Han Kuangsi (韓匡嗣)

Overview

The translated histories identify Han Kuangsi as an aristocrat, courtier, family member, and general. This record brings together 43 passages from 9 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Han Kuangsi	韓匡嗣	Hán Kuāngsì
Surname	Han	韓	Hán
Personal name	Han Kuangsi	韓匡嗣	Hán Kuāngsì
Personal	Han Kuangsi	韓匡嗣
Title	honored father	尚父
Given	Kuangsi	匡嗣	Kuāngsì
Personal	Kuangsi	匡嗣	Kuāngsì
Personal name	Kuangsi	匡嗣	Kuāngsì
Title	Prince of Qin	秦王
Title	Prince of Qin	秦王	Qín wáng
Title	Prince of Yan	燕王
Title	Regent	留守

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:008:s0007, liaoshi:010:s0171, liaoshi:074:s0009, liaoshi:083:s0013, liaoshi:086:s0037
Sex: male
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0067, liaoshi:010:s0215, liaoshi:082:s0007, liaoshi:084:s0018
Value: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:079:s0037

Roles

Aristocrat
Courtier
Family Member
General
Official
Physician

Life and dates

Death

Stated: true · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年秋七月甲子 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 3 · Season: autumn · Lunar Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 甲子 · Western Year: AD 985
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0171
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾亨三年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 3 · Western Year: AD 981
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0140
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾亨四年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 4 · Western Year: AD 982
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0215

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 三年冬十一月甲戌 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 3 · Season: winter · Lunar Month: 11 · Sexagenary Day: 甲戌 · Western Year: AD 985
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0198
Source Date: Text: 三年秋七月丁卯 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 3 · Season: autumn · Lunar Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 丁卯 · Western Year: AD 985
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:010:s0176
Source Date: Text: 三年秋七月甲子 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 3 · Season: autumn · Lunar Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 甲子 · Western Year: AD 985
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0171
Source Date: Text: 乾亨元年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:009:s0067
Source Date: Text: 乾亨元年冬 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:083:s0013
Source Date: Text: 應歷十年 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Regnal Year: 10 · Western Year: AD 960
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0114
Source Date: Text: 應曆十九年 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Regnal Year: 19 · Western Year: AD 969
Explicit · liaoshi:008:s0007
Source Date: Text: 三年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 3 · Western Year: AD 981
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:009:s0107
Source Date: Text: 乾亨三年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 3 · Western Year: AD 981
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0140
Source Date: Text: 乾亨四年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 4 · Western Year: AD 982
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:010:s0215
Source Date: Text: 是年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:084:s0018
Source Date: Text: 是年冬 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:084:s0083
Source Date: Text: 景宗 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Western Interval: Start: AD 969 · End: AD 982
Explicit · liaoshi:082:s0007
Source Date: Text: 應歷 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Western Interval: Start: AD 951 · End: AD 969
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:079:s0037
Source Date: Text: 保寧末 · Western Interval: Start: AD 977 · End: AD 979
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0119
Source Date: Text: 景宗即位 · Western Year: AD 969
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0117
Source Date: Text: 景宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 969 · End: AD 982
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:086:s0037

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Han Derang (韓德讓)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 2
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Han Deyuan (韓德源)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 1
Parent of Han Dewei (韓德威)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 3
Parent of Han Dechong (韓德崇)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 4
Parent of Han Dening (韓德凝)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 5
Child of Han Zhigu (韓知古)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Kinship Role: sons · Count: 5
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0142

