Zhu Youqian (友謙) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhu Youqian as an aristocrat, general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 24 passages from 10 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhu Youqian	友謙	Zhu Youqian
Title	Prince of Ji	冀王
Title	Prince of Ji	冀王	Ji Wang
Title	Prince of Western Pacification	西平王
Personal name	Youqian	友謙	Youqian
Given	Youqian	友謙	Youqian
Personal	Youqian	友謙	Youqian
Personal	Zhu Youqian	朱友謙
Personal name	Zhu Youqian	朱友謙	Zhu Youqian
Personal	Zhu Youqian	朱友謙	Zhu Youqian

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0052, jiuwudaishi:068:s0133, xinwudaishi:002:s0066, xinwudaishi:035:s0083, xinwudaishi:037:s0074
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:074:s0029, xinwudaishi:003:s0061, xinwudaishi:044:s0132

Roles

Aristocrat
General
Military Officer
Official
Rebel
Royal Family Member
Warlord

Life and dates

Death

Manner: clan extermination
Explicit · xinwudaishi:037:s0075, xinwudaishi:037:s0076
Manner: executed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:044:s0132
Manner: execution for treason
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0029

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 貞明六年 · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 920
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:010:s0031, jiuwudaishi:010:s0044
Source Date: Text: Founder era Shanzhou · Western Interval: Start: AD 903 · End: AD 907
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:024:s0052
Source Date: Text: 依河中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 907 · End: AD 923
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:068:s0133
Source Date: Text: 其後，友謙叛梁降晉 · Western Interval: Start: AD 920 · End: AD 923
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:035:s0084
Source Date: Text: 同光四年二月 · Western Year: AD 926
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:074:s0029
Source Date: Text: 开平三年 · Western Year: AD 909
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:002:s0066
Source Date: Text: 明年會猗氏 · Western Year: AD 911
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:050:s0046
Source Date: Text: 朱友謙又見殺 · Western Year: AD 926
Explicit · xinwudaishi:037:s0081
Source Date: Text: 梁太祖已即位 · Western Year: AD 907
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:035:s0083
Source Date: Text: 班師時 · Western Year: AD 926
Explicit · xinwudaishi:044:s0132
Source Date: Text: 莊宗入洛 · Western Interval: Start: AD 923 · End: AD 926
Explicit · xinwudaishi:037:s0074
Source Date: Text: 贞明六年 · Western Year: AD 920
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:003:s0061

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Kin of Zhu Quanzhong (朱全忠)
Kinship Term: Prince of Ji / 冀王
Parent of Jianhui (建徽)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Parent of Lingde (令德)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Kinship Role: household · Count: 200 · Note: clan exterminated
Explicit · xinwudaishi:044:s0137
Kinship Role: household · Count: 200 · Note: two hundred of his kin put to death
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0034
Kinship Role: generals · Count: 5 · Note: five or six generals exterminated with him
Explicit · xinwudaishi:037:s0076

Career and standing

Label: eastern Tongzhou campaign commander / 同州东面行营招讨使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0066
Label: Tongzhou military commissioner / 同州節度使 · Action: appointed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0031, jiuwudaishi:010:s0044
Label: military governor of Hezhong / 河中節度使 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0061
Labels: Huguo Army deputy military commissioner and acting commissioner / 河中護國軍節度副大使、知節度事, commissioner for Revenue and Jie county salt ponds / 製置度支解縣池場等使, acting Grand Preceptor / 守太保, Secretariat Director / 兼中書令 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0031
Title: Prince of Ji / 冀王 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0031, jiuwudaishi:024:s0052, xinwudaishi:002:s0066
Title: Prince of Western Pacification / 西平王 · Action: held
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:074:s0029

Places and affiliations

Label: Jin / 晉 · Relation: surrendered-to
Explicit · xinwudaishi:037:s0074
Label: Liang / 梁 · Relation: served
Explicit · xinwudaishi:037:s0074

