Huang Chao (黃巢) | 24 Histories

Overview

Huang Chao was a rebel.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Epithet	Huang Chao rebels	黃寇

Life and dates

Death

AD 883 to AD 884 巢卒敗亡
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 86
AD 880 to AD 884 誅黃巢
Killed / executed in the campaign that secured the three capitals
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 128

Attested activity

AD 882 中和二年冬
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 13
AD 875 AD 875-884
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 65, passage 76
AD 883 around Zhonghe 3
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 93, 98
AD 875 to AD 884 Chenzhou campaigns
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 21, passage 145
AD 875 to AD 884 Huang Chao rebellion culminating Zhonghe 4
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 21, passages 24-25
AD 883 三年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 34

Show 80 more source-backed claims

AD 883 中和三年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passages 116-118
AD 882 中和二年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 98
AD 882 中和二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 5
AD 881 中和元年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 25
AD 881 中和元年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 25
AD 875 to AD 884 乾符–中和
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 116, passage 87
AD 878 乾符五年
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 184, passages 190, 196
AD 874 to AD 884 乾符初
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 52, passages 250, 252
AD 879 乾符末
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 6
AD 880 to AD 884 入關破黃巢
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 96
AD 875 to AD 884 入黃巢軍作賊
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 11
AD 874 to AD 879 唐乾符中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 16, passage 99
AD 878 唐乾符五年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 65, passage 3
AD 875 to AD 884 唐僖宗時
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 134, passage 3
AD 880 to AD 881 唐廣明中
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 24, passage 78
AD 880 唐廣明中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 21, passage 107
AD 880 to AD 884 唐廣明初至巢軍既敗
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passages 166, 168
AD 883 to AD 884 圍陳三百日
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passages 120, 127-128
AD 875 to AD 884 天下饑荒，入黃巢作賊
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 12, passage 10
AD 875 to AD 884 巢、蔡之亂
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 60, passages 108, 114
AD 880 to AD 884 巢入長安至敗
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passages 7-8
AD 883 to AD 884 巢蔡合從至巢敗走
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passages 113-114
AD 875 to AD 884 巢賊
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 131
AD 881 巢陷長安
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 45, passage 4
AD 880 to AD 884 平巢破蔡至黃巢敗
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passages 71, 73
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 137
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明中
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passages 4-5
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明之亂
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 132, passage 156
AD 875 to AD 884 廣明之亂
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 170
AD 880 廣明初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 20, passage 3
AD 880 to AD 884 廣明至中和
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 181, passage 91
AD 875 to AD 884 從黃巢
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 21, passages 135, 171
c. AD 879 從黃巢攻廣州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 13, passage 115
AD 881 to AD 883 抗黃巢百萬之眾
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 229
AD 880 to AD 883 收長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 19
AD 881 to AD 884 救陳、許，平黃巢
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 39
AD 883 to AD 884 救陳、許，逐黃寇
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 31, 166
AD 875 to AD 884 敗黃巢
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 21, passages 67-68
AD 875 是時（乾符二年之後）
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 67, passages 18-19
AD 875 to AD 884 會擊黃巢
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 68, passage 5
AD 883 to AD 884 梁兵擊黃巢陳、許間
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 3
AD 875 to AD 884 破黃巢
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 21, passage 108
AD 880 to AD 884 破黃巢
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passages 146, 160; New History of the Five Dynasties 40, passages 114, 119
AD 881 to AD 884 破黄巢
Derived from the source · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 65
AD 883 to AD 884 討巢、蔡於陳、許間
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 4
AD 880 to AD 884 誅黃巢
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 128
AD 878 to AD 884 賊巢之亂
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 185, passage 208
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 195
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 7
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢之亂
Directly stated · History of Jin 39, passage 14; Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 217; New Book of Tang 21, passage 69
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢之亂
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 44, passage 34
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢之役
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 131
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢之餘
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 145, passage 55
AD 880 黃巢亂
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 134, passage 188
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢亂後
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 45, passage 45
AD 880 黃巢入京師
Directly stated · History of Liao 41, passage 25
AD 880 to AD 884 黃巢入長安至敗亡
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 189, passages 64, 68, 71, 77, 83, 86
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢大亂
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 146, passage 5
AD 878 to AD 879 黃巢掠淮南
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 183, passage 125
AD 878 to AD 880 黃巢方熾
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 183, passage 75
AD 880 to AD 884 黃巢於長安
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 74
AD 880 黃巢渡淮
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 59, passage 5
AD 880 to AD 884 黃巢犯京師
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 40, passage 205
AD 880 to AD 881 黃巢犯洛陽
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 129
AD 880 黃巢犯洛陽
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 101
AD 880 黃巢犯長安
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 106
AD 880 黃巢犯長安
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 45
AD 880 to AD 881 黃巢犯闕
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 11
AD 880 黃巢犯闕
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 132, passage 4
AD 880 黃巢盜國
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 173, passage 299
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢賊中
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 45, passage 3
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢起…反以破巢
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 13, passages 20-21
AD 875 to AD 880 黃巢起曹濮至渡江
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passages 62-63
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢軍至巢敗
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passages 133, 150
AD 880 黃巢陷京師
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 189, passage 4
AD 880 黃巢陷洛
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 146, passage 256
AD 880 to AD 881 黃巢陷長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passages 106, 109
AD 880 黃巢陷長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 110; New Book of Tang 194, passage 260; New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 129
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢離亂之餘
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 140, passage 18
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢黨至巢寇漸衰
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passages 193, 195

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Military Governor of Tianping 天平節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 184, passage 204
Rate-Setting Colonel 率府率
Appointed
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 184, passage 197
Entered
Rebel
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 181, passage 91
Held
Rebel leader
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passage 93
compelled with a false/rebel office 迫以偽官
Imposed · With Shen (諗)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 173, passage 299

Places and affiliations

Tang 唐
Relation Rebelled against
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 140, passage 18
Tang 唐
Relation Served
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 181, passage 91
Polity Huang Chao rebellion 黃巢 · Relation Led
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 6
Polity Huang Chao’s Qi 黃巢 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 45, passage 4
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Active in
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 64
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Rebelled against
Directly stated · History of Jin 39, passage 14; Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 106; Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 110; Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passages 4, 166, 193; Old History of the Five Dynasties 21, passages 24-25; Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passages 19, 39, 98; Old History of the Five Dynasties 132, passage 4; History of Liao 41, passage 25; New Book of Tang 21, passage 69; New Book of Tang 146, passage 256; New Book of Tang 173, passage 299; New Book of Tang 183, passages 75, 125; New Book of Tang 189, passage 4; New Book of Tang 194, passage 260

Show 6 more source-backed claims

Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Rebelled against
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 59, passage 5; Old History of the Five Dynasties 145, passage 55; New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 3
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Rebelled in
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 62
At Chang'an 長安 · Relation Captured
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 260
At Huainan 淮南 · Relation Campaigned in
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 183, passage 125
At the capital 京師 · Relation Captured
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passages 4, 10
Organization Huang Chao's rebels 賊 · Relation Leader of
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 129

Works and attributed material

Historical comment · Subject · Direct quotation · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 229
Memorial · Author · Summary requested appointment as military governor of Tianping · Mode narrative-attribution Speaker Huang Chao (黃巢)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 184, passage 196
Speech · Spoken of · Quote The Crow Army is here! · Mode quotation
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 31

Events and relationships

Accepted Zhuge Shuang's surrender and made him military governor of Heyang
Political · Appointing authority · With Zhuge Shuang (諸葛爽)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passage 94
Attacked Luoyang
AD 880 黃巢犯洛陽 · Military · Attacker · With Yunzhang (允章) · At Luoyang 洛陽 · Outcome Yunzhang could not resist; rebels did not harm him
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 101
Attacked capital
Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 11
Attacked Changan
AD 880 黃巢犯長安 · Military · Attacker
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 45
Attacked
AD 880 to AD 881 黃巢犯洛陽 · Military · Attacker · At Luoyang 洛陽 · With Yunzhang (允章)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 129
Besieged Chen with Qin
AD 883 to AD 884 悉軍據溵水 · Military · Commander · With Qin Zongquan (秦宗權)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passages 71, 77

