Zhuge Liang (臥龍) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Zhuge Liang as a general, named individual, official, and statesman. This record brings together 17 passages from 12 chapters across 7 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Zhuge Liang	臥龍	Wolong
Title	Chancellor Liang	丞相亮
Title	Chancellor of Shu	蜀相	Shu xiang
Courtesy name	Kongming	孔明
Courtesy name	Kongming	孔明	Kongming
Courtesy	Kongming	孔明
Courtesy	Kongming	孔明	Kongming
Given	Liang	亮	Liàng
Given name	Liang	亮	Liàng
Epithet	Wolong	臥龍	Wolong
Title	Wolong	臥龍之臣
Surname	Zhuge	諸葛
Surname	Zhuge	諸葛	Zhūgě
Surname	Zhuge	諸葛	Zhuge
Alternate name	Zhuge Kongming	諸葛孔明	Zhuge Kongming
Alternate	Zhuge Kongming	諸葛孔明
Personal name	Zhuge Liang
Personal name	Zhuge Liang	諸葛亮
Personal name	Zhuge Liang	諸葛亮	Zhūgě Liàng
Personal name	Zhuge Liang	諸葛亮	Zhuge Liang
Personal	Zhuge Liang	諸葛亮
Personal	Zhuge Liang	諸葛亮	Zhūgě Liàng
Personal	Zhuge Liang	諸葛孔明	Zhuge Kongming
Title	Zhuge the Martial Marquis	諸葛武侯

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · liangshu:020:s0084, liaoshi:030:s0149, sanguozhi:031:s0112, sanguozhi:034:s0009, sanguozhi:062:s0031, songshu:076:s0158, songshu:086:s0029, yuanshi:171:s0026
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · mingshi:127:s0131, sanguozhi:031:s0158, songshi:359:s0004

Roles

General
Named Individual
Official
Statesman
Strategist

Life and dates

Death

Explicit · sanguozhi:062:s0031

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: AD 221-234 · Western Year: AD 221
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:030:s0149
Source Date: Text: 三國 · Western Interval: Start: AD 181 · End: AD 234
Explicit · yuanshi:171:s0026
Source Date: Text: 三國 · Western Interval: Start: AD 207 · End: AD 234
Explicit event contextual date · songshu:076:s0158
Source Date: Text: 三國蜀漢 · Western Year: AD 207
Explicit · liangshu:020:s0084
Source Date: Text: 丞相諸葛亮平南土 · Western Year: AD 225
Explicit · sanguozhi:031:s0112
Source Date: Text: 先主入益州時 · Western Year: AD 214
Explicit event contextual date · sanguozhi:034:s0068
Source Date: Text: 孔明 · Western Interval: Start: AD 207 · End: AD 234
Explicit event contextual date · mingshi:127:s0131
Source Date: Text: 後丞相諸葛亮問秦宓 · Western Year: AD 223
Strongly inferred · sanguozhi:031:s0158
Source Date: Text: 蜀相諸葛亮卒 · Western Year: AD 234
Explicit · sanguozhi:062:s0031
Source Date: Text: 諸葛亮筒袖鎧帽 · Western Interval: Start: AD 181 · End: AD 234
Explicit event contextual date · songshu:086:s0029
Source Date: Text: 諸葛亮謂之用武之國 · Western Year: AD 207
Explicit · songshi:359:s0004
Western Interval: Start: AD 207 · End: AD 234 · Source Date: Text: 諸葛孔明云：「來敏亂郡，過於孔文
Explicit · songshu:062:s0112
Source Date: Text: 章武二年 · Western Year: AD 222
Explicit · sanguozhi:034:s0009

Career and standing

Label: Chancellor / 丞相 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 丞相諸葛亮平南土 · Western Year: AD 225
Explicit · sanguozhi:031:s0112
Label: Chancellor of Shu / 蜀相 · Action: held
Explicit · sanguozhi:062:s0031
Label: Chancellor / 丞相 · Action: held
Explicit · sanguozhi:034:s0009

Places and affiliations

Polity: Shu Han / 蜀 · Relation: served
Explicit · sanguozhi:062:s0031
Polity: Shu Han / 蜀漢 · Relation: affiliated-with
Explicit · sanguozhi:034:s0009

Works and attributed material

Kind: memorial · Role: author · Other Person Id: Liu Shan (劉禪)
Explicit · sanguozhi:034:s0009, sanguozhi:034:s0010, sanguozhi:034:s0011, sanguozhi:034:s0012, sanguozhi:034:s0013, sanguozhi:034:s0014, sanguozhi:034:s0015, sanguozhi:034:s0016, sanguozhi:034:s0017, sanguozhi:034:s0018, sanguozhi:034:s0019, sanguozhi:034:s0020, sanguozhi:034:s0021, sanguozhi:034:s0022