Events and relationships

Kind: diplomatic · Role: met · Action: met · Other Person Id: Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang (後唐莊宗) · Place: Yishi / 猗氏
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:050:s0046
Kind: military · Role: attacker · Action: raided-Tongzhou-killed-governor-defected-to-Jin · Other Person Id: Cheng Quanhui (程全晖) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 贞明六年 · Western Year: AD 920
Explicit · xinwudaishi:003:s0061
Kind: rebellion · Role: rebel leader · Action: rebelled before the appointment edict arrived and sought aid from Jin
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0044
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: secured-Shanzhou · Place: Shanzhou / 陝府
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0052
Kind: military · Role: warlord · Action: seized Tongzhou and caused Cheng Quanhui to flee · Other Person Id: Cheng Quanhui (程全晖)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:010:s0042
Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Su Xun (蘇循)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:035:s0083

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · xinwudaishi:037:s0074

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Book of Later Liang 10: Later Emperors Annals 3 · 4 passages

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己酉，以河中護國軍節度副大使、知節度事、製置度支解縣池場等使、開府儀同三司、守太保、兼中書令、冀王友謙依前守太保、兼中書令，兼同州節度使，餘如故。 On jiyou Prince of Ji Zhu Youqian kept his Grand Preceptor and Secretariat Director titles and added Tongzhou military commissioner, retaining his other commissions.

先是，河中朱友謙襲陷同州，節度使程全暉單騎奔京師。 Zhu Youqian of Hedong had seized Tongzhou and Cheng Quanhui, its commissioner, rode alone to the capital.

友謙以其子令德為同州留後，表求節旄，不允； Youqian installed his son Lingde as acting commissioner and asked for the seal; the court refused;

既而帝慮友謙怨望，遂命兼鎮同州，製命將下而友謙已叛，遣使求援於晉，故命將討之。 Fearing resentment, the Emperor then named Youqian concurrent commissioner of Tong—but before the edict arrived Youqian rebelled and sought Jin’s aid, and punitive armies were dispatched.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 1 passage

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冀王友謙初定陝府，命曾往議事，有使院小將從行，嗜酒，荒逸過度。 When Prince of Ji Youqian first secured Shanzhou he sent Ceng to negotiate; a minor officer of the envoy bureau went with him, a drunkard and utterly dissolute.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Book of Later Tang 26: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 1 passage

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明年，從莊宗會朱友謙於猗氏，改教練使，與存審援河中，敗汴軍於胡壁堡，獲將龐讓。 The following year he accompanied Emperor Zhuangzong to meet Zhu Youqian at Yishi and was made training commissioner. With Cunshen he marched to relieve Hezhong, defeated the Liang army at Hubi Fort, and captured the general Pang Rang.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 68Volume 68 Book of Later Tang 44: Biographies 20: Xue Tinggui, Cui Yi, Liu Yue, Liu Ye, Feng Shunqing, Dou Mengzheng, Li Baoyin, Gui Ai, Kong, Miao, Zhang Wenbao, Chen Yi, Liu Zan · 1 passage

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文寶初，依河中朱友謙為從事。 Early in his career Wenbao served on the staff of Zhu Youqian in Hezhong.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 74Volume 74 Book of Later Tang 50: Biographies 126: Kang Yanxiao, Zhu Shouyin, Yang Li, Dou Tingwan, Zhang Qianzhao, Yang Yanwen · 4 passages

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二月癸巳，中軍次武連，中使詔至，諭以西平王朱友謙有罪伏誅，命繼岌殺其子遂州節度使令德，延孝大驚。 On the guisi day of the second month the main force reached Wulian. An imperial messenger arrived with an edict: Zhu Youqian, Prince of Western Pacification, had been executed for treason, and Siji was ordered to kill his son Lingde, military governor of Suizhou. Yanxiao was stunned.

若以背偽歸國，犄角而成霸業，即西平王之功第一。 If merit lay in abandoning a false master for the true dynasty and helping from two sides to build the empire, then the Prince of Western Pacification deserved first place.

西平與郭公皆以無罪赤族，歸朝之後，次當及我矣！」 The Prince of Western Pacification and Lord Guo were both wiped out though guilty of nothing. Once we are back at court, my turn will come next!"