Show 68 more source-backed claims

Built Eight Immortals camp
Military · Commander
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 77
Camp routed and siege of Chen lifted
AD 884 四年四月 · Military · Defeated
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 130
Campaigned against by the Founder between Chen and Xu
Military · Enemy · With the Founder (太祖), Shi Shuzong (氏叔琮) · At between Chen and Xu 陳、許間
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 4
Captured Guangzhou
Military · Rebel commander
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 184, passage 196
Captured the capital
AD 881 中和元年 · Military · Rebel commander · At Chang'an 京师
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 25
Captured
AD 878 唐乾符五年 · Military · Commander · At Guangzhou 廣州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 65, passage 3
Captured
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明中 · Military · Conqueror · At Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 4
Crossed the Huai
AD 880 黃巢渡淮 · Military · Invader · At Huai 淮
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 59, passage 5
Crossed the Yangzi
Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 63
Defeated Huainan and broke Tong Pass
Military · Rebel commander
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 184, passages 204-205
Defeated and fled east
AD 884 巢敗東走 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 22, passage 141
Defeated at Zhongmou and Fengqiu and escaped
AD 884 四年 · Military · Fugitive · With Li Keyong (李克用)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passages 43-44
Defeated by Keyong
Military · Defeated rebel · With Li Keyong (李克用)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 65
Defeated by
Military · Rebel leader · With Tuoba Sigong (托跋思恭), Li Maozhen (李茂貞), Li Keyong (李克用)
Directly stated · History of Jin 134, passage 3
Defeated; pursued to Yuanqu
Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 73
Did not harm
Military · Victor · With Yunzhang (允章)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 157, passage 129
Driven from Changan through Lantian Pass
AD 883 三年 · Military · Defeated · With Li Keyong (李克用)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 34
Entered the capital
Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · History of Liao 41, passage 25
Entered Changan
AD 880 黃巢入長安 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 64
Entered Changan
Military · Leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 7, passage 138
Entered
AD 880 to AD 881 巢入長安 · Military · Commander · At Chang'an 長安
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 7
Fled east after defeat
AD 883 巢敗 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 68
Forces heard the Baibaili ruse, mistook the place name for a distance, and hurried past without attacking Lin'an
Military · Rebel commander · At Baibaili 八百里
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 67, passages 23-24
Fought against Liang
AD 883 to AD 884 梁兵擊黃巢陳、許間 · Military · Opponent · At between Chen and Xu 陳、許間
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 3
forces repeatedly defeated at Xingping 數敗巢軍
Military · Opponent · Fought · With Li Shen (李鋋)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 4
Had Lu Xie’s coffin hacked open and corpse exposed in Chang’an market
Postmortem desecration · With Lu Xie (盧攜)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 184, passage 207
Huang chao rebellion
Rebellion · Leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 145, passage 55
Led a host numbered at a million against Zhao Chou at Huaiyang
Military · Attacker · With Zhao Chou (趙犨) · At Huaiyang 淮陽
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 229
Led masses east, held Yin River, joined Qin Zongquan to attack Wankiu
AD 883 to AD 884 圍陳三百日 · Military · Commander · With Qin Zongquan (秦宗權) · At Wankiu 宛丘
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 120
Led great rebellion
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢大亂 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 146, passage 5
Led rebel army joined by Wen and Cun
Military · Leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 11, passage 11
Led rebellion causing musicians to scatter and metal music to be lost
Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 21, passage 69
Pinched in Chang'an, food exhausted, planned eastward flight and sent Meng Kai
AD 883 中和三年 · Military · Planner
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 116
Plundered
AD 878 唐乾符五年 · Military · Commander · At lake country and Xiang region 湖、湘間
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 65, passage 3
Pursued by
AD 883 to AD 884 救陳、許，逐黃寇 · Military · Rebel leader · With Li Cunxiao (李存孝)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 31
Raided eastern Zhejiang with several thousand followers and reached Lin'an
AD 875 是時（乾符二年之後） · Military · Rebel commander · At Lin'an 臨安
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 67, passage 19
Raised Eight Immortals camp north of Chen like palaces, stocked offices and stores; Cai supplied armor; besieged Chen 300 days, hundreds of battles
AD 883 to AD 884 圍陳三百日 · Military · Besieger · At Chen 陳州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passages 127-128
Ravaged capital region
Military · Invader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 5
Ravaged Huainan then restrained troops
AD 878 to AD 879 黃巢掠淮南 · Military · Raider · With Zheng Qi (鄭綮) · At Huainan 淮南 · Outcome Laughed but left Lu Prefecture intact
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 183, passage 125
Ravaged Luoyang
AD 875 to AD 884 巢、蔡之亂 · Military · Rebel · At Luoyang 洛都
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 60, passage 108
Rebelled
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢離亂 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 140, passage 18
Rebellion scattered court instruments
AD 875 to AD 884 黃巢之亂 · Military · Rebel · Mode quotation
Directly stated · History of Jin 39, passage 14
Recalled as cause of Tang turmoil
Rebellion · Leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 116, passage 87
Received into army
Military · Rebel leader · With Li Cunxian (李存賢)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 166
Rose in rebellion
Rebellion · Leader · With Wang Xianzhi (王仙芝) · Outcome The realm fell into chaos; public and private resources exhausted
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 52, passage 252
Rose in Cao and Pu
Military · Rebel leader · At Cao and Pu 曹、濮
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 15, passage 62
Rose in rebellion
AD 879 乾符末 · Military · Rebel leader · At Yuanqu 冤句
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passage 6
Seized Chang'an
AD 880 黃巢陷長安 · Military · Conqueror · At Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 110
Seized power and compelled Shen with a false office
Rebellion · Usurper · With Shen (諗)
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 173, passage 299
seized the capital 陷京師
Military · Commander · Seized capital
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 189, passage 4
Seized
AD 880 廣明初 · Military · Commander · At Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 20, passage 3
Sent Wang Ting to confer with Huang Kui at Huayin; Wang Ting was captured by Chengsi
AD 882 中和二年 · Military · Commander · With Wang Ting (王汀), Huang Kui (黃揆), Li Chengsi (李承嗣) · At Huayin 華陰
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 98
Sent envoy
Diplomatic · Sender · With Mi Chongwei (米重威)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 14
Stormed capital
AD 880 黃巢犯闕 · Military · Attacker
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 132, passage 4
Target of Taizu's campaign
AD 875 to AD 884 入破黃巢 · Military · Opponent · With Taizu (太祖)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 131
Took Chang'an early in Guangming
AD 880 唐廣明初 · Military · Rebel leader
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 19, passage 166
Took Chang'an; emperor fled to Shu
AD 880 to AD 881 黃巢陷長安 · Military · Conqueror · At Chang'an 長安 · With Tang emperor (天子)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passage 106
Took Luoyang
AD 880 黃巢陷洛 · Military · Conqueror · At Luoyang 洛
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 146, passage 256
Took capital
AD 880 to AD 881 唐廣明中 · Military · Attacker
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 24, passage 78
Took Changan
AD 880 黃巢陷長安 · Military · Conqueror · At Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · New Book of Tang 194, passage 260
Was attacked by Zhuge Shuang and repeatedly by Wang Qianyu
Military · Rebel commander · With Zhuge Shuang (諸葛爽), Wang Yuyu (王虔裕)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 23, passages 93, 96-97
Was defeated in the Chen Xu campaign
AD 881 to AD 884 救陳、許，平黃巢 · Military · Defeated
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 39
Was driven off as Chang'an was recovered
AD 880 to AD 883 收長安 · Military · Opponent · At Chang'an 長安
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 19
Was routed on the Bian shore and pursued to Xu and Yan
AD 884 中和四年 · Military · Defeated · With Shi Jingsi (史敬思)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 55, passage 56
Was defeated
AD 880 to AD 881 廣明之亂 · Military · Rebel leader
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 132, passage 156
Withdrew to Caizhou submitted to Qin Zongquan besieged Chenzhou
AD 884 四年 · Military · Rebel commander · With Qin Zongquan (秦宗權) · At Caizhou 蔡州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 4, passage 40
AD 878 to AD 880 黃巢方熾
Rebellion · Rebel leader
Dated from the passage context · New Book of Tang 183, passage 75
Relation Commander of · Person Liang founder (梁祖)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 5

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 153, passage 101; Old History of the Five Dynasties 14, passages 106, 229; Old History of the Five Dynasties 59, passage 5; Old History of the Five Dynasties 63, passages 6, 131; Old History of the Five Dynasties 132, passage 156; Old History of the Five Dynasties 136, passage 4; Old History of the Five Dynasties 146, passage 5; New Book of Tang 183, passage 75; New Book of Tang 189, passages 4, 64; New Book of Tang 194, passage 260; New History of the Five Dynasties 14, passages 7, 131; New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passages 3, 99, 129
Value historical
Directly stated · History of Jin 39, passage 14; Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 170
By the time of the Lin'an raid his followers already numbered several thousand.
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 67, passage 19

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History of Jin, Chapter 39Volume 39 Treatises 20: Music 1: Formal Music, Court Music, Wind Instrument Music, Our Own Court Music · 1 passage

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唐興，因隋樂不改，及黃巢之亂，樂縣散失，太常博士殷盈孫以周法鑄穀鐘、編鐘，處士蕭承訓等校石磐，合而奏之。 When the Tang rose, they retained Sui music unchanged. During Huang Chao's rebellion the court instruments were scattered and lost. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices academician Yin Yingsun recast grain bells and chime-bells by Zhou methods, while the reclusive scholar Xiao Chengxun and others retuned stone chimes, and the restored ensemble was played together once more.

