Saishang'a (賽尚阿) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Saishang'a as a family member, general, official, and statesman. This record brings together 31 passages from 9 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Saishang'a	賽尚阿	Saishang'a
Clan name	Arute	阿魯特	Ālǔtè
Title	Grand Secretary	大學士
Title	Grand Secretary Sai Shang'a	大學士賽尚阿
Courtesy name	Heting	鶴汀	Hètīng
Personal name	Sai Shang'a	賽尚阿	Sai Shang'a
Personal name	Sai Shang'a	賽尚阿	Sài Shàng'ā
Personal	Sai Shang'a	賽尚阿	Sai Shang'a
Personal name	Sai Shang'a	賽尚阿	Saishanga
Personal name	Sai Shang'a	賽尚阿	Sàishàng'ā
Personal name	Saišangga	賽尚阿	Saišangga
Personal name	Saišangga	賽尚阿
Personal name	Saishang'a	賽尚阿	Sàishàng'ā

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:378:s0050, qingshigao:384:s0001, qingshigao:393:s0051, qingshigao:393:s0052, qingshigao:394:s0058, qingshigao:423:s0015
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:390:s0061, qingshigao:392:s0001, qingshigao:468:s0002
Value: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:369:s0203

Roles

Family Member
General
Official
Statesman

Life and dates

Death

Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒元年 · Western Year: AD 1875
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0055

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 三十年 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0018
Source Date: Text: 二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1841
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0011
Source Date: Text: 二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1842
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0012
Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1844
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0016
Source Date: Text: 二年正月 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0039
Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1855
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0052
Source Date: Text: 光緒元年 · Western Year: AD 1875
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0055
Source Date: Text: 六月 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0026
Source Date: Text: 十五年 · Western Year: AD 1835
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0009
Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1860
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:392:s0053
Source Date: Text: 命參大學士賽尚阿軍事 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0172
Source Date: Text: 咸豐二年 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit · qingshigao:394:s0058
Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:369:s0203, qingshigao:378:s0153, qingshigao:378:s0154
Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0019, qingshigao:393:s0051, qingshigao:393:s0052
Source Date: Text: 咸豐四年 · Western Year: AD 1854
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:468:s0002
Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0002
Source Date: Text: 道光二十一年前後 · Western Year: AD 1841
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:423:s0099
Source Date: Text: 道光二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1846
Explicit · qingshigao:390:s0061
Source Date: Text: 道光十一年 · Western Year: AD 1831
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0005

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Child of Father of Sai Shang'a
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Parent of Chongqi (崇綺)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kin of Muyin (穆蔭)
Kinship Term: private kinsman / 私親

Kinship Role: sons · Count: 3
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0050

Origins and identity

Ethnicity: Mongol / 蒙古
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0001
Lineage: Arute clan / 阿魯特氏
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0001

Career and standing

Label: associate grand secretary / 協辦大學士 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三十年 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0018
Label: imperial commissioner / 欽差大臣 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1842
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0012
Label: Grand Council trainee / 軍機大臣上學習行走 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十五年 · Western Year: AD 1835
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0009
Label: vice commander of the Mongol Plain Red Banner / 正紅旗蒙古副都統 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 1860
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0053
Label: Grand Secretary of the Hall of Literary Glory / 文華殿大學士 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0019
Label: imperial commissioner to Hunan / 欽差大臣 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0022
Label: copyist at the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理籓院筆帖式 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0002
Label: Reader in the Grand Secretariat / 內閣侍讀學士 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 道光十一年 · Western Year: AD 1831
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0005
Label: commissioner at Hami / 哈密辦事大臣 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0006
Label: Grand Secretariat academician / 內閣學士 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0006
Label: minister of revenue / 戶部尚書 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0017
Label: minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理籓院尚書 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0010
Label: vice minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs / 理籓院侍郎 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0007
Label: commander of the Metropolitan Gendarmerie / 步軍統領 · Action: concurrent · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三十年 · Western Year: AD 1850
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0018
Label: vice banner commander / 副都統 · Action: concurrent
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0007
Label: first-class imperial bodyguard / 頭等侍衛 · Action: granted
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0006
Label: Grand Secretary / 大學士 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0203, qingshigao:384:s0172
Label: Grand Council clerk / 軍機章京 · Action: served · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0002
Label: peacock feather / 花翎 · Action: bestowed
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0015
Status: demotion · Action: demoted-four-ranks-retained · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0035
Status: exile · Action: entered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1855
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0052
Status: illness-resignation · Action: entered
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0054
Status: released-from-prison · Action: entered
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0051
Status: property-confiscation · Action: suffered
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0050
Label: dismissed for crime / 以罪黜 · Action: dismissed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐二年 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit · qingshigao:394:s0058
Label: sentenced to death / 論大辟 · Action: sentenced
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0050
Label: stripped of office and sent for trial / 褫職逮京治罪 · Action: suffered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐二年 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0049
Status: arrest · Action: suffered
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0180

