Jing Xiang (敬翔) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Jing Xiang as an administrator, courtier, official, and statesman. This record brings together 15 passages from 12 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Jing Xiang	敬翔	Jing Xiang
Personal	Jing Xiang	敬翔
Personal name	Jing Xiang	敬翔	Jing Xiang
Personal	Jing Xiang	敬翔	Jìng Xiáng
Personal name	Jing Xiang	敬翔	Jìng Xiáng
Given	Xiang	翔	Xiang
Given	Xiang	翔	Xiáng

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:005:s0003, jiuwudaishi:006:s0042, jiuwudaishi:007:s0117, jiuwudaishi:020:s0149, jiuwudaishi:073:s0082, xinwudaishi:003:s0006
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0164, xinwudaishi:002:s0015, xinwudaishi:023:s0125, xinwudaishi:032:s0022, xinwudaishi:035:s0082

Roles

Administrator
Courtier
Official
Statesman

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 乾化元年正月庚寅 · Regnal Year: 1 · Lunar Month: 1 · Sexagenary Day: 庚寅 · Western Year: AD 911
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0125
Source Date: Text: 龍德元年二月 · Regnal Year: 1 · Lunar Month: 2 · Western Year: AD 921
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:010:s0071, jiuwudaishi:010:s0076
Source Date: Text: 貞明六年夏四月乙巳 · Regnal Year: 6 · Season: summer · Lunar Month: 4 · Sexagenary Day: 乙巳 · Western Year: AD 920
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:010:s0026
Source Date: Text: 乾化二年 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:007:s0117
Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:003:s0006, xinwudaishi:003:s0005
Source Date: Text: 乾化元年正月 · Western Year: AD 911
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:006:s0042, jiuwudaishi:006:s0034
Source Date: Text: 天復中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 901 · End: AD 904
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:020:s0149, jiuwudaishi:020:s0152
Source Date: Text: 开平元年 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:002:s0015
Source Date: Text: 梁太祖已即位 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:035:s0082
Source Date: Text: 莊宗入汴 · Western Year: AD 923
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:073:s0082
Source Date: Text: 開平三年九月 · Western Year: AD 909
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:005:s0001, jiuwudaishi:005:s0003
Source Date: Text: 開平中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 907 · End: AD 911
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0164
Source Date: Text: 龍德三年夏 · Western Year: AD 923
Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0022

Career and standing

Label: vice director of the Secretariat and co-equal grand councilor / 中书侍郎、同中书门下平章事 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0006, xinwudaishi:003:s0005
Label: Commissioner of the Court of Esteemed Governance / 崇政院使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 开平元年 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0015
Labels: Hongwen Hall grand academician / 宏文館大學士, Extended Treasury commissioner / 延質庫使, salt, iron, and transport commissioner for all circuits / 諸道鹽鐵轉運等使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0026
Label: attendant on duty at Chongzheng Court / 崇政院使…直閣 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0164
Label: chancellor / 宰相 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0022
Label: Chongzheng Academy director / 崇政院使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:005:s0003
Label: Chongzheng commissioner / 崇政使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:006:s0042
Label: commissioner of the Chongzheng Bureau / 崇政使 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0125
Label: Grand Chamberlain / 太府卿 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0015
Labels: Right Vice Director and concurrent Gate Department Vice Minister / 右僕射兼門下侍郎, co-equal chief minister / 同平章事, overseer of compilation of the national history / 監修國史, Revenue overseer / 判度支, Duke Who Opens the State / 開國公 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0026

Works and attributed material

Kind: memorial · Role: author · Status: quoted · Summary: requested restoring tea taxes at Yongzhou, Heyang, and Xuzhou · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Jing Xiang (敬翔)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0071
Kind: question · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Chou Yin (仇殷)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0164
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Other Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:035:s0082
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0022, xinwudaishi:032:s0023, xinwudaishi:032:s0026
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:006:s0042
Kind: warning · Role: speaker · Statement: The army ought to worry because of the eclipse. · Speaker Person Id: Jing Xiang (敬翔) · Other Person Id: Taizu of Liang (太祖) · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Jing Xiang (敬翔)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0125

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: accuser · Action: denounced · Other Person Id: Su Xun (蘇循)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:035:s0082
Kind: administrative · Role: drafter · Action: ordered-to-issue-Laizhou-posting · Other Person Id: Zhu Yougui (朱友圭) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0117
Kind: political · Role: chief minister · Action: recommended granting Wang Deming's request for aid
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0075, jiuwudaishi:010:s0076
Kind: political · Role: actor · Action: threatened-suicide-to-urge-Yanzhang-appointment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0022, xinwudaishi:032:s0023, xinwudaishi:032:s0024, xinwudaishi:032:s0025, xinwudaishi:032:s0026
Kind: omen-interpretation · Role: observer · Action: warned-armies-in-peril
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:006:s0042

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: Xun father and son without conduct · Provenance: Mode: speech · Speaker Person Id: Jing Xiang (敬翔)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:035:s0082

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · xinwudaishi:032:s0022

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 5Volume 5 Book of Later Liang 5: Taizu Annals 5 · 1 passage

Open chapter

丁酉，上幸崇政院宴內臣，賜院使敬翔、直學士李班等繒彩有差。 On dingyou he visited Chongzheng Academy to feast the inner attendants, granting graded gifts of silks to director Jing Xiang, direct academician Li Ban, and the rest.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 6Volume 6 Book of Later Liang 6: Taizu Annals 6 · 1 passage

Open chapter

崇政使敬翔望之曰：「兵可憂矣！」 Jing Xiang, Chongzheng commissioner, watching it, said: "The armies are in peril!"

