Da Hong'a (達洪阿) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Da Hong'a as a general, military officer, official, and soldier. This record brings together 25 passages from 6 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Da Hong'a	達洪阿	Da Hong'a
Title	Akedachun Baturu	阿克達春巴圖魯
Personal name	Da Hong'a	達洪阿	Dáhóng'ā
Personal name	Da Hong'a	達洪阿	Da Hong'a
Personal name	Da Hong'a	達洪阿	Dá Hóng'ā
Clan name	Fuca	富察氏	Fùchá
Courtesy name	Hou'an	厚庵	Hòu'ān
Title	Xining Resident Minister	西寧辦事大臣
Posthumous name	Zhuangwu	壯武	Zhuàngwǔ

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:382:s0071, qingshigao:384:s0001, qingshigao:393:s0051
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:387:s0055, qingshigao:392:s0023
Value: male
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0183

Roles

General
Military Officer
Official
Soldier

Life and dates

Death

Manner: wounded-in-campaign · Place: Fucheng / 阜城 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 四年 · Western Year: AD 1854
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0209

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 道光二十五年 · Regnal Year: 25 · Western Year: AD 1845
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:382:s0064, qingshigao:382:s0071
Source Date: Text: 三年 · Western Year: AD 1853
Explicit · qingshigao:387:s0055
Source Date: Text: 二十一年秋 · Western Year: AD 1841
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0151
Source Date: Text: 及海疆戒嚴 · Western Year: AD 1840
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:384:s0149, qingshigao:384:s0148
Source Date: Text: 咸豐三年 · Western Year: AD 1853
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0205
Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0203, qingshigao:392:s0019, qingshigao:392:s0023
Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:393:s0051
Source Date: Text: 咸豐四年 · Western Year: AD 1854
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0208
Source Date: Text: 道光三十年 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0202
Source Date: Text: 道光二十一年八月 · Western Year: AD 1841
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0187
Source Date: Text: 道光二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1842
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0191
Source Date: Text: 道光二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1846
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0201
Source Date: Text: 道光十五年 · Western Year: AD 1835
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0185
Source Date: Text: 道光十八年 · Western Year: AD 1838
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0186

Origins and identity

Name: Manchu / 滿洲
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0183
Clan: Fuca / 富察氏
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0183

Career and standing

Label: Vice Commander-in-Chief / 副都統 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三十年 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0202
Label: Assistant Commissioner at Yili / 伊犁參贊大臣 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0200
Label: Commissioner at Hami / 哈密辦事大臣 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0199
Label: Commissioner at Xining / 西寧辦事大臣 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0200
Label: Xining resident minister / 西寧辦事大臣 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:382:s0071
Label: Provincial Commander rank / 提督銜 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十八年 · Western Year: AD 1838
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0186
Label: Third-Class Bodyguard / 三等侍衛 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0199
Label: guardsman / 護軍 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0184
Label: Regional Commander / 總兵 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0149
Label: Brigade Commander / 總兵 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0184
Label: Taiwan garrison commander / 台灣鎮總兵 · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年 · Western Year: AD 1835
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0185
Label: peacock feather / 花翎 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十八年 · Western Year: AD 1838
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0186
Label: Akedachun Baturu / 阿克達春巴圖魯 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0194
Label: double-eyed peacock feather / 雙眼花翎 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0188
Label: Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent / 太子太保銜 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0194
Label: Commander-in-Chief rank / 都統銜 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0210
Title: Cavalry Commandant hereditary rank / 騎都尉世職 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0190
Title: Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant hereditary ranks / 騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0210
Status: restored-to-office · Action: entered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 四年 · Western Year: AD 1854
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0208
Status: imprisoned · Action: entered
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0199
Status: released · Action: entered
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0199
Status: rehabilitation · Action: received · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 文宗即位 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0172
Label: dismissal and arrest after Pottinger complaint / 革職逮問 · Action: suffered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 和議後 · Western Year: AD 1842 · Authority Person Id: Yiliang (怡良)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0197, qingshigao:369:s0198
Label: dismissed for retreating first / 先退革職 · Action: suffered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年 · Western Year: AD 1853
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0207
Status: arrest · Action: suffered
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0161