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:378:s0002, qingshigao:392:s0001, qingshigao:392:s0002
Place: Mongol Plain Blue Banner / 蒙古正藍旗
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0001
Place: Tianjin / 天津 · Relation: posted-to · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十二年 · Western Year: AD 1842
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0012
Organization: Mongol Plain Blue Banner / 蒙古正藍旗 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0001

Learning and skills

Credential: translation-track provincial graduate / 繙譯舉人 · Action: earned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 嘉慶二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1816
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0002

Works and attributed material

Kind: memorial · Role: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 六月 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0026, qingshigao:392:s0028, qingshigao:392:s0029, qingshigao:392:s0030
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · qingshigao:378:s0156, qingshigao:392:s0050

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: campaign-without-success
Explicit · qingshigao:468:s0004
Kind: legal · Role: investigator · Action: investigated · Other Person Id: Fukejing'a (福克精阿) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 道光十一年 · Western Year: AD 1831
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0005
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: led-Guangxi-campaign
Explicit · qingshigao:384:s0172, qingshigao:384:s0180
Kind: legal · Role: judge · Action: reheard-case · Other Person Id: Lady Kang (康王氏) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1844
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0016
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: supervised-Yong'an-breakout · Place: Yong'an / 永安 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二年正月 · Western Year: AD 1852
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0039
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: suppressed-Guangxi-rebels · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851 · Other Person Id: Da Hong'a (達洪阿)
Explicit · qingshigao:369:s0203
Kind: military · Role: inspector · Action: surveyed-coastal-defenses · Place: Tianjin and Shanhaiguan / 天津、山海關 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1841
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0011
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Sengge Rinchen (僧格林沁)
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0011
Relation: subordinate-of · Person Id: Ne'erjing'e (訥爾經額)
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0051
Relation: successor-of · Person Id: Li Xingyuan (李星沅)
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0022, qingshigao:392:s0025
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Muyin (穆蔭)
Explicit · qingshigao:378:s0154
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Fu Jun (富俊)
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0005
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: En Gui (恩桂)
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0014

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: failed-to-control-generals · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0116
Item: Yebilong saber / 遏必隆刀 · Relation: bestowed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 咸豐元年 · Western Year: AD 1851
Explicit · qingshigao:392:s0022

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 369Volume 369 Biographies 156: Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Da Hong A · 1 passage

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咸豐元年，從大學士賽尚阿勦賊廣西，破紫金山西南砲台。 In 1851 he followed Grand Secretary Saishang'a to suppress rebels in Guangxi and captured the southwest battery on Zijin Mountain.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 378Volume 378 Biographies 165: Huang Juezi, Jin Yinglin, Chen Qingyong, Su Tingkui, Zhu Qi · 3 passages

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賽尚阿出督師，援引內閣侍讀穆廕擢五品京堂，在軍機大臣上學習行走。 When Saišangga went out to command the army, he promoted Grand Secretariat reader Muyin to fifth-rank capital official and placed him to learn duties above the Grand Council.

廷魁疏劾其壞舊制，用私親，超擢太驟，易啟幸進之門，請俟賽尚阿還，令回章京本任，詔斥擅預黜陟，猶以素行端方，不之罪。 Tingkui impeached this as a breach of precedent, nepotism, and reckless promotion that opened the door to favoritism, and asked that Muyin return to his clerk post when Saišangga came back. An edict rebuked Tingkui for interfering in appointments, but spared him because of his upright record.

上先隱其名，出疏示賽尚阿，賽尚阿退，飲台垣酒，問：「誰實彈我？」 The Emperor first concealed Tingkui's name and showed the memorial to Saišangga; when Saišangga withdrew and drank with the censorial officials, he asked, "Who impeached me?"

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 384Volume 384 Biographies 171: Lin Peihou, Li Xiangkun, Li Zongchuan, Wang Fengsheng, Huang Mian, Yu De Yuan, Yao Ying · 2 passages

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文宗即位，黜大學士穆彰阿，詔宣示中外，並及瑩與達洪阿被陷狀，於是復起用，授湖北武昌鹽法道，未行，擢廣西按察使，命參大學士賽尚阿軍事。 When the Wenzong Emperor came to the throne, Grand Secretary Mujangga was dismissed and an edict to the empire also cleared Yao and Da Hong'a of the false charges against them; Yao was then restored, appointed salt law intendant at Wuchang in Hubei, and before he could take up that post was promoted provincial judge of Guangxi and ordered to join Grand Secretary Saišangga's staff.

