Ma Yin (馬殷) | 24 Histories

Overview

Ma Yin was a king of Chu.

Life and dates

Birth

AD 852 大中六年歲在壬申
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 39

Death

AD 930 長興元年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 36, 40
AD 931 長興二年
Mode named-source-report Source Work Old History of the Five Dynasties 五代舊史
Textual variant · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 37, 42
AD 930 今皆已薨
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 186
AD 931 十二月乙未
Reported death
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 238
AD 930 殷薨
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 129

Age

78
Reckoning Sui · Mode named-source-report Source Work Old History of the Five Dynasties 五代舊史
Textual variant · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 37, 42
79
AD 930 長興元年庚寅 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 39-40

Attested activity

AD 930 辛亥
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 213
AD 908 開平二年十一月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passages 224, 226, 228
AD 930 長興元年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 36
AD 931 長興二年
Textual variant · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 37
AD 896 乾寧三年歲在丙辰
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 47
AD 852 大中六年歲在壬申
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 39

Show 18 more source-backed claims

AD 907 辛未
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 82
AD 909 三年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 89
AD 911 乾化元年二月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 6, passage 74
AD 911 乾化元年五月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 6, passage 99
AD 894 to AD 907 乾寧初至開平初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passages 187, 200
AD 907 六月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passages 124, 133
AD 931 十二月乙未
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 238
AD 924 同光二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 31, passage 153
AD 926 to AD 928 天成中
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passages 130, 133
AD 926 天成元年九月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 65
AD 929 天成四年八月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 125
AD 896 to AD 930 楚王馬殷
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 186
AD 907 to AD 930 湖南馬殷
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 192
AD 926 癸丑
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 112
AD 931 長興二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 2
AD 930 長興元年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 69, passages 123-124
AD 907 開平元年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 88
AD 907 to AD 930 馬殷
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 129

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Ma Xisheng (馬希聲)
father 父
son 子
son 男
Sources vary in certainty · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passages 213, 238, 242; New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 36-37

Kinship Role sons · Count 1 · one son granted sixth-rank post
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 6, passage 99

Key source chapters

Career and standing

acting Grand Preceptor and Grand Secretariat Director 檢校太師、守尚書令
Advanced
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 65
Director of the Imperial Secretariat 尚書令
AD 924 同光二年 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 31, passage 153
Celestial Strategy Supreme General; Grand Preceptor; Master of Writing 天策上將軍、守太師、尚書令
AD 931 長興二年 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 2
Director of the Department of State Affairs 尚書令
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 129
Grand Preceptor and Master of Writing 太師、尚書令
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 125
Hunan military commissioner 湖南節度使
Held · At Hunan 湖南
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 238

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Hunan military commissioner 湖南節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 224
Wu'an Army military governor 武安軍節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 82
Wuan military commissioner 武安軍節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 6, passage 74
Director of the Secretariat 尚書令
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 186
King of Chu 楚王
AD 907 辛未 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 82
King of Chu 楚王
AD 907 辛未 · Advanced
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 82
King of Chu 楚國王
AD 931 長興二年 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 2
King of Chu 楚國王
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 238
Prince of Chu 楚王
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 65
Installed by Zhang Ji
Commander · With Zhang Ji (張佶)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passages 193-195
AD 931 長興二年
Deceased before the edict
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 2
AD 896 乾寧三年歲在丙辰
At Hunan 湖南
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 47

Places and affiliations

AD 907 六月
Polity Later Liang 後梁 · Relation Served
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 133
Chu 楚
Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 36, 47
Polity Chu 楚 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 82; Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 238; Old History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 129; Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passages 130, 133; New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 186
Polity Chu 楚 · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 112
Polity Chu · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 37, passage 65
AD 951 廣順元年
At Jinling 金陵 · Relation Relocated to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 43-44

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At Hunan 湖南 · Relation Established in
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 46-47
At Hunan 湖南 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 224
At Hunan 湖南 · Relation Ruled or posted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 213
At Hunan 湖南 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 112
Organization Ma clan 馬氏 · Relation Member of
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 36, 43
Organization Wu'an Army 武安軍 · Relation Commander of
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 82