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 7Volume 7 Book of Later Liang 7: Taizu Annals 7 · 1 passage

Open chapter

六月丁丑朔，帝命敬翔出友珪為萊州刺史，即命之官。 On dingchou, the first of the sixth month, the Emperor ordered Jing Xiang to issue an order posting Yougui as prefect of Laizhou, and at once ordered him to take office.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Book of Later Liang 10: Later Emperors Annals 3 · 3 passages

Open chapter

乙巳，以右僕射兼門下侍郎、同平章事、監修國史、判度支、開國公敬翔為宏文館大學士、延質庫使、諸道鹽鐵轉運等使，餘如故。 On yisi Jing Xiang—Right Vice Director, co-equal chief minister, national-history overseer, and Revenue head—became Hongwen grand academician and commissioner of the Extended Treasury and salt-and-iron transport, retaining his other posts.

鹽鐵轉運使敬翔奏：「請於雍州、河陽、徐州三處重置場院稅茶。」 Jing Xiang, Salt and Iron Transport Commissioner, memorialized: "Please restore tea taxes at market yards in Yong, Heyang, and Xu."

宰臣敬翔請許之，租庸使趙岩等以為不可，乃止。 Jing Xiang favored acceptance; Zhao Yan and others refused, and the court declined.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 1 passage

Open chapter

太祖每言曰：「敬翔、劉捏、寇彥卿，蓋為我而生。」 The Founder would say: "Jing Xiang, Liu Han, and Kou Yanqing might as well have been made for me."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 1 passage

Open chapter

開平中，殷一日朝罷，過崇政院，使敬翔直閣，翔問之曰：「月犯房次星，其逼若綴，是何祥也？」 In Kaiping, leaving court one day Yin passed the Chongzheng Court where Jing Xiang was on duty; Xiang asked: "The moon encroaches on a star in Fang—the approach looks slow; what omen is this?"

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 73Volume 73 Book of Later Tang 49: Biographies 25: Mao Zhang, Nie Yu, Wen Tao, Duan Ning, Kong Qian, Li Ye · 1 passage

Open chapter

凝納賂於趙、張二族，求為招討使，敬翔、李振極言不可，竟不能止。 Ning bribed the Zhao and Zhang clans in pursuit of the post of campaign commander-in-chief. Jing Xiang and Li Zhen argued strenuously against the appointment but could not prevent it.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 2Volume 2 Later Liang Annals 2: Taizu 2 · 1 passage

Open chapter

甲午，改樞密院為崇政院，太府卿敬翔為使。 On the day jiawu, the Privy Council was renamed the Court of Esteemed Governance, with Grand Chamberlain Jing Xiang as its commissioner.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 3Volume 3 Later Liang Annals 3: Later Emperors · 1 passage

Open chapter

以王为东京留守、开封尹，敬翔为中书侍郎、同中书门下平章事，户部尚书李振为崇政院使。 Youzhen was appointed eastern-capital regent and Kaifeng prefect; Jing Xiang became vice director of the Secretariat and co-equal grand councilor; and Minister of Revenue Li Zhen became commissioner of the Court of Esteemed Governance.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 1 passage

Open chapter

乾化元年正月庚寅，日有食之，崇政使敬翔白太祖曰：「兵可憂矣！」 On gengyin, the first month of Qianhua 1, there was a solar eclipse. Jing Xiang, commissioner of the Chongzheng Bureau, told Taizu: “The army ought to worry!”

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 32Volume 32 Biographies of Martyrs to Virtue 12: Wang Yanzhang · 2 passages

Open chapter

龍德三年夏，晉取鄆州，梁人大恐，宰相敬翔顧事急，以繩內靴中，入見末帝，泣曰：「先帝取天下，不以臣為不肖，所謀無不用。 Summer, Longde year three: Jin took Yun Prefecture and Liang panicked. Chancellor Jing Xiang, seeing ruin close, hid a rope in his boot, went before the Last Emperor, and wept: "The Founder took the realm and never thought me unworthy—every plan of mine was used.

翔曰：「事急矣，非彥章不可！」 Xiang said: "It is desperate—only Yanzhang can save us!"

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 35Volume 35 Biographies 15: Zhan Wenyu, Yang She, Zhang Ce, Zhao Guangfeng, Xue Yiju, Su Xun · 1 passage

Open chapter

循父子皆自以附會梁得所托，旦夕引首，希見進用，敬翔尤惡之，謂太祖曰：「梁室新造，宜得端士以厚風俗，循父子皆無行，不可立於新朝。」 Father and son thought Liang was their patron and craned their necks for office; Jing Xiang hated them and told Taizu, “The new dynasty needs upright men; the Xuns are without conduct and cannot stand in court.”