History of Jin, Chapter 134Volume 134 Biographies 72: Foreign Countries 1: Xixia · 2 passages

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其先曰托跋思恭，唐僖宗時，為夏、綏、銀、宥節度使，與李茂貞、李克用等破黃巢，複京師，賜姓李氏。 His forebear Tuoba Sigong served under Emperor Xizong of Tang as military commissioner of Xia, Sui, Yin, and You. Together with Li Maozhen, Li Keyong, and others he routed Huang Chao, restored the capital, and received the imperial surname Li.

托跋思恭以破黃巢功賜姓李氏，兄弟相繼為節度使，居夏州，在河南。 Tuoba Sigong received the surname Li for defeating Huang Chao; brothers succeeded one another as military commissioners, dwelling at Xia Prefecture south of the Yellow River.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 157Volume 153 Biographies 103: Yao Nanzhong, Liu Nai, Yuan Gao, Duan Pingzhong, Xue Cuncheng, Lu Tan · 1 passage

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黃巢犯洛陽，允章不能拒，賊不之害，坐是廢於家。 When Huang Chao attacked Luoyang, Yunzhang could not resist. The rebels did not harm him, but he was dismissed and lived at home in disgrace.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 185Volume 181 Biographies 131: Shi Xiancheng, Zi Xiaozhang, He Jintao, Han Yunzhong, Li Yanzhen, Luo Hongxin · 1 passage

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賊巢之亂，諸葛爽受其偽命河陽節度使。 During Huang Chao's rebellion, Zhuge Shuang accepted a bogus appointment from him as military governor of Heyang.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 7Volume 7 Book of Later Liang 7: Taizu Annals 7 · 2 passages

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《五代史補》：太祖硃全忠，黃巢之先鋒。《Supplement to the History of the Five Dynasties》: Taizu Zhu Quanzhong was Huang Chao's vanguard.

黃巢滅，淮、蔡間秦宗權復盛，朝廷以淮、蔡與汴州相接，太祖汴人，必究其能否，遂移授宣武軍節度使以討宗權，未凡滅之。 After Huang Chao fell, Qin Zongquan rose again between Huai and Cai; because those regions marched with Bian and Taizu was a native of Bian, the court had to try him and transferred him as Xuanwu commissioner to destroy Zongquan—which he soon did.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Book of Later Liang 11: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 1 passage

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他日與仲兄存入黃巢軍作賊，伯兄昱與母王氏尚依劉家。 Later Wen and his second brother Cun went off with Huang Chao’s rebels; the eldest, Yu, and Mother Wang remained with the Lius.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Book of Later Liang 12: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 1 passage

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因為博戲，全昱酒酣，忽起取骰子擊盆迸散，大呼梁祖曰：「朱三，汝碭山一民，因天下饑荒，入黃巢作賊，天子用汝為四鎮節度使，富貴足矣，何故滅他李家三百年社稷，稱王稱朕，吾不忍見血吾族矣，安用博為！」 At dice play Quan Yu, drunk, leaped up, smashed the bowl with his dice, and shouted at the Liang founder: "Zhu Third! You were a peasant from Dangshan who joined Huang Chao's rebels in famine; the throne made you lord of four circuits—that should have been enough. Why wipe out the Li dynasty's three-century altars and call yourself king and Son of Heaven? I will not watch our family slaughtered—why gamble at all!"

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 14Volume 14 Book of Later Liang 14: Biographies 4: Luo Shaowei, Zhao Chou, Wang Ke · 10 passages

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及黃巢陷長安，天子幸蜀，中原無主，人心騷動。 When Chao took Chang'an and the emperor fled to Shu, the heartland panicked.

既視事，乃謂將吏曰：「賊巢之虐，遍於四方，苟不為長安市人所誅，則必驅殘黨以東下。 Taking office he warned, "If Chao is not killed in Chang'an he will drive east.

黃巢在長安，果為王師四面扼束，食盡人饑，謀東奔之計，先遣驍將孟楷擁徒萬人，直入項縣，犨引兵擊之。 Starving in Chang'an, Chao sent Meng Kai east with ten thousand men; Chou attacked.

巢黨知孟楷為陳所擒，大驚憤，乃悉眾東來，先據溵水，後與蔡州秦宗權合勢以攻宛丘，陳人懼焉。 Learning Meng Kai was taken, Chao marched east with Zongquan to besiege Chen; the city feared.

巢於郡北三四里起八仙營，如宮闕之狀，又修百司廨署，儲蓄山峙，蔡人濟以甲胄，軍無所闕焉。 Chao built a palace camp north of the city and stocked it like a capital with Cai armor.

四年四月，太祖引大軍與諸軍會於陳之西北，陳人望旗鼓出軍縱火，急攻巢寨，賊眾大潰，重圍遂解。 Month 4, year 4, the Founder relieved Chen; the garrison sallied with fire and broke Chao's camp.

於時巢黨雖敗，宗權益熾，六七年間，屠膾中原，陷二十餘郡，惟陳去蔡百餘里，兵少力微，日與爭鋒，終不能屈。 Though Chao had fallen, Zongquan ravaged the heartland for years; Chen, a hundred li from Cai and weak, fought daily and would not yield.

龍紀元年三月，又以平巢、蔡功，就加平章事，充忠武軍節度使，仍以陳州為理所。 Longji 1, month 3, for pacifying Chao and Cai he became chief minister and Zhongwu commissioner with Chen as capital.

父重榮，河東節度使，破黃巢有大功，封琅邪郡王。 His father Chongrong, Hedong commissioner, broke Huang Chao and became Prince of Langye.

趙犨以淮陽咫尺之地，抗黃巢百萬之眾，功成事立，有足多者。 Zhao Chou, with only the tiny territory of Huaiyang, resisted Huang Chao's million-strong host; his merit and accomplishment deserve much praise.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 15Volume 15 Book of Later Liang 15: Biographies 5: Han Jian, Li Hanzhi, Feng Xingxi, Sun Dezhao, Zhao Keyu, Zhang Shensi · 4 passages

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會黃巢起曹、濮，罕之因合徒作剽，漸至魁首。 When Huang Chao rose he raided and became a bandit chief.

及賊巢渡江，罕之因以兵將背賊歸於唐，高駢錄其功，表為光州刺史。 When Chao crossed the Yangzi he defected to Tang; Gao Pian made him Guang commissioner.

自黃巢軍來歸，累授軍職，曆諸軍都指揮使。 Defecting from Huang Chao, he rose through commands to overall army commander.

從平巢、蔡、兗、鄆，皆著功，表授檢校工部尚書，兼宋州長史。 He distinguished himself pacifying Chao, Cai, Yan, and Yun and became honorary Minister of Works and Song chief secretary.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 16Volume 16 Book of Later Liang 16: Biographies 6: Ge Congzhou, Xie Yanzhang, He Zhen, Zhang Guiba, Zhang Guihou, Zhang Guibian · 10 passages

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從周少豁達，有智略，初入黃巢軍，漸至軍校。 Open and shrewd in youth, he joined Huang Chao and rose to guard officer.

唐中和四年三月，太祖大破巢軍於王滿渡，從周與霍存、張歸霸昆弟相率來降。 Tang Zhonghe 4, month 3, after the Founder crushed Chao at Wangman Ford, Congzhou surrendered with Huo Cun and the Zhang brothers.