Works and attributed material

Reported victory
AD 907 六月 · Memorial · Author
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passage 133
AD 926 癸丑
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 112
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 213

Events and relationships

Asked that son be made commander
AD 930 辛亥 · Political · Petitioner · With Ma Xisheng (馬希聲)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 213
Besieged Shaozhou
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 187
Besieged
Military · Commander · With Lei Yiangong (雷彥恭) · Duration Source Date: Text: 周歲 · Western Interval: Start: AD 907 · End: AD 908
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 226
Captured
AD 908 開平二年十一月 · Military · Captor · With Lei Yanxiong (雷彥雄)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 228
Clan relocated to Jinling
AD 951 廣順元年 · Political · Affected · At Jinling 金陵 · Actor Southern Tang 南唐
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 43-44
Death reported court suspended three days
AD 931 十二月乙未 · Court · Subject · At Jingnan report 荊南
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 238

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Defeated
AD 907 六月 · Military · Commander · Counterpart Huai bandits 淮寇
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passages 124, 133
Granted a posthumous title, spirit way stele, and royal burial
AD 931 長興二年 · Funerary honor · Recipient · With Li Siyuan (李嗣源)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 42, passage 2
Ordered to campaign
Military · Commander · At Li prefecture 澧州 · Counterpart Person Ids Gao Jichang (高季昌), Ni Kefu (倪可福)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 224
Petitioned Tang for Conghui
Diplomatic · Intercessor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 69, passage 123
Presented Lu Yanchang memorial
Diplomatic · Presenter
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 6, passage 74
Promised a fleet and stores but arrived only at Yue and sent almost nothing
AD 926 to AD 928 天成中 · Military · Allied ruler · At Yue 岳州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 61, passages 130-131
Sent rebels for execution
Legal · Captor · Count 7 · With Lei Yanxiong (雷彥雄) · At Bian Bridge 汴橋
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 228
Unearthed prophetic stone
Omen · Discoverer · At Hunan 湖南
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passage 46

Assessments and attributes

long illness unfit for military affairs
Illness
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 41, passage 213

Source notes

Jiuguo Zhi etc. place Yin death in Changxing 1 (AD 930); Old History places it in Changxing 2 (AD 931)
Field death-date · Preferred Changxing 1 / age 79
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 71, passages 36-37, 40, 42
Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 3, passages 82, 133; Old History of the Five Dynasties 34, passage 112
Value historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 192

References in the histories

Search passages

History

38 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 3Volume 3 Book of Later Liang 3: Taizu Annals 3 · 2 passages

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辛未，武安軍節度使馬殷進封楚王。 On xinwei Ma Yin, governor of the Wu'an Army, was advanced to King of Chu.

馬殷奏破淮寇； Ma Yin reported victory over Huai raiders;

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 6Volume 6 Book of Later Liang 6: Taizu Annals 6 · 2 passages

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武安軍節度使馬殷進呈虔州刺史盧延昌箋表。 Ma Yin, Wuan commissioner, presented the memorial and petition of Lu Yanchang, Qianzhou prefect.

諸道節度使錢鏐、張宗奭、馬殷、王審知、劉隱各賜一子六品正員官，高季昌賜一子八品正員官，賀德倫賜一子九品正員官。 Commissioners Qian Liu, Zhang Zongshi, Ma Yin, Wang Shenzhi, and Liu Yin each received a regular sixth-rank post for a son; Gao Jichang an eighth-rank post; He Delun a ninth-rank post.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17 Book of Later Liang 17: Biographies 7: Cheng Rui, Du Hong, Tian Yun, Zhao Kuangning, Zhang Ji, Lei Man · 12 passages

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〈（《新唐書》云：師厚由陰穀伐木為梁，匡凝以兵二萬瀕江戰，大敗，乃燔州，單舸夜奔揚州。 (The 《New Book of Tang》 says Shihou bridged Yin Valley, Kuangning lost twenty thousand along the river, burned the prefecture, and fled by night to Yangzhou.

唐乾寧初，劉建峰據湖南，獨邵州不賓，命都將馬殷討之，期歲未克，而建峰為部下所殺，軍亂，鄰寇且至。 Early in Qianning Liu Jianfeng held Hunan while Shaozhou held out; Ma Yin besieged it a year without success, then Jianfeng was murdered, the army mutinied, and enemies closed in.

