Zhu Yougui (朱友圭) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhu Yougui as a family member, military officer, rebel, and royal family member. This record brings together 44 passages from 11 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhu Yougui	朱友圭	Zhu Yougui
Epithet	Arch-rebel Zhu Yougui	元凶友珪
Title	commoner	庶人
Title	Liang’s Yougui
Title	Prince of E	郢王
Title	Prince of Ying	郢王
Title	Prince of Ying	郢王	Yǐng Wáng
Title	Prince of Ying	郢王	Ying Wang
Title	Prince of Ying Yougui	郢王友珪
Epithet	the commoner Yougui	庶人友珪
Childhood	Yaoxi	遙喜	Yáoxǐ
Personal	You Gui	友珪	You Gui
Given	You Gui	友珪	You Gui
Given	Yougui	友圭	Yougui
Personal	Yougui	友珪	Yougui
Personal name	Yougui	友珪	Yougui
Personal	Yougui	友珪
Personal	Youpei	友珮	Youpei
Personal	Zhu Yougui	友珪	Zhū Yǒuguī

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:006:s0138, jiuwudaishi:007:s0114, jiuwudaishi:007:s0117, xinwudaishi:003:s0005, xinwudaishi:010:s0137, xinwudaishi:012:s0170
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:011:s0042, jiuwudaishi:012:s0095, jiuwudaishi:024:s0041, xinwudaishi:002:s0161, xinwudaishi:023:s0033, xinwudaishi:035:s0106

Roles

Family Member
Military Officer
Rebel
Royal Family Member
Ruler

Life and dates

Death

Manner: execution · Authority Person Id: Youzhen (友貞) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 明年 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0137
Manner: killed in overthrow · Responsible Person Ids: Youzhen (友貞), Yuan Xiangxian (袁象先) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: Last Emperor's overthrow of Yougui · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0036
Manner: suicide · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三月十七日 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0104, jiuwudaishi:012:s0107
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化三年 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0015

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: from Taizu's murder through Yougui's death · Western Interval: Start: AD 912 · End: AD 913
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0019, xinwudaishi:023:s0036
Source Date: Text: 乾化二年 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:007:s0114
Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0005
Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月三日 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0106
Source Date: Text: 乾化元年 · Western Year: AD 911
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0103
Source Date: Text: 乾化元年十月 · Western Year: AD 911
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:006:s0138
Source Date: Text: 凤历 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0007, xinwudaishi:003:s0015
Source Date: Text: 凤历 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0170
Source Date: Text: 友珪之禍 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:011:s0042
Source Date: Text: 友珪立 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:035:s0106
Source Date: Text: 庶人篡位 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:012:s0004
Source Date: Text: 开平元年 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:002:s0161, xinwudaishi:002:s0127, xinwudaishi:002:s0218
Source Date: Text: 篡位 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0041
Source Date: Text: 開平元年五月九日 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0106
Source Date: Text: 開平四年十月 · Western Year: AD 910
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0102
Source Date: Text: 鳳曆元年三月十七日 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0106, jiuwudaishi:012:s0107
Source Date: Text: 鳳歷 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0137

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Child of Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: next son / 次 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 3
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Child of Taizu of Liang (太祖)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Child of the Emperor (帝)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Child of Mother of Zhu Yougui (亳州營倡)
Kinship Term: mother / 母 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son

Career and standing

Label: commander of Left and Right Crane-Control Guards / 左右控鶴都指揮使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 開平四年十月 · Western Year: AD 910
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0102
Label: Crane-Control commander / 控鶴指揮使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:006:s0138
Label: Commander of Left and Right Crane-Controlled Armies / 左右控鶴都指揮使 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0114
Label: prefect of Laizhou / 萊州刺史 · Action: ordered-appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0117
Title: Prince of Ying / 郢王 · Action: enfeoffed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 開平元年五月九日 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0101, jiuwudaishi:012:s0106
Title: Prince of Ying / 郢王 · Action: enfeoffed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0161
Title: Prince of Ying / 郢王 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:006:s0138, jiuwudaishi:007:s0114
Status: reign-title-abolished · Label: Fengli era / 鳳歷 · Action: abolished · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 黜其鳳歷之號 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0137
Status: reign-title-holder · Label: Fengli era / 鳳歷 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 鳳歷 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0137
Status: commoner-epithet · Action: labeled · Label: commoner / 庶人
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0041
Status: degraded-to-commoner · Action: posthumous
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0104, jiuwudaishi:012:s0108
Label: executed / 誅 · Action: suffered · Authority Person Id: Youzhen (友貞) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 明年 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0137
Action: seized power after Taizu's murder · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 太祖遇弒，友珪自立 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:023:s0019
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0135, xinwudaishi:003:s0005
Date Context: Source Date: Text: 友珪立 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · xinwudaishi:035:s0106
Source Date: Text: 篡位 · Western Year: AD 912 · Manner: usurpation
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0041