Career and standing

Label: commander-in-chief / 都統 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾亨元年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0067
Label: Southwest Route pacification commissioner / 西南面招討使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 3 · Western Year: AD 981
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0107
Label: acting privy commissioner / 攝樞密使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0119
Label: Jinchang Army military commissioner / 晉昌軍節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0139
Label: Nanjing defender / 南京留守 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0118
Label: Southwest Route pacification commissioner / 西南面招討使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0140
Label: Taizu temple xiangwen / 太祖廟詳穩 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0114
Label: Upper Capital defender / 上京留守 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0117
Label: Regent / 留守 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:086:s0037
Label: southwestern campaign commissioner / 西南面招討使 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0215
Label: Southwestern Frontier Pacification Commissioner / 西南面招討使 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:082:s0007
Label: Director of the Department of State Affairs / 尚書令 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0176
Label: Jinchang Army Military Commissioner / 晉昌軍節度使 · Action: remotely-appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾亨元年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0075
Label: honored father / 尚父 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0176
Label: Director of State Affairs / 尚書令 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0141
Title: Prince of Qin / 秦王 · Action: demoted-to · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾亨元年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0075
Title: Prince of Yan / 燕王 · Action: enfeoffed
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0118
Title: Prince of Qin / 秦王 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0171
Title: Prince of Yan / 燕王 · Action: held
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0067, liaoshi:082:s0072
Status: deceased · Action: entered
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0171
Status: pardoned · Action: crimes-enumerated-then-pardoned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾亨元年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0071
Label: beaten and spared / 杖而免之 · Action: punished · Authority Person Id: Yelü Xian (耶律賢)
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0138

Places and affiliations

Polity Id: liao · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:008:s0007
Polity Id: liao · Relation: served
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0067, liaoshi:010:s0171, liaoshi:074:s0117, liaoshi:084:s0018, liaoshi:086:s0037

Learning and skills

Skill: medicine / 醫 · Level: skilled
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0113

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Yelü Hugu (耶律虎古)
Explicit · liaoshi:082:s0072
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0121

Events and relationships

Kind: travel · Role: escort · Action: accompanied court north
Explicit · liaoshi:086:s0037
Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: burial-rites-overseen · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年冬十一月甲戌 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 3 · Season: winter · Lunar Month: 11 · Sexagenary Day: 甲戌 · Western Year: AD 985
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0198
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated-at-Mancheng
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0123, liaoshi:074:s0130
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated · Place: Mancheng / 滿城
Explicit · liaoshi:083:s0014, liaoshi:083:s0021
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: fought-at · Place: Mancheng / 滿城 · Outcome: defeat · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾亨元年 · Reign Id: liao-qianheng · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 979
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0069
Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: granted-burial-goods · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年秋七月甲子 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 3 · Season: autumn · Lunar Month: 7 · Sexagenary Day: 甲子 · Western Year: AD 985
Explicit · liaoshi:010:s0171
Relation: treated-as-son-by · Person Id: Empress Chunqin (淳欽皇后)
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0113
Relation: associate-of · Person Id: Yelü Xian (耶律賢)
Explicit · liaoshi:079:s0037
Relation: close-to · Person Id: Yelü Xian (耶律賢)
Explicit · liaoshi:074:s0116

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: crimes known but unpunished by Jingzong · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · liaoshi:009:s0120

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · liaoshi:008:s0007

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Liao, Chapter 8Volume 8 Annals 8: Jingzong 1 · 1 passage

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帝一日與韓匡嗣語及時事，耶律賢適止之。 One day the Emperor spoke with Han Kuangsi about current affairs, and Yelü Xianshi cut him off.

History of Liao, Chapter 9Volume 9 Annals 9: Jingzong 2 · 6 passages

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九月己卯，燕王韓匡嗣為都統，南府宰相耶律沙為監軍，惕隱休哥、南院大王斜軫、權奚王抹只等各率所部兵南伐； On jimao day in the ninth month Prince of Yan Han Kuangsi was named commander-in-chief, Southern Court chancellor Yelü Sha army supervisor, and tithen Xiuge, Southern Court Great King Xiezhen, acting Xi King Mochi, and others were each ordered south with their commands;

冬十月乙丑，韓匡嗣與宋兵戰於滿城，敗績。 On yichou day in the tenth winter month Han Kuangsi fought Song at Mancheng and suffered defeat.

乙亥，詔數韓匡嗣五罪，赦之。 On yihai day an edict listed five crimes of Han Kuangsi and then pardoned him.

十二月乙卯，燕王韓匡嗣遙授晉昌軍節度使，降封秦王。 On yimao day in the twelfth month Prince of Yan Han Kuangsi was remotely made Jinchang Army Military Commissioner and reduced in rank to Prince of Qin.

以秦王韓匡嗣為西南面招討使。 Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi was appointed Southwest Route pacification commissioner.