瑩力辯其失，賽尚阿仍用向榮策，賊果突圍出犯桂林，烏蘭泰戰死，賽尚阿逮問。 Yao argued strenuously against the plan, but Saišangga followed Xiang Rong's strategy; the rebels broke out, struck toward Guilin, Ulan Tai was killed in battle, and Saišangga was arrested.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 390Volume 390 Biographies 177: Jia Zhen, Zhou Zupei, Zhu Fengbiao, Dan Maoqian · 1 passage

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二十六年，偕尚書賽尚阿查勘江南江防善後事宜，校閱江蘇、安徽、江西營伍。 In the twenty-sixth year he joined Minister Sai Shang'a in inspecting post-disaster arrangements for the Jiangnan river defenses and in reviewing the garrisons of Jiangsu, Anhui, and Jiangxi.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 179: Sai Shang A, Ne Er Jing E · 13 passages

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賽尚阿，字鶴汀，阿魯特氏，蒙古正藍旗人。 Sai Shang'a, whose courtesy name was Heting, belonged to the Arute clan and came from the Mongol Plain Blue Banner.

宣宗命樞臣甄別所屬，賽尚阿列一等，予優敘。 When the Daoguang Emperor ordered Grand Council ministers to grade their subordinates, Sai Shang'a was placed in the top tier and granted preferential advancement.

初，京師添設槍隊，命賽尚阿偕左都御史恩桂司訓練。 Earlier, when a musket corps was added in the capital, Sai Shang'a and Left Censor-in-Chief En Gui were put in charge of its training.

文宗深憂之，以賽尚阿親信近臣，命為欽差大臣，赴湖南防堵，將以代星沅也，特賜遏必隆刀，給庫帑二百萬兩備軍餉。 Emperor Wenzong was deeply alarmed; because Sai Shang'a was a trusted intimate, he was made imperial commissioner to go to Hunan and block the rebels, intending him to replace Xingyuan; he was specially given the ceremonial Yebilong saber and two million taels from the treasury for military expenses.

未幾，星沅卒於軍，趣賽尚阿馳往督師，授內大臣。 Before long Xingyuan died in camp; Sai Shang'a was urgently ordered to hurry forward and take command, and was appointed an inner minister.

官軍失利，遂陷永安州，賽尚阿坐失機，降四級留任。 The government forces were defeated and Yong'an fell; Sai Shang'a was blamed for missing his chance and was demoted four ranks while kept in post.

二年正月，賽尚阿親往督之，用向榮策，缺城北一隅不置兵，縱其出，因而擊之。 In the first month of the second year (1852) Sai Shang'a went in person to direct operations; following Xiang Rong's plan, he left one stretch of the north wall unguarded, let the rebels break out, and then attacked them.

賽尚阿自請治罪，詔責戴罪以圖補救，命兩廣總督徐廣縉率師赴援。 Sai Shang'a asked to be punished; the court rebuked him but let him keep his post to make amends and ordered Governor-General Xu Guangjin of the two Guang provinces to bring troops to the rescue.

賽尚阿始入駐省城，遣提督餘萬清、總兵劉長清進攻全州。 Only then did Sai Shang'a move into the provincial capital and send Regional Commander Yu Wanqing and Brigade General Liu Changqing to attack Quanzhou.

賊遂入湖南，連陷道州、江華、永明、嘉禾、藍山、桂陽，賽尚阿尾之，抵衡陽。 The rebels then pushed into Hunan, taking Daozhou, Jianghua, Yongming, Jiahe, Lanshan, and Guiyang in succession; Sai Shang'a followed in their wake as far as Hengyang.

湖南巡撫羅繞典以聞，文宗震怒，詔斥賽尚阿調度無方，號令不明，賞罰失當，以致勞師糜餉，日久無功，褫職逮京治罪。 When Hunan Governor Luo Raodian reported the situation, Emperor Wenzong was furious; an edict denounced Sai Shang'a for confused command, muddled orders, and skewed rewards and punishments that had worn out the army, wasted funds, and produced nothing over months; he was stripped of office and sent to the capital for trial.

命大學士等會鞫，賽尚阿伏地流涕，自言不忍殺人辜負聖恩，論大辟，籍其家，三子並褫職。 Grand secretaries and others were ordered to try him jointly; Sai Shang'a prostrated himself in tears and said he could not bring himself to kill and had betrayed the emperor's trust; he was sentenced to death, his property was confiscated, and all three of his sons were dismissed from office.