Places and affiliations

Polity: Later Liang / 梁 · Relation: enfeoffed-in
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0161
Polity: Later Liang / 梁 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0137

Works and attributed material

Kind: edict · Role: author · Note: forged edict · Provenance: Mode: allegation
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0132, jiuwudaishi:007:s0133
Kind: speech · Role: subject · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Work: Five Dynasties Essentials / 五代會要
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0106, jiuwudaishi:012:s0107, jiuwudaishi:012:s0108
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0125, jiuwudaishi:007:s0128

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: usurper · Action: assassinated-emperor · Other Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:007:s0129, jiuwudaishi:007:s0130
Kind: burial · Role: officiant · Action: buried-father · Other Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年十一月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0218
Kind: political · Role: instigator · Action: caused-disaster-arising-from-woman
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:011:s0042
Kind: political · Role: perpetrator · Action: executed · Other Person Id: Zhu Youwen (朱友文) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0005
Kind: political · Role: victim · Action: killed-in-coup · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化三年 · Western Year: AD 913
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0015
Kind: political · Role: perpetrator · Action: murdered Founder and usurped throne · Other Person Id: Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:012:s0104, jiuwudaishi:012:s0093
Kind: political · Role: regicide · Action: murdered his father and lord Taizu · Other Person Id: Taizu of Liang (太祖)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0031, xinwudaishi:023:s0033
Kind: rebellion · Role: rebel-leader · Action: rebelled · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0127
Kind: political · Role: plotter · Action: secretly planned against Yang Shihou but became afraid of him · Other Person Id: Yang Shihou (楊師厚)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:023:s0025, xinwudaishi:023:s0027
Kind: political · Role: usurper · Action: seized-throne · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 乾化二年六月 · Western Year: AD 912
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0005

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0137

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 6Volume 6 Book of Later Liang 6: Taizu Annals 6 · 1 passage

Open chapter

制以郢王友圭充控鶴指揮使，諸軍都虞候閻寶為御營使。 Prince of Ying Yougui was made Crane-Control commander and Yan Bao, army chief of staff, imperial camp commissioner.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 7Volume 7 Book of Later Liang 7: Taizu Annals 7 · 13 passages

Open chapter

次郢王友珪，其母亳州營倡也，為左右控鶴都指揮使。 Next was Prince of Ying Yougui, born of a Bozhou camp singer, commander of the left and right Crane-Controlled Armies.

六月丁丑朔，帝命敬翔出友珪為萊州刺史，即命之官。 On dingchou, the first of the sixth month, the Emperor ordered Jing Xiang to issue an order posting Yougui as prefect of Laizhou, and at once ordered him to take office.

時左遷者多追賜死，友珪益恐。 Many recently demoted men were hunted down and forced to die; Yougui's fear deepened.

戊寅，友珪易服微行入左龍虎軍，見統軍韓勍，以情告之。 On wuyin Yougui went in disguise to the Left Dragon-Tiger Army, confided in commander Han Qin, and laid bare his fear.

勍以牙兵五百人從友珪雜控鶴士入，伏於禁中； Qin brought five hundred guardsmen; Yougui mixed them with the Crane-Controlled troops and hid them inside the palace;

友珪曰：「非他人也。」 Yougui said: "No other."

友珪曰：「老賊萬段！」 Yougui cried: "Old thief, ten thousand cuts!"

友珪僕夫馮廷諤刺帝腹，刃出於背。 Yougui's groom Feng Tingyu drove a blade into the Emperor's belly until it showed at his back.

友珪自以敗氈裹之，瘞於寢殿，秘不發喪。 Yougui himself wrapped the body in a cast-off rug, buried it in the hall, and concealed the death.