知匡嗣之罪，數而不罰； He knew Kuangsi's guilt, listed his crimes, yet withheld punishment;

History of Liao, Chapter 10Volume 10 Annals 10: Shengzong 1 · 4 passages

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辛未，西南面招討使秦王韓匡嗣薨。 On xinwei day Han Kuangsi, Prince of Qin and southwestern campaign commissioner, died.

甲子，遣郎君班賜秦王韓匡嗣葬物。 On jiazi day the langjun corps was dispatched to grant burial goods to Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi.

以平章事蕭道寧為昭德軍節度使，武定軍節度使、守司空兼政事令郭襲為天平軍節度使，大同軍節度使、守太子太師兼政事令劉延構為義成軍節度使，贈尚父秦王韓匡嗣尚書令。 Co-chancellor Xiao Daoning was appointed Zhaode Army military commissioner; Wuding Army Military Commissioner, acting Minister of Works and concurrent chief councillor Guo Xi was appointed Tianping Army military commissioner; Datong Army Military Commissioner, acting grand preceptor of the heir apparent and concurrent chief councillor Liu Yangou was appointed Yicheng Army military commissioner; and the late honored father Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi was posthumously granted director of the Department of State Affairs.

冬十一月甲戌，詔吳王稍領秦王韓匡嗣葬祭事。 On jiaxu day in the eleventh winter month an edict put Prince of Wu Shao in charge of the burial rites for Prince of Qin Han Kuangsi.

History of Liao, Chapter 74Volume 74 Biographies 4: Yelu Dila, Xiao Hendu, Kang Moji, Han Yanhui, Han Zhigu · 16 passages

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〈（匡嗣德源德凝）〉 (Kuangsi, Deyuan, and Dening)

其子匡嗣得親近太祖，因間言。 His son Kuangsi had the emperor's ear and mentioned him in passing.

子匡嗣。 His son was Kuangsi.

匡嗣以善醫，直長樂宮，皇后視之猶子。 Skilled in medicine, Kuangsi served at Changle Palace, where the empress treated him like a son.

後宋王喜隱謀叛，辭引匡嗣，上置不問。 When Prince of Song Xiyin later plotted rebellion and named Kuangsi in his confession, the emperor took no action.

初，景宗在藩邸，善匡嗣。 In his days as heir apparent Emperor Jingzong had been close to Kuangsi.

即位，拜上京留守。 When he took the throne he made Kuangsi defender of the Upper Capital.

頃之，王燕，改南京留守。 Soon enfeoffed Prince of Yan, Kuangsi was transferred to Nanjing as defender.

匡嗣詆之曰：「寧有是！」 Kuangsi scoffed: "Nonsense!"

匡嗣與南府宰相沙、惕隱休哥侵宋，軍於滿城。 Kuangsi joined Southern Chancellor Yelu Sha and tithen Xiuge in an incursion against Song and encamped at Mancheng.

匡嗣欲納之，休哥曰：「彼軍氣甚銳，疑誘我也。 Kuangsi wanted to accept; Xiuge said: "Their morale is too high—they mean to bait us.

匡嗣不聽。 Kuangsi refused to listen.

匡嗣倉卒諭諸將，無當其鋒。 Kuangsi hurriedly told his commanders not to meet the charge.

眾既奔，遇伏兵扼要路，匡嗣棄旗鼓遁，其眾走易州山，獨休哥收所棄兵械，全軍還。 As the army broke, ambushers blocked the retreat; Kuangsi abandoned his standards and fled, his troops scattering into the Yizhou hills; only Xiuge recovered the abandoned arms and brought his command safely back.

帝怒匡嗣，數之曰：「爾違眾謀，深入敵境，爾罪一也； The emperor raged at Kuangsi and listed his offenses: "You rejected your officers' counsel and drove deep into enemy country—first offense;

良久，威稍霽，乃杖而免之。 Eventually his anger cooled and he had Kuangsi beaten and released.