及在巢寇中，寇推為名將，隨巢涉淮、浙，陷許、洛，入長安。 In Huang Chao's ranks he became a famed general and entered Chang'an with the rebels.

〈（《通鑒》云：溫見巢兵勢日蹙，知其將亡，親將胡真、謝瞳勸溫歸國。）〉 (The 《Zizhi Tongjian》 says: Wen, seeing Chao's power daily wane and knowing he would fall, was urged by his trusted generals Hu Zhen and Xie Tong to return to the Tang state.)〉

從至梁苑，表授檢校刑部尚書，頻從破巢、蔡於陳、鄭間。 At Liang Garden he became honorary Minister of Punishments and fought Chao and Cai.

唐乾符中，寇盜蜂起，歸霸率昆弟三人棄家投黃巢，頗以勇略聞。 In Qianfu he and three brothers joined Huang Chao for their fighting fame.

巢陷長安，遂署為左番功臣。 When Chao took Chang'an he became Left Merit Baron.

中和中，巢領徒走宛丘。 In Zhonghe Chao fled to Wankiu.

時太祖在汴，奉詔南討，巢黨日窘，歸霸昆仲與葛從周、李讜等相率來降，尋補宣武軍劇職。 At Bian Guiba and his brothers surrendered with Congzhou and Li Rang and joined the Xuanyi army.

中和末，與兄歸霸自巢軍相率來降，太祖署為軍校。 Late Zhonghe he surrendered from Chao with Guiba as army officer.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 18Volume 18 Book of Later Liang 18: Biographies 8: Zhang Wenyu, Xue Yiju, Zhang Ce, Du Xiao, Jing Xiang, Li Zhen · 3 passages

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及黃巢陷長安，乃東出關。 When Huang Chao seized Chang'an he fled east through the pass.

廣明之亂，劉為巢將尚讓所得，巢敗，讓攜劉降於時溥，及讓誅，時溥納劉於妓室。 In the Guangming disorders she was seized by Huang Chao's general Shang Rang; after Chao's fall Rang surrendered her to Shi Pu, and when Rang was killed Pu kept her among his entertainers.

及翔漸貴，劉猶出入太祖臥內，翔情禮稍薄，劉於曲室讓翔曰：「卿鄙餘曾失身於賊耶，以成敗言之，尚讓巢之宰輔，時溥國之忠臣，論卿門第，辱我何甚，請從此辭！」 As Xiang rose, Liu still visited the Founder's bedchamber; Xiang's affection cooled. In private she reproached him: "Do you scorn me for having served rebels? Shang Rang was Huang Chao's chancellor and Shi Pu a loyal minister of the state—and by your own birth, how deeply you insult me! I will leave you!"

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 19Volume 19 Book of Later Liang 19: Biographies 9: Shi Shucong, Zhu Yougong, Wang Zhongshi, Zhu Zhen, Li Si'an, Deng Jiyun, Huang Wenjing, Hu Gui, Li Dang, Li Zhongyin, Fan Jushi · 14 passages

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太祖討巢、蔡於陳、許間，叔琮奮擊，首出諸校，太祖壯之，自行伍間擢為後院馬軍都將。 Fighting Huang Chao and Qin Zongquan between Chen and Xu, Shucong led the charge; the Founder pulled him from the ranks to command the rear-guard cavalry.

於是簡練軍伍，裁制綱紀，平巢破蔡，多珍之力也。 He drilled the ranks and enforced discipline; much of the victory over Chao and Cai was Zhen's doing.

及黃巢敗，珍與並帥李克用追至冤句而還。 After Huang Chao's defeat Zhen pursued with Li Keyong of Bing as far as Yuanqu, then turned back.

時巢、蔡合從，太祖每遣偵邏，必率先獨往。 While Huang Chao and the Cai rebels were allied, Si'an always went ahead alone whenever the Founder sent scouts.

巢敗走，思安領所部百餘人追賊，殺戮掩奪，眾莫敢當。 When Chao fled in defeat, Si'an led a hundred-odd men in pursuit, killing and looting until none dared face him.

少入黃巢軍，隸於太祖麾下。 As a youth he joined Huang Chao and later entered the Founder's service.

少附於黃巢黨中，巢敗，歸於太祖，累署牙職，繼遷諸軍指揮使。 He had followed Huang Chao; after Chao's fall he joined the Founder, served in the guard corps, and rose to army commander.

從太祖南平巢、蔡，北定兗、鄆，皆有功。 He fought south against Chao and Cai and north in Yan and Yun, winning merit in each.

唐廣明初，黃巢陷長安，讜遂得仕於其間。 Early in Guangming of Tang, when Huang Chao took Chang'an, Dang entered his service.

巢以讜為內樞密使，蓋讜曾委質於宦者，出入於宮禁間，巢以此用焉。 Chao made him inner privy commissioner, for Dang had once served eunuchs and knew the palace—Chao used him for that.

其後巢軍既敗，讜乃束身歸於太祖，署為左德勝騎軍都將。 After Chao's defeat Dang surrendered to the Founder and was made commander of the Left Victorious Virtue cavalry.

狀貌雄武，初在黃巢黨中，推為剛鷙。 Bold and martial in bearing, he was first acclaimed among Huang Chao's followers as fierce and harsh.

及巢寇漸衰，乃率眾來降。 As Chao's cause waned, he led his men to surrender.

事太祖，初為隊將，從討巢、蔡有功。 Serving the Founder, he began as a squad commander and won merit in the campaigns against Chao and Cai.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 4 passages

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廣明初，黃巢陷長安，遂投跡於太祖，洎居門下，未嘗一日不在左右。 When Huang Chao seized Chang'an in the first year of Guangming, Tong entered the Founder's service and from that day was never far from his side.

其年秋，太祖與河中交戰，再不利，連上章請兵於巢，偽右軍都尉孟楷抑而不進。 That autumn, twice beaten fighting Hezhong, the Founder pleaded again and again to Chao for reinforcements, but the rebel Right Army commissioner Meng Kai blocked every dispatch.

時州境荒饉，大寇繼至，黃巢數十萬眾寨於州南，敬蕘極力抗禦，逾旬而退。 Famine stalked the circuit while great armies came one after another; hundreds of thousands of Huang Chao's men camped south of the city, and Jinrao fought them off until they withdrew after more than ten days.

從討巢、蔡，凡曆百戰，多於危蹙之間，顯有奇略，由是頻立殊效。 In the wars on Chao and Cai he fought a hundred engagements and, again and again in tight corners, showed brilliant tactics that won him repeated distinction.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 21Volume 21 Book of Later Liang 21: Biographies 11: Pang Shigu, Huo Cun, Fu Daozhao, Xu Huaiyu, Guo Yan, Li Tangbin, Wang Qianyu, Liu Kangyi, Wang Yanzhang, He Delun · 9 passages

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性驍勇，善騎射，在黃巢中已為將領。 Fierce and expert with bow on horseback, he had already held command under Huang Chao.

唐中和四年，太祖大破巢軍於王滿渡，時存與葛從周、張歸霸皆自巢軍來降，太祖宥而納之。 In Zhonghe 4 the Founder shattered Chao's host at Wangman Ford; Cun came over with Ge Congzhou and Zhang Guiba, and the Founder spared them and took them in.

唐廣明中，黃巢擁眾西犯秦、雍，言為巢黨所執。 In Guangming of Tang, when Huang Chao marched west into Qin and Yong, Yan was seized by Chao's partisans.

中和四年二月，尚讓之寇繁台也，唐賓與李讜、霍存並為巢將，與太祖之軍戰於尉氏門外。 In the second month of Zhonghe 4, when Shang Rang raided Fantai, Tangbin served Chao with Li Dang and Huo Cun and fought the Founder outside the Weishi Gate.

時黃巢壁於陳郊，乃命唐賓摩其西焚焉。 With Huang Chao entrenched east of Chen, he sent Tangbin to burn the western camps.

及太祖擊巢、蔡於陳州，虔裕連拔數寨，擒獲萬計。 At Chenzhou he stormed several Chao and Cai camps and took tens of thousands prisoner.

巢孽既遁，虔裕躡其跡，追至萬勝戍，賊眾饑乏，短兵才接而潰。 He pursued the fleeing rebels to Wansheng post; starving and ill-armed, they broke at the first clash.

以農桑為業，唐乾符中，關東群盜並起，江、淮間偏罹其苦，因為巢黨所掠。 A farmer by trade, he was swept up when bandits overran the east and the Huai country in Qianfu of Tang.