時延孝部下皆鄜、延、河中舊將，焦武等知西平王被禍，兼誅令德，號哭軍門，訴於延孝曰：「西平無罪，二百口伏誅，河中舊將，無不從坐，某等必死矣！」 Yanxiao's officers were mostly veterans from Fu, Yan, and Hezhong. When Jiao Wu and the others learned of the Prince of Western Pacification's fate and Lingde's impending execution, they wept at the camp gate and pleaded with Yanxiao, "The Prince was innocent, yet two hundred of his kin were slaughtered. Every old officer from Hezhong will be implicated. We are as good as dead!"

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 2Volume 2 Later Liang Annals 2: Taizu 2 · 1 passage

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乙卯，冀王朱友谦为同州东面行营招讨使。 On the day yimao Zhu Youqian, Prince of Ji, was named commander of the eastern campaign against Tongzhou.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 3Volume 3 Later Liang Annals 3: Later Emperors · 1 passage

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河中節度使朱友謙襲同州，殺其節度使程全暉，叛附于晉，泰寧軍節度使劉鄩討之。 Zhu Youqian of Hezhong raided Tongzhou, killed its military governor Cheng Quanhui, and defected to Jin; Liu Xun of Taining marched against him.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 35Volume 35 Biographies 15: Zhan Wenyu, Yang She, Zhang Ce, Zhao Guangfeng, Xue Yiju, Su Xun · 2 passages

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於是父子皆勒歸田里，乃依朱友謙於河中。 Both were forced home and relied on Zhu Youqian at Hezhong.

其後，友謙叛梁降晉，晉王將即帝位，求唐故臣在者，以備百官之闕，友謙遣循至魏州。 Later Youqian rebelled to Jin; the Prince of Jin sought Tang ministers to fill office; Youqian sent Xun to Weizhou.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 37Volume 37 Biographies 17: · 5 passages

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朱友謙，以梁河中降晉者，及莊宗入洛，伶人皆求賂於友謙，友謙不能給而辭焉。 Zhu Youqian, who had brought Hezhong over from Liang, was shaken down by every actor when Zhuangzong reached Luoyang; he could not pay and refused.

進乃讒友謙曰：「崇韜且誅，友謙不自安，必反，宜幷誅之。」 Jin accused him: “With Chongtao gone, Youqian is uneasy—he will rebel. Kill him too.”

於是及其將五六人皆族滅之，天下不勝其冤。 Youqian and five or six of his commanders were wiped out to the last cousin; the empire groaned at the wrong.

已而朱友謙又見殺。 Then Zhu Youqian was killed as well.

友謙子建徽為澶州刺史，有詔彦瓊使殺之，彦瓊秘其事，夜半馳出城。 Youqian’s son Jianhui governed Chanzhou; orders came for Yanqiong to kill him; Yanqiong hid the command and fled the city at midnight.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 44Volume 44 Miscellaneous Biographies 24: Liu Zhijun, Ding Hui, He Delun, Yan Bao, Kang Yanxiao · 4 passages

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繼岌班師，命延孝以萬二千人為殿，行至武連，聞朱友謙無罪見殺。 Jiji marched east and left Yanxiao twelve thousand men as rearguard. At Wulian came word that Zhu Youqian, though innocent, had been put to death.

友謙有子令德在遂州，莊宗遣使者詔繼岌即誅之。 Youqian’s son Lingde was at Suizhou. Zhuangzong sent orders for Jiji to kill him on the spot.

而友謙與我俱背梁以歸唐者，友謙之禍次及我矣！」 Youqian and I both fled Liang for Tang. His slaughter comes for me next!”

延孝部下皆友謙舊將，知友謙被族，皆號哭訴於軍門曰：「朱公無罪，二百口被誅，舊將往往從死，我等死必矣！」 Yanxiao’s men were Youqian’s old captains. Learning the clan was wiped out, they wailed at the gate: “Zhu was innocent—two hundred lives—and his veterans died with him. We are next!”