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:369:s0183
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:387:s0055
Organization: Bordered Yellow Banner / 鑲黃旗 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0183

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0150

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: broke-Guocha-stronghold
Explicit · qingshigao:382:s0075
Kind: military · Role: officer · Action: campaigned-in-Guangxi · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851 · Other Person Id: Saishang'a (賽尚阿)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0203
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated-rebels-at-Xian · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 四年 · Western Year: AD 1854
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0208
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defended-Jilong · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十一年八月 · Western Year: AD 1841 · Other Person Id: Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0187, qingshigao:369:s0188, qingshigao:369:s0189
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: destroyed-enemy-at-Da-an · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1842 · Other Person Id: Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0191, qingshigao:369:s0192, qingshigao:369:s0193
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: fought-at-Jinghai · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年 · Western Year: AD 1853 · Other Person Id: Senggebao (勝保)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0205, qingshigao:369:s0206
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: pacified-fan-villages
Explicit · qingshigao:382:s0074
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: repelled-British-with-Yao · Other Person Id: Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0152
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: stormed-Black-Cuosi-Monastery
Explicit · qingshigao:382:s0074
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: suppressed-Shen-He · Place: Jiayi / 嘉義 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十八年 · Western Year: AD 1838 · Other Person Id: Shen He (沈和)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0186
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Yao Ying (姚瑩)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0181, qingshigao:369:s0192

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 369Volume 369 Biographies 156: Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Da Hong A · 12 passages

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總兵達洪阿偕台灣道姚瑩屢卻之。 Brigade Commander Da Hong'a and Taiwan Circuit Intendant Yao Ying repeatedly drove them back.

達洪阿，字厚庵，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 Da Hong'a, styled Hou'an, of the Fuca clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner.

二十一年八月，英兵船至雞籠海口，達洪阿與姚瑩督兵御之。 In the eighth month of 1841 British warships reached Jilong Harbor. Da Hong'a and Yao Ying directed the defense.

副將邱鎮功燃巨砲折其桅，敵船衝礁破碎，擒斬甚眾，賜雙眼花翎。 Vice-Commander Qiu Zhengong fired a heavy cannon and snapped the enemy mast. The enemy ship struck a reef and broke apart, and many of the crew were captured or killed. Da Hong'a was awarded the double-eyed peacock feather.

達洪阿謀於姚瑩，瑩曰：「此未可與海上爭鋒，必以計殲之。」 Da Hong'a consulted Yao Ying, who said: 'We cannot meet them head-on at sea. They must be destroyed by stratagem.'

詔嘉台灣三次破敵，達洪阿等智勇兼施，大揚國威，賜號阿克達春巴圖魯，加太子太保銜。 An edict commended Taiwan's three victories over the enemy, praising Da Hong'a and his colleagues for combining strategy and courage and greatly enhancing national prestige. He was granted the title Akedachun Baturu and the rank of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

敵船遊奕外洋，乘間掩擊，迭有俘獲，遂不復至。 When enemy ships cruised offshore, Da Hong'a struck at every opening, repeatedly taking prisoners, and the enemy did not return.

英將濮鼎查訴稱台灣所戮皆遭風難民，達洪阿等冒功捏奏，命總督怡良赴台灣查辦。 British general Pottinger claimed that those killed in Taiwan were shipwrecked civilians and that Da Hong'a and his colleagues had fabricated their reports to claim false credit. Governor Yiliang was ordered to Taiwan to investigate.

至即傳旨革職逮問，兵民不服，勢洶洶，達洪阿等撫慰乃散。 On his arrival an edict immediately dismissed Da Hong'a from office and ordered his arrest. Soldiers and civilians were outraged and the situation grew volatile until Da Hong'a and his colleagues calmed the crowd.