其後累典親軍，襲巢破蔡，斬獲尤多，累以戰功遷元從都將。 He later led the personal guard, won heavy spoils against Chao and at Cai, and rose to commander of the original followers.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 1 passage

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唐廣明中，黃巢犯京師，天子幸蜀，士皆竄伏窟穴，以保其生。 In Guangming Huang Chao took the capital; the emperor fled to Shu; scholars hid wherever they could to survive.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Book of Later Tang 26: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 6 passages

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黃巢犯闕，僖宗幸蜀，克讓時守潼關，為賊所敗，以部下六七騎伏於南山佛寺，夜為山僧所害。 When Huang Chao stormed the capital and Emperor Xizong fled to Shu, Ke Rang was holding Tong Pass. Routed by the rebels, he took refuge with only six or seven riders in a temple on South Mountain, where mountain monks killed him that night.

克讓既死，紀綱渾進通冒刃獲免，歸於黃巢。 After Ke Rang's death, his officer Hun Jintong fought through the blades and survived, then went over to Huang Chao's side.

黃巢遣使米重威齎賂修好，因送渾進通至，兼擒送害克讓僧十人。 Huang Chao sent Mi Chongwei with gifts to sue for peace, returned Hun Jintong with the embassy, and also delivered up the ten monks who had murdered Ke Rang.

武皇燔偽詔，還其使，盡誅諸僧，為克讓發哀行服，悲慟久之。 Li Keyong burned Huang Chao's forged edict, sent the envoy away, had all the monks executed, and for Ke Rang observed mourning and wore funeral dress, grieving for a long while.

克修少便弓馬，從父征討，所至立功，武皇節制雁門，以克修為奉誠軍使，從入關為前鋒，破黃揆於華陰，敗尚讓於梁田坡，蹙黃巢於光順門，每戰皆捷，勇懾諸軍。 Ke Xiu was skilled with bow and horse from youth. On his father's campaigns he distinguished himself wherever he fought. When Li Keyong took command of Yanmen, he appointed Ke Xiu commissioner of the Fengcheng Army. Marching into the passes as vanguard, Ke Xiu defeated Huang Kui at Huayin, routed Shang Rang at Liangtian Slope, and drove Huang Chao back at Guangshun Gate. He won every engagement, and his boldness overawed the other armies.

後從達靼入關，逐黃寇。 Later he marched through the passes with the Tatar allies and drove off Huang Chao's forces.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 53Volume 53 Book of Later Tang 29: Biographies 5: Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhang, Li Cunxian · 2 passages

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從武皇救陳、許，逐黃寇，及遇難上源，每戰無不克捷。 he followed the Martial Emperor to relieve Chen and Xu, pursued the Huang Chao rebels, and at the Shangyuan debacle won victory in every engagement.

賢少遇亂，入黃巢軍； As a youth Xian was caught up in the turmoil and joined Huang Chao's army;

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 55Volume 55 Book of Later Tang 31: Biographies 7: Kang Junli, Xue Zhiqin, Shi Jiantang, Li Chengsi, Shi Yan, Gai Yu, Yi Guang, Li Chengxun, Shi Jingrong · 5 passages

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君立從擊可舉之師屢捷，及獻祖入達靼，君立保感義軍，武皇授雁門節度，以君立為左都押牙，從入關，逐黃孽，收長安。 Junli followed the campaigns against Keju's army and won victory after victory. When the Ancestor of Offerings fled into the Tatar lands, Junli held the Ganyi army. The Martial Emperor received the Yanmen command, made Junli his left chief guard officer, marched with him through the passes, drove off Huang Chao, and recovered Chang'an.

從武皇救陳、許，平黃巢。 He followed the Martial Emperor in relieving Chen and Xu and defeating Huang Chao.

中和四年，從援陳、許，為前鋒，敗黃巢於汴上，追賊至徐、兗，常將騎挺身酣戰，勇冠諸軍。 In the fourth year of Zhonghe he marched as vanguard to relieve Chen and Xu, routed Huang Chao on the Bian shore, and pursued the rebels to Xu and Yan. He often led cavalry into the thickest fighting, and his courage outshone every army in the field.

王師之攻華陰，黃巢令偽客省使王汀會軍機於黃揆，承嗣擒之以獻。 When the imperial army attacked Huayin, Huang Chao sent the false director of the guest bureau Wang Ting to confer on strategy with Huang Kui. Chengsi captured him and presented him.

自武皇入定三輔，誅黃巢，每出師皆從。 From the time the Martial Emperor secured the three capitals and killed Huang Chao, he followed on every campaign.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 59Volume 59 Book of Later Tang 35: Biographies 11: Ding Hui, Yan Bao, Fu Xi, Wu Zhen, Wang Zan, Yuan Xiangxian, Zhang Wen, Li Shaowen · 1 passage

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黃巢渡淮，會從梁祖為部曲，梁祖鎮門，會曆都押衙。 When Huang Chao crossed the Huai, Ding Hui entered the Liang Founder's personal command. After the Founder secured the capital, Hui rose to chief of the capital guard office.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 60Volume 60 Book of Later Tang 36: Biographies 12: Li Xiji, Wang Jian, Li Jingyi, Lu Rubi, Li Dexiu, Su Xun · 3 passages

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洎巢、蔡之亂，洛都灰燼，全義披榛而創都邑，李氏花木，多為都下移掘，樵人鬻賣，園亭掃地矣。 When the rebellions of Huang Chao and Cai engulfed Luoyang, the capital lay in ashes; Quanyi hacked through the ruins to rebuild the city. The Li family's plants were dug up and carted away, sold by woodcutters until the gardens stood bare.

監軍忿然厲聲曰：「黃巢敗後，誰家園池完復，豈獨平泉有石哉！」 The eunuch snapped back in anger, "After Huang Chao's defeat, whose gardens survived intact? Does Pingquan alone have stones!"

全義始受黃巢偽命，以為詬己，大怒曰：「吾今為唐臣，非巢賊也。」 Quanyi had once accepted a post under Huang Chao and took the remark as a personal insult; he roared, "I am a minister of Tang now, not Huang Chao's creature."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 2 passages

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時黃巢犯關輔，州郡易帥，有同博奕。 Huang Chao was then ravaging the capital region, and commanders changed across the provinces as unpredictably as at dice.

中和元年，昭義節度使高鄩擊黃巢，戰石橋，不勝，保華州，為裨將成鄰所殺。 In 881 the Zhaoyi governor Gao Yun attacked Huang Chao, was defeated at Shiqiao, withdrew to Huazhou, and was killed by his subordinate Cheng Lin.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 63Volume 63 Book of Later Tang 39: Biographies 15: Zhang Quanyi, Zhu Youqian · 4 passages

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乾符末，黃巢起冤句，全義亡命入巢軍。 When Huang Chao rebelled at Yuanqu in the final years of Qianfu, Quanyi fled and joined his forces.

巢入長安，以全義為吏部尚書，充水運使。 After Chao took Chang'an, he made Quanyi Minister of the Civil Office and Superintendent of Water Transport.

巢敗，依諸葛爽於河陽，累遷至裨校，屢有戰功，爽表為澤州刺史。 When Chao fell, Quanyi attached himself to Zhuge Shuang at Heyang, rose through the ranks to junior officer with repeated distinctions in battle, and Shuang recommended him as prefect of Zezhou.

