Song, Liao, and Jin · Ruler

Emperor Renzong 仁宗

Renzong

Died AD 1063

Passages
24
Chapters
7
Histories
3

Overview

The translated histories identify Emperor Renzong as a ruler. This record brings together 24 passages from 7 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

RolesRuler

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal Emperor Renzong 仁宗 Renzong
Title Emperor 皇帝 Huangdi
Title Emperor Renzong
Temple Emperor Renzong 仁宗 Renzong
Temple Emperor Renzong 仁宗 Rénzōng
Temple Renzong 仁宗
Temple name Renzong 仁宗 Renzong
Temple Renzong 仁宗 Renzong
Temple name Renzu 仁祖 Renzu
Temple name Song Renzong 宋仁宗 Song Renzong

Identity

Historicity
Historical
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Ruler

Life and dates

Death

  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉祐八年 · Western Year: AD 1063
    Explicit · songshi:013:s0025

Attested activity

  • Source Date: Text: 乾興元年 · Western Year: AD 1022
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:144:s0150
  • Source Date: Text: 仁、英、哲之世 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1022 · End: AD 1100
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:144:s0168
  • Source Date: Text: 仁宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1022 · End: AD 1063
    Strongly inferred · songshi:112:s0016
  • Source Date: Text: 仁宗嘉祐四年 · Western Year: AD 1059
    Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0115
  • Source Date: Text: 仁宗天聖元年 · Western Year: AD 1023
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:107:s0013
  • Source Date: Text: 元祐二年 · Western Year: AD 1087
    Explicit · songshi:110:s0135
  • Source Date: Text: 嘉祐八年 · Western Year: AD 1063
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:013:s0025
  • Source Date: Text: 嘉祐四年十月 · Western Year: AD 1059
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:107:s0017
  • Source Date: Text: 天禧初 · Western Year: AD 1017
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:112:s0158, songshi:112:s0159
  • Source Date: Text: 天聖二年十一月 · Western Year: AD 1024
    Explicit · songshi:110:s0108
  • Source Date: Text: 宋仁宗朝 · Western Interval: Start: AD 1022 · End: AD 1063
    Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:286:s0048
  • Source Date: Text: 康定元年 · Western Year: AD 1040
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:144:s0057
  • Source Date: Text: 明道元年 · Western Year: AD 1032
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:013:s0005

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

  • Child of Empress Liu (劉氏)
    Kinship Term: empress dowager / 太后 · Parentage: uncertain · Subject Role: empress-dowager · Object Role: emperor · Relationship State: active
  • Child of Empress Dowager (皇太后)
    Kinship Term: Empress Dowager / 皇太后 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son
  • Spouse of Empress Dowager (皇太后)
    Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Subject Role: husband · Object Role: wife
  • Parent of Prince Yu (豫王)
    Kinship Term: Prince Yu / 豫王 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Career and standing

  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾興元年 · Western Year: AD 1022
    Explicit · songshi:144:s0150

Places and affiliations

Works and attributed material

  • Kind: edict · Role: authority · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 仁宗嘉祐四年 · Western Year: AD 1059
    Explicit · jiuwudaishi:120:s0115
  • Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quote: true
    Explicit · songshi:013:s0012

Events and relationships

  • Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: birthday-festival-established · Label: Qianyuan Festival / 乾元節
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0016
  • Kind: accident · Role: ruler · Action: carriage-head-damaged-on-tour · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉祐六年 · Western Year: AD 1061 · Place: Residence of Amicable Kinship / 睦親宅
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:144:s0117
  • Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: ordered-ritual-review · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 康定元年 · Western Year: AD 1040
    Explicit · songshi:144:s0073
  • Kind: ritual · Role: officiant · Action: performed-xia-sacrifice · Place: Imperial Ancestral Temple / 太廟 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉祐四年十月 · Western Year: AD 1059
    Explicit · songshi:107:s0017

Source notes

  • Statement: Tianzhen Festival renamed Tianqi because of Renzong taboo name
    Explicit · songshi:112:s0159

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 120Volume 120 Book of Later Zhou 22: Emperor Gong Annals · 1 passage
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Draft History of Qing, Chapter 286Volume 286 Biographies 73: Wang Shan, Lao Zhibian, Zhu Tianbao, Tao Yi · 1 passage
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History of Song, Chapter 13Volume 13 Annals 13: Yingzong · 10 passages
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History of Song, Chapter 107Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 · 6 passages
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仁宗天聖元年，禮官言：「真宗神主祔廟，已行吉祭，三年之制，又從易月之文，自天禧二年四月禘享，至今已及五年，合行禘禮。」 In the first year of the Tiansheng era, ritual officials reported: "Now that Emperor Zhenzong's spirit tablet has been installed in the ancestral temple and the auspicious installation sacrifice completed, and with the three-year mourning period observed according to the abbreviated mourning rule, five full years have passed since the dì sacrifice of the fourth month, second year of Tianxi. It is time to perform the dì rite again."
嘉祐四年十月，仁宗親 詣太廟行祫享禮，以宰臣富弼為祫享大禮使，韓琦為禮儀使，樞密使宋庠為儀仗使，參知政事曾公亮為橋道頓遞使，樞密副使程戡為鹵簿使。 In the tenth month of the fourth year of Jiayou, Emperor Renzong went in person to the Imperial Ancestral Temple to perform the xiá merging sacrifice. Chief Councilor Fu Bi served as Grandee of the Xiá Rite; Han Qi as Master of Ceremonies; Privy Council Commissioner Song Xiang as Master of Insignia; Vice Grand Councilor Zeng Gongliang as Master of Bridge Roads and Relay Arrangements; and Vice Privy Council Commissioner Cheng Kan as Master of the Imperial Guard.
History of Song, Chapter 110Volume 110 Treatises 63: Rites 13 · 1 passage
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今皇帝述仁祖故事，以極崇奉之禮，太皇太 後儻以此時特下明詔，發揚皇帝孝敬之誠，而固執謙德，止於崇政殿受冊，則皇帝之孝愈顯，太皇太后之德愈尊，兩義俱得，顧不美歟？” Now the emperor follows the precedent of Emperor Renzong and offers the utmost ceremony of exalted service. If the grand empress dowager were at this time to issue a clear edict displaying the emperor's filial reverence while firmly holding to modest virtue and receiving the patent only at Chongzheng Hall, the emperor's filial piety would shine all the more brightly and the grand empress dowager's virtue would be all the more honored. Both aims would be served—would that not be admirable?"
History of Song, Chapter 112Volume 112 Treatises 65: Rites 15 · 2 passages
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History of Song, Chapter 144Volume 144 Treatises 97: Ceremonial Guards 2 · 3 passages
Open chapter
仁宗康定元年，參知政事宋庠言：“車駕行幸，非郊廟大禮具陳鹵薄外，其常日導從，惟前有駕頭，後擁傘扇而已，殊無禮典所載公卿奉引之盛。 In the first year of Kangding, Vice Grand Councilor Song Xiang said: "On imperial tours, apart from suburban and temple rites when the full guard of honor is deployed, the everyday escort amounts to a carriage leader ahead and umbrellas and fans behind—nothing like the grand procession of dukes and ministers leading the way described in the ritual canon.