至粵匪初起，李星沅不勝任，易以賽尚阿，馭將無方，遂致寇不可製。 When the Taiping rebellion first broke out, Li Xingyuan proved inadequate; Sai Shang'a replaced him but could not control his generals, and the rebels became unmanageable.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 393Volume 393 Biographies 180: Li Xingyuan, Zhou Tianjue, Lao Chongguang · 7 passages

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尋命大學士賽尚阿率總兵達洪阿、都統巴清德赴湖南防堵，將以代之。 Soon Grand Secretary Sai Shang'a was ordered to lead major-general Da Hong'a and banner commander Ba Qingde to Hunan on defensive duty, intending to replace him.

賽尚阿至湖南，遂授欽差大臣，赴廣西督師，命星沅回湖南治防。 When Sai Shang'a reached Hunan he was appointed Imperial Commissioner and sent to Guangxi to take command; Xingyuan was ordered back to Hunan to manage defenses.

洎賽尚阿至軍，議復不合，自陳衰病，詔命來京。 When Sai Shang'a arrived at the front, their counsel again clashed; Tianjue declared his declining health, and an edict ordered him to come to the capital.

既至，連召對十一次，極言軍事，文宗為之動容，然方倚賽尚阿，亦未盡用其言。 Once in the capital, he was summoned for eleven consecutive audiences and spoke exhaustively on military affairs; the Xianfeng Emperor was moved, but as he was then relying on Sai Shang'a, he did not fully adopt Tianjue's counsel.

咸豐元年，大學士賽尚阿代星沅，而鄒鳴鶴繼為巡撫，崇光會辦如故，平西林、博白、懷集竄賊。 In 1851 Grand Secretary Sai Shang'a replaced Xingyuan, and Zou Minghe succeeded as governor; Chongguang continued his joint duties and pacified insurgents who had fled to Xilin, Bobai, and Huaiji.

時賽尚阿既黜，崇光專任廣西軍務，詔以匪雖已出粵境舊巢穴，慮渠魁踞之為回竄地步，責以搜捕黨羽。 By then Sai Shang'a had been dismissed and Chongguang had sole charge of Guangxi military affairs. An edict noted that although the rebels had left their old lair in Guangdong territory, there was concern that rebel chiefs might occupy it as a base for return raids, and he was charged with hunting down their followers.

及易以賽尚阿，而敗壞益甚，虎兕出柙，遂不可製矣。 When they were replaced by Sai Shang'a, the deterioration grew worse; once the tigers and rhinoceroses escaped their cages, they could no longer be controlled.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 394Volume 394 Biographies 181: Xu Guangjin, Ye Mingchen, Huang Zonghan · 2 passages

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賽尚阿以罪黜，授廣縉欽差大臣，署理湖廣總督。 Saišangga was disgraced and removed; Guangjin was made imperial commissioner and acting governor-general of Huguang.

廣縉在粵東剿平羅鏡匪有功，及代賽尚阿督師，軍事已壞，旁皇失措，咎無可辭焉。 Guangjin earned credit for suppressing the Luojing rebels in eastern Guangdong, but when he replaced Saišangga in command the war was already lost; his panic and indecision left him with no excuse.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 1 passage

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大學士賽尚阿視師廣西，以拯從，拯感時多難，慷慨思有所建白。 When Grand Secretary Sai Shang'a took command in Guangxi, Zheng accompanied him and, stirred by the crisis, resolved to speak out.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 468Volume 468 Biographies 255: Chong Qi Son: Bao Chu Deng, Zhi Jun, Yan Mao Younger Brother: Yan Zhi, Se Pu Zheng E, Wang Yirong, Xi Yuan, Zong Shibaofeng, Zong Shishoufu Younger Brother: Shou Fandeng, Song Chengxiang, Wang Tieshan · 1 passage

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崇綺子葆初等志鈞延茂弟延芝色普徵額王懿榮熙元宗室寶豐宗室壽富弟壽蕃等宋承庠王鐵珊崇綺，字文山，阿魯特氏，蒙古正藍旗人，大學士賽尚阿子。 The subjects of this chapter are Chong Qi (and his son Baochu and others), Zhi Jun, Yan Mao (and his younger brother Yan Zhi), Se Pu Zheng'e, Wang Yirong, Xi Yuan, the imperial clansman Bao Feng, the imperial clansman Shou Fu (and his younger brother Shou Fan and others), Song Chengxiang, and Wang Tieshan. Chong Qi, style name Wenshan, was of the Arut clan, a Mongol of the Plain Blue Banner, and the son of Grand Secretary Sai Shang'a.