況全義本出巢賊，敗依河陽節度使諸葛爽，爽用為澤州刺史，及爽死，全義事爽子仲方，即與李罕之同逐仲方，罕之帥河陽，全義為河南尹，未幾，又逐罕之，自據河陽，其翻覆也如此。 Moreover Quanyi had begun among Huang Chao's rebels, then attached himself to Zhuge Shuang of Heyang, who made him prefect of Zezhou; after Shuang's death he served Shuang's son Zhongfang, then with Li Hanzhi expelled Zhongfang; when Hanzhi held Heyang, Quanyi became Intendant of Henan, and soon expelled Hanzhi to seize Heyang himself—so fickle was his course.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 65Volume 65 Book of Later Tang 41: Biographies 17: Li Jianji, Shi Junli, Gao Xinggui, Zhang Tingyu, Wang Sitong, Suo Zitong · 1 passage

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幼事武皇於雲中，從平黃巢，討王行瑜，自行間漸升為小將。 As a youth he served the Martial Emperor at Yunzhong, followed him against Huang Chao and Wang Xingyu, and slowly rose from the ranks to junior command.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 116Volume 116 Book of Later Zhou 18: Shizong Annals 3 · 1 passage

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頃自有唐失禦，天步方艱，巢、蔡喪亂之餘，朱、李戰爭之後，中夏多故，六紀於茲，海縣瓜分，英豪鼎峙，自為聲教，各擅烝黎，連衡而交結四夷，乘釁而憑陵上國。 Since Tang lost the Mandate the realm has known sixty years of turmoil—from the catastrophes of Huang Chao and Qin Zongquan through the wars of Zhu Wen and Li Keyong. The empire was carved among rival warlords, each ruling his own domain, allying with barbarian powers and pressing the central state whenever weakness appeared.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 132Volume 132: Biographies of Descendents 1: Li Maozhen, Gao Wanxing, Han Xun, Li Renfu · 2 passages

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黃巢犯闕，博野軍留於鳳翔，時鄭畋理兵於岐下，畋遣文通以本軍敗尚讓之眾於龍尾坡，以功為神策軍指揮使。 When Huang Chao stormed the capital, the Boye Army stayed at Fengxiang; Zheng Tian was then marshaling forces in the Qi region and sent Wentong with his own troops to rout Shang Rang at Longwei Slope, for which he was appointed commander of the Shence Army.

唐乾符中，有拓拔思恭為夏州節度使，廣明之亂，唐僖宗在蜀，詔以思恭為京城西北收復都統，預破黃巢有功，僖宗賜姓，故仁福亦以李為氏。 During Tang Qianfu, Toba Sigong was military commissioner of Xiazhou; during the Guangming disorders, when Xizong was in Shu, Sigong was made overall commander for recovering the northwest around the capital, helped defeat Huang Chao, and was granted the surname Li; Renfu therefore also bore the surname Li.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 136Volume 136: Biographies of Usurpers 3: Wang Jian, Meng Zhixiang · 2 passages

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廣明中，黃巢陷長安，僖宗幸蜀。 During the Guangming reign, Huang Chao captured Chang'an and Emperor Xizong fled to Shu.

時梁祖為巢將，領眾攻襄、鄧，宗權遣小校鹿晏宏從監軍楊復光率師攻之，建亦預行。 The future Liang founder was then one of Huang Chao's generals, leading forces against Xiangyang and Dengzhou. Qin Zongquan sent the junior officer Lu Yanhong with the supervising commander Yang Fuguang to oppose him, and Wang Jian marched with them.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 140Volume 140: Treatises 2 Calendars · 1 passage

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洎梁氏之應運也，乘唐室陵遲之後，黃巢離亂之餘，眾職未修，三辰孰驗。 When the Liang came to power, in the wake of Tang's decline and Huang Chao's rebellion, government functions lay in disarray and no one could reliably track the heavens.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 145Volume 145: Treatises 7 Music 2 · 1 passage

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逮乎黃巢之餘，工器都盡，購募不獲，文記亦亡，集官詳酌，終不知其制度。 After Huang Chao's rebellion, craftsmen and instruments were utterly lost; neither purchase nor recruitment could recover them, and the written records perished as well. Officials deliberated at length but could not recover the system.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 146Volume 146: Treatises 8 Finance and Economics · 1 passage

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梁祖之開國也，屬黃巢大亂之後。 When the Liang founding emperor established his dynasty, the realm was still reeling from Huang Chao's great rebellion.

History of Liao, Chapter 41Volume 41 Treatises 11: Geography 5 · 1 passage

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黃巢入京師，詔發代北軍，尋赦國昌，使討賊。 When Huang Chao took the capital, court ordered the Dai-north armies mobilized and soon pardoned Guochang to campaign against the rebels.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 21Volume 21 Treatises 11: Rites and Music 11 · 1 passage

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其後黃巢之亂，樂工逃散，金奏皆亡。 After Huang Chao's revolt musicians scattered; all metal music was lost.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 52Volume 52 Treatises 48: Finance and Economics 2 · 1 passage

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王仙芝、黃巢等起，天下遂亂，公私困竭。 Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao rose; the empire collapsed and treasuries emptied.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 146Volume 146 Biographies 71: Two Li's · 1 passage

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黃巢陷洛，磎挾尚書八印走河陽，時留守劉允章為賊脅，遣人就磎索印，拒不與。 When Huang Chao took Luoyang, Xi carried off eight seals of the Secretariat and fled to Heyang; the acting commander Liu Yunzhang had been coerced by the rebels and sent someone to demand the seals; Xi refused.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 173Volume 173 Biographies 98: Pei Du · 1 passage

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黃巢盜國，迫以偽官，不從，遇害。 When Huang Chao seized power, Shen was offered a rebel post. He refused and was killed.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 183Volume 183 Biographies 108: Bi, Cui, Liu, Lu, Zheng, Zhu, Han · 2 passages

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黃巢方熾，詔高駢代之，徙節度鳳翔，固辭，還左僕射。 Huang Chao's rebellion was at its height, and an edict appointed Gao Pian to replace him. Ye was transferred to military commissioner of Fengxiang, but he firmly declined the post and returned to his former office as Left Vice Director.

黃巢掠淮南，綮移檄請無犯州境，巢笑，為斂兵，州獨完。 When Huang Chao ravaged Huainan, Qi sent out a proclamation asking that his prefecture be left untouched. Chao laughed, but he restrained his troops, and Lu Prefecture alone remained intact.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 184Volume 184 Biographies 109: Ma, Yang, Lu, Lu · 4 passages

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是時，黃巢已破廣州，勢張甚，表求天平節度使，詔宰相百官議。 Huang Chao had already taken Guangzhou and his power was vast; he requested military governor of Pingyi, and an edict ordered chief ministers and officials to discuss it.

攜素厚高駢，屬令立功，乃固不可巢請，又欲激巢使戰而敗鐸，因授率府率。 Xie was close to Gao Pian and wished him merit; he firmly opposed Chao's request, also hoping to provoke Chao to fight and defeat Duo, and appointed him Rate-Setting Colonel.

及巢破淮南，璘戰死，忠武兵亂，天下危懼，人皆咎攜，始下詔以巢為天平節度使。 When Chao broke Huainan, Lin died in battle, and the Zhongwu army mutinied; the empire was terrified and all blamed Xie; only then was an edict issued making Chao military governor of Pingyi.

巢入京師，斫棺磔屍於長安市。 When Chao entered the capital he hacked open the coffin and exposed the corpse in Chang'an marketplace.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 189Volume 189 Biographies 114: Gao, Zhao, Tian, Zhu · 11 passages

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黃巢陷京師，天子出居成都，敬瑄遣黃頭軍部將李鋋鞏鹹以兵萬五千戍興平，數敗巢軍。 After Huang Chao seized the capital, the emperor withdrew to Chengdu. Chen Jingxuan sent Li Shen and Gong Xian of the Yellow Head Army with fifteen thousand men to hold Xingping, and they repeatedly routed Huang Chao’s forces.

巢入京師，人多避難寶雞，閑子掠之，吏不能制。 After Huang Chao took the capital, many fled to Baoji for safety, but the Xianzi robbed them there, and the authorities could not stop it.

黃巢入長安，所在盜興，陳人詣節度府，請犨為刺史，表於朝，授之。 When Huang Chao entered Chang’an, brigands sprang up everywhere. The people of Chen went to the circuit seat and asked that Chou be made prefect; the court was petitioned, and the appointment was granted.

既視事，會官屬計曰：「巢若不死長安，必東出關，陳其沖也。」 As soon as he took office he called his staff together and said, “If Huang Chao does not die in Chang’an, he will surely march east through the passes—and Chen stands in his path.”

巢敗，果東奔。 When Huang Chao was defeated he did indeed flee eastward.

巢聞楷死，驚且怒，悉軍據溵水，與秦宗權合兵數十萬，繚長壕五周，百道攻之。 Huang Chao, hearing that Kai was dead, was shocked and furious. He massed his entire army on the Yin River, joined Qin Zongquan for a force of hundreds of thousands, dug five rings of trenches around the city, and assaulted it from every side.

巢益怒，將必屠之，乃起八仙營於州左，僭象宮闕，列百官曹署，儲糧為持久計。 Huang Chao, growing still angrier, resolved to slaughter the city to the last man. He built an “Eight Immortals” camp east of the walls, mock palaces and halls, offices for a full bureaucracy, and stockpiled grain for a long siege.

