Song, Liao, and Jin · Ruler

Xiang

Xu

Born AD 1048

Passages
15
Chapters
4
Histories
2

Overview

The translated histories identify Xiang as a royal family member and ruler. This record brings together 15 passages from 4 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal Xiang Xu
Title crown prince 皇太子
Title Crown Prince 皇太子 Huang Taizi
Title Duke of Guangguo 光國公
Title Duke of Guangguo 光國公 Guangguo Gong
Temple Emperor Shenzong 神宗 Shenzong
Title Emperor Shenzong, Continuing Heaven through Sagely Filial 神宗紹天法古運德建功英文烈武欽仁聖孝皇帝 Shenzong Shaotian Fagu Yunde Jiangong Yingwen Liewu Qinren Shengxiao Huangdi
Title Prince of Huaiyang 淮陽郡王
Title Prince of Huaiyang 淮陽郡王 Huaiyang Junwang
Title Prince of Ying 潁王
Title Prince of Ying 潁王 Ying Wang
Temple Shenzong 神宗 Shenzong
Title Song ruler 宋主
Personal Xiang
Given Xiang
Personal Xu Xu
Personal Zhongzhen 仲鍼 Zhongzhen
Childhood Zhongzhen 仲鍼 Zhongzhen

Identity

Historicity
Historical
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Royal Family Member
  • Ruler

Life and dates

Birth

  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 慶曆八年四月戊寅 · Western Year: AD 1048 · Place: Prince of Pu's palace / 濮王宮
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0002

Death

Attested activity

  • Source Date: Text: 大安元年 · Reign Id: liao-daan · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 1085
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:024:s0154
  • Source Date: Text: 二年春正月 · Western Year: AD 1069
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:014:s0175
  • Source Date: Text: 咸雍三年三月癸亥 · Western Year: AD 1067
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:022:s0102
  • Source Date: Text: 嘉祐八年 · Western Year: AD 1063
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:013:s0039, songshi:014:s0005
  • Source Date: Text: 慶曆八年四月戊寅 · Western Year: AD 1048
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0002
  • Source Date: Text: 治平三年 · Western Year: AD 1066
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:013:s0186
  • Source Date: Text: 治平三年三月 · Western Year: AD 1066
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0014
  • Source Date: Text: 治平元年 · Western Year: AD 1064
    Explicit event contextual date · songshi:013:s0081
  • Source Date: Text: 治平元年六月 · Western Year: AD 1064
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0013
  • Source Date: Text: 治平四年正月丁巳 · Western Year: AD 1067
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0017
  • Source Date: Text: 熙甯元年 · Western Year: AD 1068

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

  • Spouse of Empress Xiang (向氏)
    Kinship Term: consort / 夫人 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: formed
    Kinship Term: consort / 夫人 · Union Category: primary-marriage
  • Sibling of Zhao Yun (趙頵)
    Kinship Term: elder brother / 兄 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger
    Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: elder
  • Sibling of Zhao Hao (趙顥)
    Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: elder
    Kinship Term: elder brother / 兄 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger
  • Child of Emperor Yingzong (英宗)
    Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
    Kinship Term: eldest son / 長子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 1
  • Child of Yingzong (英宗)
    Kinship Term: imperial son / 皇子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  • Child of Empress Xuanren (宣仁聖烈皇后高氏)
    Kinship Term: mother / 母 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: mother
    Kinship Term: mother / 母 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son
  • Child of Shu (曙)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  • Parent of Song ruler Xu (煦)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Career and standing

  • Label: Zhongwu military commissioner / 忠武軍節度使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉祐八年九月辛亥 · Western Year: AD 1063
    Explicit · songshi:013:s0052
  • Label: deputy chief of the guard office / 率府副率 · Action: appointed
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0004
  • Label: general of the right thousand-oxen guard / 右千牛衛將軍 · Action: appointed
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0004
  • Label: military commissioner of Zhongwu / co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery / 忠武軍節度使、同中書門下平章事 · Action: appointed
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0012
  • Label: observation commissioner of An / 安州觀察使 · Action: appointed
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0006
  • Title: Prince of Huaiyang / 淮陽郡王 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉祐八年九月辛亥 · Western Year: AD 1063
    Explicit · songshi:013:s0052
  • Title: Duke of Guangguo / 光國公 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉祐八年四月丁亥 · Western Year: AD 1063
    Explicit · songshi:013:s0039
  • Title: Prince of Ying / 潁王 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 治平元年六月己亥 · Western Year: AD 1064
    Explicit · songshi:013:s0081
  • Title: Duke of Guangguo / 光國公 · Action: granted
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0006
  • Title: Prince of Huaiyang / 淮陽郡王 · Action: granted
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0012
  • Title: Prince of Ying / 潁王 · Action: granted
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0013
  • Status: crown-prince · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 治平三年十二月壬寅 · Western Year: AD 1066
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0016
  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸雍三年三月癸亥 · Western Year: AD 1067
    Explicit · liaoshi:022:s0102
  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 治平三年十二月壬寅 · Western Year: AD 1066 · Role: crown-prince
    Explicit · songshi:013:s0186
  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 治平四年正月丁巳 · Western Year: AD 1067
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0017

Places and affiliations

Learning and skills

  • Label: received the classics in the Eastern Palace / 受經於東宮
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0007

Works and attributed material

Events and relationships

  • Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: attended Tang Jie's mourning · Other Person Id: Tang Jie (唐介)
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0188
  • Kind: political · Role: actor · Action: began holding court after three ministerial pleas · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 治平四年正月丙寅 · Western Year: AD 1067
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0023
  • Kind: ritual · Role: subject · Action: dreamed a spirit bore him to Heaven
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0005
  • Relation: student-of · Person Id: Wang Tao (王陶)
    Explicit · songshi:014:s0011

Assessments and attributes

Source notes

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Liao, Chapter 22Volume 22 Annals 22: Daozong 2 · 1 passage
History of Liao, Chapter 24Volume 24 Annals 24: Daozong 4 · 1 passage
History of Song, Chapter 13Volume 13 Annals 13: Yingzong · 7 passages
History of Song, Chapter 14Volume 14 Annals 14: Shenzong 1 · 6 passages