History of Liao, Chapter 79Volume 79 Biographies 9: Shi Fang, Yelu Xianshi, Nu Li, Guo Xi, Yelu Ameili · 1 passage

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景宗在藩邸，常與韓匡嗣、女裏等遊，言或刺譏，賢適勸以宜早疏絕，由是穆宗終不見疑，賢適之力也。 While Jingzong still lived in the princely residence he often went about with Han Kuangsi, Nuli, and others, and their talk sometimes turned cutting and satirical; Xianshi urged him to break off such ties early, and for this reason Muzong never came to suspect him—a service owed to Xianshi.

History of Liao, Chapter 82Volume 82 Biographies 12: Yelu Longyun, Yelu Boguzhe, Xiao Yanga, Wu Bai, Xiao Changge, Yelu Hugu · 5 passages

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耶律隆運，本姓韓，名德讓，西南面招討使匡嗣之子也。 Yelu Longyun was born Han Derang, son of Kuangsi, the Southwestern Frontier Pacification Commissioner.

侍景宗，以謹飭聞，加東頭承奉官，補樞密院通事，轉上京皇城使，遙授彰德軍節度使，代其父匡嗣為上京留守，權知京事，甚有聲。 In service to Emperor Jingzong he won renown for scrupulous conduct. He rose through Eastern Head Attendant Officer and Han Chinese Affairs Commissioner of the Privy Council to Shangjing Imperial City Commissioner, received the honorary title of Zhangde Army Military Commissioner, and succeeded his father Kuangsi as Shangjing Military Governor with full charge of capital affairs—an appointment that brought him wide acclaim.

燕王韓匡嗣曰：「何以知之？」 Prince of Yan Han Kuangsi asked: "How do you know?"

匡嗣力沮，乃止。 Kuangsi argued strenuously against him, and the court let the warning drop.

帝以虎古能料事，器之，乃曰：「吾與匡嗣慮不及此。」 The emperor, impressed that Hugu could read events ahead, prized him and said: "Kuangsi and I never saw so far."

History of Liao, Chapter 83Volume 83 Biographies 13: Yelu Xiuge, Yelu Xiezhen, Yelu Xidi, Yelu Xuegu · 5 passages

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是年冬，上命韓匡嗣、耶律沙伐宋，以報圍城之役。 That winter the emperor sent Han Kuangsi and Yelu Sha against Song to repay the siege.

休哥率本部兵從匡嗣等戰於滿城。 Xiuge led his own troops to join Kuangsi and fought at Mancheng.

翌日將復戰，宋人請降，匡嗣信之。 When battle was to resume the next day, the Song troops offered surrender and Kuangsi believed them.

匡嗣不聽。 Kuangsi would not listen.

匡嗣倉卒不知所為，士卒棄旗鼓而走，遂敗績。 Kuangsi, caught off guard, did not know what to do; his men threw down flags and drums and fled, and the army was routed.

History of Liao, Chapter 84Volume 84 Biographies 14: Yelu Sha, Yelu Mozhi, Xiao Gan, Yelu Shanbu, Yelu Haili · 4 passages

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是年，復從韓匡嗣伐宋，敗績，帝欲誅之，以皇后營救得免。 That same year he again joined Han Kuangsi in a campaign against the Song and met with defeat; the emperor meant to put him to death, but the empress pleaded for him and he was spared.

是年冬，從都統韓匡嗣伐宋，戰於滿城，為宋將所紿，諸軍奔潰； That winter he followed Supreme Commander Han Kuangsi against the Song and fought at Mancheng; tricked by a Song commander, the armies broke in rout;

及伐宋，韓匡嗣與耶律沙將兵由東路進，善補以南京統軍使由西路進。 In the campaign against the Song, Han Kuangsi and Yelu Sha advanced along the eastern route while Shanbu, as Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Capital, moved up the western route.

善補聞匡嗣失利，斂兵還。 When Shanbu learned that Kuangsi had been defeated, he drew his troops back.

History of Liao, Chapter 86Volume 86 Biographies 16: Yelu Hezhu, Liu Jing, Liu Liufu, Ye Luniaolu, Niu Wenshu, Du Fang, Xiao Heshang, Yelu Helizhi, Yelu Pode · 1 passage

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時留守韓匡嗣因扈從北上，景與其子德讓共理京事。 The regent Han Kuangsi had accompanied the court north, and Jing governed the capital together with Han's son Derang.