詔斥達洪阿先退，革職，留營效力。 An edict rebuked Da Hong'a for having retreated first, stripped him of office, and ordered him to remain with the army to redeem himself through service.

贈都統銜，予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，諡壯武。 He was posthumously granted commander-in-chief rank, awarded the hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and given the posthumous name Zhuangwu.

若達洪阿、姚瑩卻敵台灣，固由守禦有方，亦因敵非專注，朝廷皆不得已而罪之，諸人卒皆復起，而名節播宇內、煥史冊矣。 As for Da Hong'a and Yao Ying driving back the enemy in Taiwan, their success owed something to sound defense but also to the fact that the enemy was not fully committed. The court punished them under political necessity, yet all eventually rose again, and their reputations spread throughout the empire and endure brightly in the historical record.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 382Volume 382 Biographies 169: Hu Song E, Bu Yan Tai, Sa Ying A · 2 passages

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惠吉籌辦未有緒，歿於任，乃以布彥泰代之，未至，命林則徐先署總督，並授達洪阿西寧辦事大臣，同治其事。 Before Huiji could organize the response he died in post; Bu Yantai was named to succeed him, but Lin Zexu was first ordered to act as governor-general, with Da Hong'a as Xining minister to manage the campaign jointly.

達洪阿率兵剿平番莊，惟黑錯寺匪眾抗拒，攻下之。 Da Hong'a swept the fan villages; only the Black Cuosi Monastery rebels held out, and he took them by assault.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 6 passages

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及海疆戒嚴，瑩與總兵達洪阿預為戰守計。 When the coast was placed on military alert, Yao and Regional Commander Da Hong'a drew up plans for defense in advance.

達洪阿性剛，與同官鮮合，瑩推誠相接，一日謁謝曰：「武人不學，為子所容久矣，自今聽子而行。」 Da Hong'a was stubborn and rarely got on with his colleagues; Yao treated him with open sincerity until one day Da called to say: "We soldiers are unlettered men; you have borne with me long enough—from now on I shall follow your lead."

瑩設方略，與達洪阿督兵連卻之，大有斬獲，收前所失寧波、廈門砲械甚多。 Yao devised the strategy; working with Da Hong'a he drove the enemy back again and again with heavy casualties inflicted on them, and recovered much of the artillery lost earlier at Ningbo and Xiamen.

瑩與達洪阿謀曰：「大府意欲市德，藉以退鼓浪嶼之兵。 Yao and Da Hong'a agreed: "The governor wants to curry favor and use the prisoners to get the British off Gulangyu.

瑩與達洪阿約，義不與俘虜質，即自引咎。 Yao and Da Hong'a had agreed that they would not use prisoners as bargaining chips and at once accepted full responsibility.

文宗即位，黜大學士穆彰阿，詔宣示中外，並及瑩與達洪阿被陷狀，於是復起用，授湖北武昌鹽法道，未行，擢廣西按察使，命參大學士賽尚阿軍事。 When the Wenzong Emperor came to the throne, Grand Secretary Mujangga was dismissed and an edict to the empire also cleared Yao and Da Hong'a of the false charges against them; Yao was then restored, appointed salt law intendant at Wuchang in Hubei, and before he could take up that post was promoted provincial judge of Guangxi and ordered to join Grand Secretary Saišangga's staff.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 1 passage

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三年，粵匪擾河南、直隸，京師戒嚴，命偕僧格林沁、花沙納、達洪阿辦理京旗各營巡防事宜。 In 1853, when rebels from Guangdong ravaged Henan and Zhili and the capital was put on alert, he was ordered with Sengge Rinchen, Huashana, and Da Hong'a to organize patrol and defense for the metropolitan banner forces.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 179: Sai Shang A, Ne Er Jing E · 3 passages

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