巢雖敗，宗權始熾，略地數千里，屠二十餘州，唯陳賴犨獨完，以功檢校司徒，加泰寧、浙西兩節度，皆在陳並領之。 Though Huang Chao was beaten, Qin Zongquan now rose to power, seizing territory for thousands of li and massacring people in more than twenty prefectures. Chen alone, thanks to Chou, stood intact. For this he was made Acting Grand Mentor and given the Taining and Zhexi circuits as well—all governed from Chen in his own hands.

犨悉忠力以孤城抗賊，巢卒敗亡。 Chou poured all his loyalty and strength into holding a single city against the rebels, and Huang Chao was ultimately destroyed.

巢之圍，昶夜掫師，疲而寢，如有神相之者。 During Huang Chao’s siege he led the night patrol. Though exhausted, he would fall asleep on watch as if some spirit watched over him.

巢之難，激勵麾下，約皆死。 During Huang Chao’s siege he roused his men and bound them by oath to fight to the death.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 194Volume 194 Biographies 119: Outstanding Conduct · 1 passage

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黃巢陷長安，將奔，不得前。 When Huang Chao took Chang'an, Tu wished to flee but could not get through.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 4Volume 4 Later Tang Annals 1: Zhuangzong 1 · 10 passages

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黄巢已陷京师，中和元年，代北起军使陈景思发沙陀先所降者，与吐浑、安庆等万人赴京师，行至绛州，沙陀军乱，大掠而还。 Huang Chao already held Chang’an. In Zhonghe 1 (881) Chen Jingsi, commissioner of the northern-Dai army, called up the surrendered Shatuo along with Tuyuhun and Anqing forces—ten thousand men—to relieve the capital. At Jiangzhou the Shatuo mutinied, looted the countryside, and marched home.

巢党惊曰：「鸦儿军至矣！」 Chao’s followers panicked: “The Crow Army is here!”

二月，败巢将黄邺于石堤谷； In the second month he routed Huang Ye, a general of Chao’s, at Shidi Valley;

是时，诸镇兵皆会长安，大战渭桥，贼败走入城，克用乘胜追之，自光泰门先入，战望春宫升阳殿，巢败，南走出蓝田关。 By then the provincial armies had massed at Chang’an. At Wei Bridge they met the rebels in a great battle, drove them into the city, and Keyong chased hard—entering first through Guangtai Gate, fighting through Wangchun Palace and Shengyang Hall. Chao broke and ran south by Lantian Pass.

黄巢南走至蔡州，降秦宗权，遂攻陈州。 Huang Chao withdrew to Caizhou, submitted to Qin Zongquan, and turned to besiege Chenzhou.

巢且走且战，至中牟，临河未渡，而克用追及之，贼众惊溃。 Chao fought as he fled. At Zhongmou he reached the river before he could cross; Keyong overtook him and the rebel ranks collapsed in terror.

比至封丘，又败之，巢脱身走，克用追之，一日夜驰二百里，至于冤朐，不及而还。 Keyong struck him again at Fengqiu. Chao escaped on foot while Keyong chased two hundred li in a single day and night to Yuanqu, then gave up and returned.

僖宗和解之，用破巢功，封克用陇西郡王。 Xizong imposed a truce. For crushing Huang Chao, Keyong was made Prince of Longxi.

僖宗念独克用可以破玫而不能使也，当破黄巢长安时，天下兵马都监杨复恭与克用善，乃遣谏议大夫刘崇望以诏书召克用，且道复恭意，使进兵讨玫等。 Xizong knew only Keyong could crush Mei—and also knew he would not move without persuasion. During the campaign against Huang Chao, Chief Overseer Yang Fugong had befriended him. The court now sent Liu Chongwang with an edict recalling Keyong, repeating Fugong’s appeal, and commanding him to march against Mei.

昭宗以克用破黄巢功高，不可伐，下其事台、省四品官议，议者多言不可。 Zhaozong, mindful of Keyong’s service against Huang Chao, was reluctant to move against him. He put the question to senior Secretariat and Chancellery officials; most advised against war.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 13Volume 13: The Later Liang Imperial Family · 4 passages

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黃巢起，太祖與存俱亡為盜，從黃巢攻廣州，存戰死。 When Huang Chao rebelled, Taizu and Cun both took to the hills; marching on Guangzhou under Chao, Cun was killed in battle.

居數歲，太祖背巢降唐，反以破巢，遂鎮宣武。 Within a few years Taizu deserted Chao for Tang, then turned and shattered Chao’s forces, and took the Xuanwu command.

太祖莫知其故，后曰：「朱二與汝俱從黃巢，獨死蠻嶺，其孤皆在午溝，汝今富貴，獨不念之乎？」 Taizu did not understand; the empress said: “Your brother Zhu the Second followed Huang Chao with you and died alone in the south; his children still live at Wugou—are you too grand now to remember them?”

朗王存，初與太祖俱從黃巢攻廣州，存戰死。 Cun, Prince of Lang, had marched with Taizu under Huang Chao against Guangzhou and was killed in the fighting.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 14Volume 14: Taizu of Later Tang's Family · 4 passages

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太祖東追黃巢，還軍過梁，館於封禪寺。 Pursuing Huang Chao east, Taizu marched back through Liang and quartered at Fengchan Temple.

黃巢犯長安，克讓守潼關，為賊所敗，奔於南山，匿佛寺，為寺僧所殺。 When Huang Chao took Chang’an, Kerang held Tong Pass, was beaten, hid in a monastery in the southern hills, and monks killed him.

從入關，討黃巢，為先鋒，遷左營軍使。 He entered the passes against Huang Chao as vanguard and became commissioner of the Left Camp.

太祖與赫連鐸、李可舉戰雲、蔚間，後奔達靼，入破黃巢，克寧未嘗不從行。 From the wars with Helian Duo and Li Keju through exile among the Tatars and the campaign against Huang Chao, Kening always marched with him.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 21Volume 21 Later Liang Biographies 1: Jing Xiang, Zhu Zhen, Pang Shigu, Ge Congzhou, Huo Cun, Zhang Cunjing, Fu Daozhao, Liu Han, Kou Yangqing · 5 passages

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梁敗黃巢、破秦宗權、東並兗鄆，未嘗不在戰中，而常勇出諸將。 Through Liang’s defeat of Huang Chao, breakup of Qin Zongquan, and eastward swallowing of Yan and Yanzhou, Zhen was always in the fight and often outshone the rest in courage.

太祖與晉王東逐黃巢，還過汴，館之上源驛，太祖使珍夜以兵攻之，晉王亡去，珍悉殺其麾下兵。 When Taizu and the Prince of Jin chased Huang Chao east and passed Bian, they stopped at Shangyuan Post; Taizu sent Zhen by night to strike the Jin prince; the prince escaped, and Zhen slaughtered his escort.

梁太祖鎮宣武，初得馬五百匹為騎兵，乃以師古將之，從破黃巢、秦宗權，皆有功。 When Taizu of Liang held Xuanwu, he raised five hundred horses into a cavalry force and gave Shigu command; under him Shigu helped break Huang Chao and Qin Zongquan.

少從黃巢，敗降梁。 In youth he followed Huang Chao; when the nest fell he submitted to Liang.

少從黃巢，巢敗，存乃降梁。 In youth he followed Huang Chao; when the nest fell he submitted to Liang.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 22Volume 22 Later Liang Biographies 2: Kang Huaiying, Liu Xun, Niu Cunjie, Zhang Guiba, Wang Zhongshi, Xu Huaiyu · 1 passage

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歸霸少與其弟歸厚、歸弁俱從黃巢，巢敗東走，歸霸兄弟乃降梁。 As youths Guiba and his brothers Guihou and Guibian followed Huang Chao; when Chao broke and fled east they surrendered to Liang.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 23Volume 23 Later Liang Biographies 3: Yang Shihou, Wang Jingren, He Gui, Wang Tan, Ma Sixun, Wang Qianyu, Xie Yanzhang · 5 passages

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少從諸葛爽起青、棣間，其後爽為汝州防禦使，率兵北擊沙陀，還入長安攻黃巢。 As a youth he followed Zhuge Shuang’s rise between Qing and Di. Later, when Shuang was defense commissioner of Ru, he led troops north against the Shatuo and returned into Chang’an to attack Huang Chao.