佶謂將吏曰：「吾非汝主，當迎馬公為之。」）〉 Ji told the officers, "I am not your lord—bring Lord Ma." )〉

乃謂將吏曰：「佶才能不如馬公，況朝廷重藩，非其人不可。」 He told them, "I am no match for Ma Yin, and the court needs the right man for a frontier post."

因以牘召，殷亦不疑，稟命而至。 He summoned Yin by document; Yin came without suspicion.

佶受拜謁，禮畢，命升階讓殷為帥。 Ji received his bow, then stepped aside and installed Yin as commander.

乃自請率師代殷攻邵州，下之。 He then led troops in Yin's place, took Shaozhou, and delivered it.

殷果立勳，甚德佶。 Yin prospered and held Ji in deep esteem.

開平初，殷表佶為朗州永順軍節度使，累加檢校太傅、同平章事。 Early in Kaiping Yin made him military commissioner of Langzhou's Yongshun army and Honorary Grand Tutor and Secretariat Fellow.

太祖詔湖南節度使馬殷、荊南節度使高季昌練精兵五千，遣將倪可福統之，下澧州，與潭兵合。 The Founder ordered Ma Yin and Gao Jichang to send five thousand elite troops under Ni Kefu to take Li and join the Tan army.

殷極其兵力，攻圍周歲，彥恭食盡兵敗，間使求救於淮夷。 Yin besieged a full year; starving and beaten, Yiangong sent to the Huai for aid.

馬殷擒其弟彥雄及逆黨七人，械送至闕，皆斬於汴橋下，時開平二年十一月也。 Ma Yin seized Yanxiong and seven rebels, sent them to Bian—all were executed at Bian Bridge in Kaiping 2, month 11.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 18Volume 18 Book of Later Liang 18: Biographies 8: Zhang Wenyu, Xue Yiju, Zhang Ce, Du Xiao, Jing Xiang, Li Zhen · 1 passage

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湖南馬殷為朗州雷滿所逼，振奉命馳往和解，殷、滿皆稟命。 When Ma Yin of Hunan was harried by Lei Man of Langzhou, Zhen was sent to mediate; both submitted.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 31Volume 31 Book of Later Tang 7: Zhuangzong Annals 5 · 1 passage

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乙亥，以天策上將軍、武安等軍節度使、守太師、中書令、楚王馬殷可依前守太師，兼尚書令。 On yihai Ma Yin of Chu—Celestial Stratagem general, Wu'an commissioner, acting Grand Preceptor, and chancellor—kept Grand Preceptor and took Director of the Imperial Secretariat.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 34Volume 34 Book of Later Tang 10: Zhuangzong Annals 8 · 1 passage

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癸丑，湖南馬殷奏，福建節度使王審知疾甚，副使王延翰已權知軍府事，請降旄節。 On guichou Ma Yin of Hunan reported Wang Shenzhi of Fujian gravely ill, Yanhan already running the prefecture, and asked for the commission.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 37Volume 37 Book of Later Tang 13: Mingzong Annals 3 · 1 passage

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癸酉，天策上將軍、湖南節度使、開府儀同三司、守太師、兼尚書令、楚王馬殷加檢校太師、守尚書令。 On guiyou Ma Yin of Chu was advanced to acting grand preceptor and grand secretariat director.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 40Volume 40 Book of Later Tang 16: Mingzong Annals 6 · 1 passage

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今錢鏐是元帥、尚父，與使相名殊，馬殷守太師、尚書令，是南省官資，不合署敕尾，今後敕牒內並落下。」 Qian Liu is marshal-in-chief and imperial father, unlike commissioners; Ma Yin holds grand preceptor and master of writing, a southern rank unfit for edict tails—hereafter omit both from edict slips."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41Volume 41 Book of Later Tang 17: Mingzong Annals 7 · 2 passages

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時湖南馬殷奏，久病不任軍政，乞以男希聲為帥，故有是命。 At the time Hunan Ma Yin reported long illness unfit for command and asked his son Xisheng be made commander—hence the order.