己卯，矯詔稱：「博王友文謀逆，遣兵突入殿中，賴郢王友珮忠孝，將兵誅之，保全朕躬。 On jimao a forged edict read: "Prince of Bo Youwen plotted revolt and burst into the hall with troops; Prince of Ying Yougui, loyal and filial, led forces to execute them and saved Us.

然疾因震驚，彌致危殆，宜令友珪權主軍國之務。」 Shock has worsened Our illness—let Yougui govern state and army affairs for now."

辛巳，丁昭溥還，聞友文已死，乃發喪，宣遺制，友珪即皇帝位。 On xinsi Ding Zhaopu returned; learning Youwen was dead, they announced mourning, proclaimed the testament, and Yougui seized the throne.

友珪葬太祖于伊闕縣，號宣陵。 Yougui buried Taizu at Yique, naming the tomb Xuan.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Book of Later Liang 11: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 1 passage

Open chapter

張既卒，繼寵者非人，及僭號後，大縱朋淫，骨肉聚麀，帷薄荒穢，以致友珪之禍，起於婦人。 After Zhang’s death Wen’s favorites were unworthy; once emperor he plunged into orgies and incest until Yougui’s revolt—born of a woman’s grievance.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Book of Later Liang 12: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 10 passages

Open chapter

庶人篡位，授宋州節度使。 After the commoner (Zhu Yougui) usurped the throne, Quan Yu was made military commissioner of Songzhou.

友珪弑逆，並殺友文。 When Zhu Yougui murdered the Founder he killed You Wen as well.

友珪，小字遙喜，母失其姓，本亳州營妓也。 Zhu Yougui, childhood name Yaoxi, was born to a Bozhou camp courtesan whose family name is unknown.

及期，妓以生男來告，帝喜，故字之曰遙喜。 When she bore a son he was delighted and gave the boy the childhood name Yaoxi.

受禪後封郢王。 After the founding of the dynasty he was created Prince of Ying.

二年，弑太祖篡位，均王以兵討之，自殺，追廢為庶人。 In the second year he murdered the Founder and seized the throne; Prince of Jun marched against him; he committed suicide and was posthumously degraded to commoner.

〈（《五代會要》云：郢王友珪，開平元年五月九日封，至乾化二年六月三日篡位，偽改鳳曆元年。 (The 《Five Dynasties Essentials》 records that Zhu Yougui, Prince of Ying, was enfeoffed on the ninth day of the fifth month of Kaiping 1, usurped on the third day of the sixth month of Qianhua 2, and proclaimed the false era Fengli.

三月十七日，京城軍亂，侍衛袁象先率兵入宮，友珪自殺。 On the seventeenth day of the third month the capital garrison mutinied; Palace Guard Yuan Xiangxian stormed the palace and Zhu Yougui took his own life.

少帝即位，追削為庶人。 The Lesser Emperor posthumously reduced him to commoner status.

又載：周廣順中，張昭修實錄，奏云：梁末帝之上，有郢王友珪，篡弑居位，未有紀錄，請依《宋書》劉劭例，書為「元凶友珪」。 The same source adds: In Later Zhou Guangshun, Zhang Zhao revised the Veritable Records and proposed that Zhu Yougui, who had murdered his way to the throne above the Last Emperor, be entered—as with Liu Shao in the 《History of Song》—under the title "Arch-rebel Zhu Yougui."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 1 passage

Open chapter

及庶人友珪篡位，除右散騎常侍，充侍講學士。 When the commoner Yougui seized the throne, Ting was made Right Regular Cavalry Attendant and lecturer attendant.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 2Volume 2 Later Liang Annals 2: Taizu 2 · 3 passages

Open chapter

友珪郢王，友璋福王，友貞均王，友徽建王，姪友諒衡王，友能惠王，友誨邵王。 Yougui was made Prince of Ying, Youzhang Prince of Fu, Youzhen Prince of Jun, Youhui written 友徽 Prince of Jian, his nephew Youliang Prince of Heng, Youneng Prince of Hui, and Youhui written 友誨 Prince of Shao.

六月，疾革，郢王友珪反。 In the sixth month, as his illness worsened, Prince of Ying Yougui rose in rebellion.