爽兵敗降巢，巢以爽為河陽節度使。 Shuang’s army was beaten and surrendered to Chao, who made him military governor of Heyang.

是時，太祖新就鎮，黃巢、秦宗權等兵方盛，太祖數為所窘，而梁未有佗將，乃以虔裕將騎兵，常為先鋒擊巢陳、蔡間，拔其數柵。 Taizu had just taken command. Huang Chao, Qin Zongquan, and others were still strong; Taizu was often hard pressed and Liang had no other generals—so Qianyu was put in charge of cavalry, regularly leading the van against Chao between Chen and Cai and taking several palisades.

巢走，梁兵躡之，戰於萬勝戍，賊敗而東，虔裕功為多，乃表虔裕義州刺史。 Chao fled; Liang pursued. At Wansheng post the bandits were routed eastward; Qianyu won the greatest merit, and Taizu memorialized to make him prefect of Yi.

黃巢已去，秦宗權攻許、鄭，與梁為敵境，大小百餘戰，虔裕常有功。 After Huang Chao was gone Qin Zongquan attacked Xu and Zheng. On the Liang border more than a hundred battles large and small were fought; Qianyu regularly distinguished himself.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 35Volume 35 Biographies 15: Zhan Wenyu, Yang She, Zhang Ce, Zhao Guangfeng, Xue Yiju, Su Xun · 1 passage

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黃巢犯長安，策乃返初服，奉父母以避亂，居田里十餘年。 When Huang Chao took Chang’an, Ce returned to lay dress, led his parents into hiding, and lived in the countryside ten years.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 36Volume 36 Biographies of Righteous Sons 16: Li Sizhao, Li Siben, Li Si'en, Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhang, Li Cunxian · 4 passages

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從太祖起代北，入關破黃巢，累以功為馬步軍都指揮使，遂賜姓名，以為子。 He rose with Taizu beyond Dai, entered the passes against Huang Chao, rose to command all horse and foot, received the Li name, and was adopted.

從太祖入關破黃巢，以為義兒軍使。 He entered the passes with Taizu against Huang Chao and became commander of the Adopted Sons Army.

存璋，字德璜，初與康群立、恭誌勤等從太祖入關，破黃巢，累遷義兒軍使。 Li Cunzhang, styled Defang, entered the passes with Kang Junli, Gong Zhizhiqin, and others against Huang Chao and rose to command the Adopted Sons Army.

少為軍卒，善角牴，太祖擊黃巢於陳州，得之，賜以姓名，養為子。 He began as a common soldier and excelled at wrestling; Taizu took him fighting Huang Chao at Chenzhou, gave him the Li name, and adopted him.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 40Volume 40 Miscellaneous Biographies 20: Li Maozhen, Han Jian, Li Renfu, Han Xun, Yang Chongben, Gao Wanxing, Wen Tao · 4 passages

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黃巢犯京師，鄭畋以博野軍擊賊，茂貞以功自隊長遷軍校。 When Huang Chao struck the capital, Zheng Tian led the Boye Army against him. Maozhen rose from squad leader to army officer for his service.

從楊復光攻黃巢於長安，巢已破，復光亦死，晏弘與建等無所屬，乃以麾下兵西迎僖宗於蜀，所過攻劫。 He followed Yang Fuguang against Huang Chao at Chang’an. When Chao fell and Fuguang died, Yanhong and Jian were left masterless. They marched west to fetch Emperor Xizong from Shu, looting every mile.

當唐僖宗時，有拓拔思敬者，為夏州偏將，後以與破黃巢功，賜姓李氏，拜夏州節度使。 Under Xizong a man named Tuoba Sijing was a deputy in Xia. For helping crush Huang Chao he took the imperial surname Li and became commissioner of Xia.

其後，黃巢陷京師，王重榮、李克用等會諸鎮兵討賊，思敬與破巢復京師，然皆未嘗有所可稱，故思敬之世次、功過不顯而無傳。 When Chao seized Chang’an, Wang Chongrong and Li Keyong mustered the circuits against him. Sijing helped retake the city, but won no fame for it. His deeds and his line fade into silence.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 41Volume 41 Miscellaneous Biographies 21: Lu Guangchou, Tan Quanbo, Lei Man, Zhong Chuan, Zhao Kuangning · 1 passage

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事州為小校，黃巢攻掠江淮，所在盜起，往往據州縣。 He was a petty officer of the prefecture. Huang Chao ravaged the Jiang-Huai; in his wake rebels seized town after town.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Miscellaneous Biographies 23: Shi Shucong, Li Yanwei, Li Zhen, Pei Di, Wei Zhen, Kong Xun, Sun Dezhao, Wang Jingrao, Jiang Yin · 3 passages

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為梁騎兵伍長，梁兵擊黃巢陳、許間，叔琮戰數有功，太祖壯之，使將後院馬軍，從攻徐、兗，表宿州刺史。 He began as a squad leader in Liang cavalry. In the campaigns against Huang Chao between Chen and Xu he fought again and again with credit. Liang Taizu Zhu Wen took him for a hard man and put him over the rear-court horse guard; on the drive against Xu and Yan he was named prefect of Su.

璠以宗權歸於太祖，太祖欲大其事，請獻俘於唐，唐以時溥破黃巢，獻馘而已，宗權不足俘，左拾遺徐彥樞亦疏請所在斬決。 Fan delivered Zongquan to Zhu Wen. The Founder wanted the triumph loud and asked to present the captive at Tang court. Tang answered that Shi Pu, when he broke Huang Chao, had sent only severed ears—Zongquan was not worth a grand presentation. Remonstrance official Xu Yanshu also asked that he be executed on the spot.

黃巢陷長安，惟最率其鄉里子弟，得義兵千人，南攻巢於咸陽，興平州將壯其所為，益以州兵二千。 When Huang Chao seized Chang’an, Weizui rallied the youths of his district into a thousand-man loyalist band and struck south at Chao near Xianyang. The Xingping prefect was impressed and gave him two thousand more men.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 44Volume 44 Miscellaneous Biographies 24: Liu Zhijun, Ding Hui, He Delun, Yan Bao, Kang Yanxiao · 1 passage

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後去為盜，與梁太祖俱從黃巢。 He left that life for the road, became a bandit, and marched with Zhu Wen under Huang Chao.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 45Volume 45 Miscellaneous Biographies 25: Zhang Quanyi, Zhu Youqian, Yuan Xiangxian, Zhu Hanbin, Duan Ning, Liu Qi, Zhou Zhiyu, Lu Siduo · 6 passages

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少以田家子役於縣，縣令數困辱之，全義因亡入黃巢賊中。 As a boy he did corvée for the county as a farmer’s son. The magistrate shamed him again and again; Quanyi ran off and joined Huang Chao’s rebels.

巢陷長安，以全義為吏部尚書、水運使。 When Chao seized Chang’an he made Quanyi Minister of the Civil Service and commissioner of water transport.

巢賊敗，去事諸葛爽於河陽。 After Chao’s fall he went to Zhuge Shuang at Heyang.

是時，河南遭巢、儒兵火之後，城邑殘破，戶不滿百，全義披荊棘，勸耕殖，躬載酒食，勞民畎畝之間，築南、北二城以居之。 Chao and Ru had burned Henan hollow—fewer than a hundred households left. Quanyi cut brush, pushed the plow, carried wine and food into the furrows himself, and raised south and north cities for people to live in.

監軍忿然曰：「自黃巢亂後，洛陽園宅無復能守，豈獨平泉一石哉！」 The supervisor snarled: “Since Chao, not one Luoyang estate could be held—why fuss over one Pingquan stone!”

全義嘗在巢賊中，以為譏己，固大怒，奏笞殺監軍者，天下冤之。 Quanyi had ridden with Chao once and heard an insult. He raged, had the man flogged to death, and the realm cried foul.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 65Volume 65: Hereditary House of Southern Han · 1 passage

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唐乾符五年，黃巢攻破廣州，去略湖、湘間，廣州表謙封州刺史、賀江鎮遏使，以禦梧、桂以西。 In the fifth year of Qianfu of the Tang, Huang Chao took Guangzhou and then marched to plunder the lake country and the Xiang region. Guangzhou recommended Qian for prefect of Fengzhou and commissioner for suppressing Hejiang, to hold the line against foes west of Wuzhou and Guilin.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 67Volume 67: Hereditary House of Wuyue · 4 passages

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