十二月乙未，荊南奏，湖南節度使、楚國王馬殷薨，廢朝三日。 On yiwei in the twelfth month Jingnan reported Hunan commissioner and King of Chu Ma Yin had died; court was suspended three days.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 42Volume 42 Book of Later Tang 18: Mingzong Annals 8 · 1 passage

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乙丑，詔曰：「故天策上將軍、守太師、尚書令、楚國王馬殷，品位俱高，封崇已極，無官可贈，宜賜諡及神道碑文，仍以王禮葬。」 On yichou an edict said: "The late King of Chu Ma Yin, whose ranks were already supreme, could not be given further posts but should receive a posthumous title, spirit-way stele, and royal burial."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Book of Later Tang 19: Mingzong Annals 9 · 1 passage

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湖南馬殷官是尚書令，殷薨，請授臣尚書令。」 Ma Yin of Hunan held the title Director of the Department of State Affairs. Now that he is dead, I ask that this title be granted to me."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 61Volume 61 Book of Later Tang 37: Biographies 13: An Jinquan, An Yuanxin, An Zhongba, Liu Xun, Zhang Jingxun, Liu Yancong, Yuan Jianfeng, Xifang Ye, Zhang Zunhui, Sun Zhang · 3 passages

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是時，湖南馬殷請以舟師會，及王師至荊渚，殷軍方到岳州。 Ma Yin of Hunan had offered a naval contingent, but when the imperial army reached Jingzhou his fleet had only just reached Yue.

仍傳意於訓，許助軍儲弓甲之類，久之，略無至者。 Yin still sent assurances of grain, arms, and armor, yet after a long wait almost nothing came.

〈（案《通鑒》：劉訓至荊南，楚王殷遣都指揮使許德勳等將水軍屯岳州。 (Per the 《Zizhi Tongjian》: When Liu Xun reached Jingnan, King Yin of Chu sent Xu Dexun and others with the fleet to encamp at Yue.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41Volume 41 Miscellaneous Biographies 21: Lu Guangchou, Tan Quanbo, Lei Man, Zhong Chuan, Zhao Kuangning · 2 passages

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開平元年，馬殷發兵攻彥恭，恃塹為阻，逾年不能破。 In Kaiping 1 (907) Ma Yin marched on Yan Gong. The moat held them off for more than a year.

三年，彥恭奔于楊行密，馬殷擒其弟彥雄等七人送于梁，斬于汴市，彥恭卒於淮南，澧、朗遂入于楚。 In year 3 Yan Gong fled to Yang Xingmi. Ma Yin seized his brother Yan Xiong and six others, sent the seven captives to Liang, and had them beheaded in Bian. Yan Gong died in Huainan. Li and Lang passed to Chu.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 68Volume 68: Hereditary House of Min · 1 passage

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長興三年，鏻上書言：「楚王馬殷、吳越王錢鏐皆為尚書令，今皆已薨，請授臣尚書令。」 In the third year of Changxing, Lin memorialized: "King Ma Yin of Chu and King Qian Liu of Wuyue were both Directors of the Secretariat; both are now dead—please grant me that office."

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 69Volume 69: Hereditary House of Nanping · 1 passage

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從誨以父自絕于唐，懼復見討，乃遣使者聘于楚，楚王馬殷為之請命于唐，而從誨亦遣押衙劉知謙奉表自歸，進贖罪銀三千兩，明宗納之。 Because his father had broken with Tang, Conghui feared renewed punishment. He sent envoys to Chu, and King Ma Yin of Chu petitioned Tang on his behalf. Conghui also sent the yamen officer Liu Zhiqian with a memorial of submission and three thousand taels of silver as atonement. Mingzong accepted.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 71Volume 71: Timeline for the Hereditary Houses of the Ten Kingdoms · 6 passages

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馬氏，據《湖湘故事》、《九國志》、《運歷圖》，並雲殷以長興元年卒，是歲，子希聲立，長興三年卒。 For the Ma clan of Chu: according to the Huxiang Gushi, the Jiuguo Zhi, and the Yunli Tu, all agree that Yin died in the first year of Changxing; that year his son Xisheng succeeded, and Xisheng died in the third year of Changxing.