Pei Songzhi (裴松之)

Overview

The translated histories identify Pei Songzhi as a commentator, historian, official, and scholar. This record brings together 14 passages from 5 chapters across 4 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Pei Songzhi	裴松之	Péi Sōngzhī
Title	Grand Master of the Palace	太中大夫
Personal name	Pei Songzhi	裴松之
Personal name	Pei Songzhi	裴松之	Péi Sōngzhī
Personal	Pei Songzhi	裴松之	Pei Songzhi
Personal	Pei Songzhi	裴松之
Given name	Songzhi	松之
Alternate name	Songzhi	松之
Given	Songzhi	松之	Sōngzhī
Given	Songzhi	松之	Songzhi

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · liangshu:030:s0005, sanguozhi:031:s0003
Sex: male
Explicit · nanqishu:053:s0121, sanguozhi:031:s0120, sanguozhi:063:s0079, songshu:055:s0222

Roles

Commentator
Historian
Official
Scholar

Life and dates

Death

Note: died before finishing History of Song
Explicit · liangshu:030:s0038

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 宋元嘉中 · Reign Id: liu-song-yuanjia · Western Interval: Start: AD 430 · End: AD 450
Explicit · liangshu:030:s0038
Source Date: Text: Song dynasty before Pei Zhaoming's Taishi career · Western Interval: Start: AD 424 · End: AD 465
Explicit · nanqishu:053:s0121
Source Date: Text: 元嘉 · Western Interval: Start: AD 424 · End: AD 453
Explicit · songshu:055:s0222
Source Date: Text: 臣松之以為 · Western Year: AD 429
Explicit · sanguozhi:031:s0120
Source Date: Text: 臣松之案 · Western Year: AD 429
Explicit event contextual date · sanguozhi:063:s0079
Source Date: Text: 裴注 · Western Year: AD 429
Strongly inferred · sanguozhi:031:s0003

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Ancestor of Pei Zhaoming (裴昭明)
Kinship Term: grandson / 孫 · Generation Distance: 2 · Line: paternal · Intermediary Person Ids: Pei Yin (裴)
Ancestor of Pei Ziye (裴子野)
Kinship Term: great-grandfather / 曾祖 · Generation Distance: 3 · Line: paternal
Kinship Term: great-grandfather / 曾祖 · Generation Distance: 3 · Line: paternal
Parent of Pei Yin (裴)
Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Career and standing

Action: held · Appointments: Grandee of Palace Attendants / 太中大夫
Explicit · nanqishu:053:s0121
Label: Grand Master of the Palace / 太中大夫 · Action: held
Explicit · liangshu:030:s0005

Places and affiliations

Polity Id: liu-song · Relation: served
Explicit · liangshu:030:s0005

Works and attributed material

Work: Records of the Three Kingdoms commentary / 三國志注 · Relation: commentator
Explicit · sanguozhi:063:s0079
Kind: commentary · Role: author · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Pei Songzhi (裴松之)
Explicit · sanguozhi:031:s0120
Kind: commentary · Role: author
Explicit · sanguozhi:031:s0003, sanguozhi:063:s0079, sanguozhi:063:s0145, sanguozhi:063:s0189

Events and relationships

Kind: scholarly · Role: compiler · Action: continued-history-of-song · Other Person Id: He Chengtian (何承天)
Explicit · liangshu:030:s0038

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: Sun Sheng's main point echoes the official appraisal; other barbs unreasonable · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Pei Songzhi (裴松之)
Explicit · sanguozhi:063:s0145, sanguozhi:063:s0146
Assessment: Wu lu anachronistically calls Sun Quan 'Your Majesty' before emperorship · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Pei Songzhi (裴松之)
Explicit · sanguozhi:063:s0079

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Liang, Chapter 30Volume 30: Pei Ziye; Gu Xie; Xu Chi; Bao Quan · 2 passages

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曾祖松之，宋太中大夫。 His great-grandfather Pei Songzhi had been a Grand Master of the Palace under the Song.

初，子野曾祖松之，宋元嘉中受詔續修何承天《宋史》，未及成而卒，子野常欲繼成先業。 Earlier, Ziye's great-grandfather Pei Songzhi, in the Yuanjia era of Song, had received an edict to continue He Chengtian's History of Song, but died before finishing it; Ziye had long wished to complete his ancestor's work.

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 53Volume 53 Biographies 34: Virtuous Officials · 1 passage

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裴昭明，河東聞喜人，宋太中大夫松之孫也。 Pei Zhaoming was a native of Wenxi in Hedong commandery and a grandson of the Song dynasty grandee of palace attendants Pei Songzhi.

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 31Volume 31: Book of Shu 1: Biographies of the Two Governor Lius · 4 passages

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〈臣松之案：祝公，司徒祝恬也。〉〈Pei Songzhi remarks: “Duke Zhu was Zhu Tian, who served as minister of education.”〉

臣松之按：靈帝崩後，義軍起，孫堅殺荊州刺史王叡，然後劉表為荊州，不與焉同時也。 Pei Songzhi remarks: After Emperor Ling died and the loyalist armies rose, Sun Jian killed Jing inspector Wang Rui; Liu Biao’s appointment to Jing came only afterward and was not contemporaneous with Liu Yan’s.

〈臣松之案：魏台訪「物故」之義，高堂隆答曰：「聞之先師：物，無也；〈Pei Songzhi cites the Wei court’s query on the term wu gu (“passed away”). Gao Tanglong replied: “My teacher explained: wu means ‘nothing’;

臣松之以為今東人呼母為負，衍以許負為婦人，如為有似，然漢高祖時封皆列侯，未有鄉亭之爵，疑此封為不然。〉 Pei Songzhi notes that eastern dialects used fu for “mother,” which may explain Kong Yan’s treating Xu Fu as a woman—yet Gaozu’s reign ennobled only full marquises, never mere village titles, so that fief is almost certainly wrong.

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 63Volume 63: Book of Wu 18: Biographies of Wu Fan, Liu Dun, and Zhao Da · 6 passages

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臣松之案，范死时，权未称帝，此云陛下，非也。〉 Pei Songzhi observes Sun Quan was not yet emperor when Wu Fan died—“Your Majesty” is anachronistic.〉

臣松之以为盛云“君子志其大者，无所取诸”，故评家之旨，非新声也。 Pei Songzhi notes Sun Sheng echoes the official appraisal.

其餘所讥，则皆为非理。 Pei rejects Sun Sheng’s other barbs.

然则鹅死亦有鬼也。 Pei wonders whether geese have ghosts.

臣松之以为葛洪所记，近为惑众，其书文颇行世，故撮取数事，载之篇末也。 Pei cites Ge Hong to show wonder-tales entertained readers—not sober history.

神仙之术，讵可测量，臣之臆断，以为惑众，所谓夏虫不知冷冰耳。〉 Pei dismisses miracle lore as summer worms denying winter—closing the gloss.

Book of Song, Chapter 55Volume 55 Biographies 15: Zang Dao, Xu Guang, F Long · 1 passage

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臧燾、徐廣、傅隆、裴松之、何承天、雷次宗，並服膺聖哲，不為雅俗推移，立名於世，宜矣。 Zang Dao, Xu Guang, Fu Long, Pei Songzhi, He Chengtian, and Lei Cizong all devoted themselves to the sages, were not swayed by fashion, and won renown in their age — as was only fitting.