為國患。 Moreover, Tao served Gaozu of Later Jin and once memorialized that Zhang Yanzhe, military commissioner of Bin, harbored disloyal intent and should be dealt with early, or he would become a national calamity.

History of Liao, Chapter 76Volume 76 Biographies 6: Yelu Jieli, Yelu Balide, Yelu Shuogu, Yelu Lubugu, Zhao Yanshou, Gao Mohan, Zhao Siwen, Yelu Oulisi, Zhang Li · 3 passages

Open chapter

上命解裏與降將張彥澤率騎兵三千疾趨河南，所至無敢當其鋒。 The emperor ordered Jieli and the surrendered general Zhang Yanze to lead three thousand horsemen in a swift drive into Henan; nowhere they went did anyone dare stand against their charge.

彥澤恣殺掠，亂宮掖，解裏不能禁，百姓騷然，莫不怨憤。 Yanze killed and plundered at will and threw the inner palace into chaos; Jieli could not stop him, the people were in an uproar, and everyone seethed with resentment.

車駕至京，數彥澤罪，斬於市，汴人大悅。 When the emperor reached the capital, he recounted Yanze's crimes and had him beheaded in the marketplace, to the great joy of the people of Bian.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 8Volume 8 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu · 1 passage

Open chapter

西戎寇涇州，彰義軍節度使張彥澤敗之，執其首領野離羅蝦獨。 Western tribes struck Jing; Zhang Yanze of Zhangyi drove them off and took their chief Yeliluoxiadú prisoner.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 9Volume 9 Later Jin Annals 2: the Emperor That Fled · 3 passages

Open chapter

辛丑，行營馬軍排陣使張彥澤及契丹戰於新興，敗之。 On xinchou Zhang Yanze, chief of the campaign horse array, met the Khitan at Xinxing and drove them off.

杜威、李守貞、張彥澤以其軍叛降於契丹。 Du Wei, Li Shouzhen, and Zhang Yanze turned their armies and defected to the Khitan.

壬申，張彥澤犯京師，殺開封尹桑維翰。 On renshen Zhang Yanze stormed the capital and killed Sang Weihan, metropolitan magistrate of Kaifeng.