乾化二年十一月，友珪葬之河南伊闕縣，號宣陵。 In the eleventh month of Qianhua 2, Yougui buried him in Yique County, Henan, and named the tomb Xuanling.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 3Volume 3 Later Liang Annals 3: Later Emperors · 5 passages

Open chapter

乾化二年六月，太祖遇弑，友珪自立，杀博王友文，以弑帝之罪归之。 In the sixth month of Qianhua 2 (912) Taizu was murdered. Yougui seized the throne, executed Prince of Bo Zhu Youwen, and blamed him for the assassination.

明年，友珪改元曰凤历。 The following year Yougui adopted the reign title Fengli.

是时怀州龙骧屯兵叛，方捕索之，王乃伪为友珪诏书，发左右龙骧在东都者皆还洛阳，因激怒之曰：「天子以怀州屯兵叛，追汝等欲尽坑之。」 Meanwhile the Longxiang garrison at Huaizhou had mutinied and was being rounded up. Youzhen forged an edict in Yougui’s name recalling every Longxiang unit at the eastern capital to Luoyang, then told them: “The emperor, citing the mutiny at Huaizhou, is hunting you down to slaughter you to the last man.”

王曰：「先皇帝经营王业三十餘年，今日尚为友珪所杀，汝等安所逃死乎！」 Youzhen said: “The late emperor spent more than thirty years building this dynasty, and Yougui has just murdered him. Where can any of you hope to live?”

庚寅，象先等以禁兵讨贼，友珪死，杜晓见杀。 On the day gengyin Yuan Xiangxian led the palace guard against the usurper. Yougui was killed, and Du Xiao died with him.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu, Emperor Yin · 1 passage

Open chapter

初，梁太祖以乾化二年遇弒，明年，末帝已誅友珪，黜其鳳歷之號，復稱乾化三年，尚為有說。 When Liang Taizu was murdered in Qianhua 2, the Last Emperor the next year killed You Gui, abolished his Fengli era, and returned to Qianhua 3—one could still find a reason for that.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Later Zhou Annals 3: Shizong, Emperor Gong · 1 passage

Open chapter

梁之友珪反，唐戕克宁而杀存乂、从璨，则父子骨肉之恩，几何其不绝矣。 When Liang’s Yougui rebelled, Later Tang slew Kening and put Cunyi and Congcan to death—the tie between father and son, bone and blood, was all but severed.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 7 passages

Open chapter

明年，太祖遇弒，友珪自立，師厚乘間殺魏牙將潘晏、臧延範等，逐出節度使羅周翰，友珪因以師厚為天雄軍節度使。 The next year Taizu was murdered and Yougui seized the throne. Shihou took the chance to kill the Wei garrison officers Pan Yan and Zang Yanfan, drive out the military governor Luo Zhouhan, and Yougui made him military governor of Tianxiong.

友珪陰欲圖之，召師厚入計事。 Yougui secretly meant to destroy him and summoned Shihou to discuss state business.

乃以勁兵二萬朝京師，留其兵城外，以十餘人自從，入見友珪，友珪益恐懼，賜與巨萬而還。 He marched twenty thousand crack troops to the capital, left them outside the walls, and entered with a dozen men. Yougui only grew more afraid, showered him with gifts, and let him go.

已而末帝謀討友珪，問於趙巖，巖曰：「此事成敗，在招討楊公爾。 Later the Last Emperor plotted against Yougui and asked Zhao Yan. Yan said: “Whether this succeeds or fails rests on Pacification Commissioner Yang.

師厚猶豫未決，謂其下曰：「方郢王弒逆時，吾不能即討。 Shihou wavered. He told his officers: “When Prince E committed regicide, I could not move at once.

其下或曰：「友珪弒父與君，乃天下之惡，均王仗大義以誅賊，其事易成。 Some of his men said: “Yougui killed his father and lord—the worst villain alive. Prince Jun marches under righteous cause to destroy him; the deed is easily done.

末帝卒與象先殺友珪。 The Last Emperor and Xiangxian at last killed Yougui.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 35Volume 35 Biographies 15: Zhan Wenyu, Yang She, Zhang Ce, Zhao Guangfeng, Xue Yiju, Su Xun · 1 passage

Open chapter

友珪立，遷禮部尚書、集賢殿大學士。 When Yougui took the throne, Xiao became Minister of Rites and Grand Academician of the Hall for Assembling the Worthy.