Events and relationships

Kind: military · Role: strategist · Action: campaigned-for-central-plain
Explicit · songshi:359:s0035
Kind: political · Role: actor · Action: mourned-then-enthroned · Other Person Id: Former Lord (先主)
Explicit · liaoshi:030:s0149
Kind: military · Role: commander-orderer · Action: ordered-to-block-river · Other Person Id: Zhao Yun (趙雲)
Explicit · sanguozhi:034:s0068
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: pacified the southern lands · Place: southern lands / 南土 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 丞相諸葛亮平南土 · Western Year: AD 225
Explicit · sanguozhi:031:s0112
Relation: minister-of · Person Id: Liu Bei (劉備)
Strongly inferred · liangshu:020:s0084

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: devotion comparable to Li Gang's loyalty · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · songshi:359:s0226

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Liang, Chapter 20Volume 20: Liu Lijian; Chen Bozhi · 1 passage

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高祖笑謂曰：「卿欲慕劉備而曾不及公孫述，豈無臥龍之臣乎。」 Gaozu laughed and said, "You wished to rival Liu Bei yet could not even match Gongsun Shu—had you no Wolong at your side?"

History of Liao, Chapter 30Volume 30 Annals 30: Emperor Tianzuo 4: Ye Luchun, Ye Luyali, Ye Ludashi and Son: Yilie, Yi Lie and Younger Sister: Pu Suwan, Yi Lieci and Son: Zhilugu · 1 passage

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諸葛武侯為獻帝發喪，而後立先主為帝者，不可同年語矣。 When Zhuge the Martial Marquis mourned Emperor Xian and afterward enthroned the Former Lord—that is not a case to be named in the same breath.

History of Ming, Chapter 127Volume 127 Biographies 15: Li Shanzhang, Wang Guangyang · 1 passage

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誥詞稱其剸繁治劇，屢獻忠謀，比之子房、孔明。 His patent praised him for mastering tangled affairs and urgent business, for loyal counsel offered again and again, and likened him to Zifang and Zhuge Liang.

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 31Volume 31: Book of Shu 1: Biographies of the Two Governor Lius · 2 passages

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後丞相諸葛亮問秦宓以扶所長，宓曰：「董扶褒秋毫之善，貶纖芥之惡。」 Later Chancellor Zhuge Liang asked Qin Mi what Dong Fu excelled at. Mi replied: “Dong Fu praises goodness down to the finest hair and condemns wrongdoing down to the smallest flaw.”

丞相諸葛亮平南土，闡還吳，為御史中丞。 After Chancellor Zhuge Liang pacified the south, Liu Chan returned to Wu and was promoted to palace assistant censor-in-chief.

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 34Volume 34: Book of Shu 4: Biographies of Concubines and Sons of the Two Lords · 3 passages

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丞相亮上言： Zhuge Liang memorialized as follows:

夫人欲將太子歸吳，諸葛亮使趙雲勒兵斷江留太子，乃得止。 She meant to take the crown prince with her, but Zhuge Liang had Zhao Yun seal the river and keep the boy—only then was she stopped.

今以后為皇后，遣使持節丞相亮授璽綬，承宗廟，母天下，皇后其敬之哉！」 I now make the empress queen, send envoys with the imperial baton for Chancellor Zhuge Liang to confer her seals and cords, that she may receive the ancestral shrines and mother the realm—revere this charge, O empress!"

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 62Volume 62: Book of Wu 17: Biographies of Shi Yi and Hu Zong · 1 passage

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蜀相諸葛亮卒，權垂心西州，遣儀使蜀申固盟好。 After Zhuge Liang's death Sun Quan turned his eyes westward and sent Shi Yi to Chengdu to renew the alliance.

History of Song, Chapter 359Volume 359 Biographies 118: Li Gang 2 · 3 passages

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上言：「荊湖、國之上流，其地數千里，諸葛亮謂之用武之國。 He submitted a memorial: "Jinghu lies in the upper reaches of the realm, its territory stretching thousands of li. Zhuge Liang called it a country made for war.

諸葛亮佐蜀，連年出師以圖中原，不如是，不足以立國。 Zhuge Liang served Shu and sent armies out year after year to recover the Central Plain; without that, the state could not endure.

嗚呼，中興功業之不振，君子固歸之天，若綱之心，其可謂非諸葛孔明之用心歟？ Alas, that the work of restoration did not flourish — upright men may indeed ascribe this to Heaven; yet can Li Gang's devotion be said to fall short of Zhuge Kongming's?

Book of Song, Chapter 62Volume 62 Biographies 22: Yang Xin, Zhang Fu, Wang Wei · 1 passage

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諸葛孔明云：「來敏亂郡，過於孔文舉。」 Zhuge Liang said, "Lai Min throws a commandery into disorder—worse than Kong Rong."

Book of Song, Chapter 69Volume 69 Biographies 29: Liu Zhan, Fan Ye · 1 passage

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博涉史傳，諳前世舊典，弱年便有宰世情，常自比管夷吾、諸葛亮，不為文章，不喜談議。 He read widely in histories and chronicles and knew the statutes of earlier ages by heart; even in his youth he harbored ambitions to govern the realm and often likened himself to Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang. He did not write belles lettres and disliked idle talk.

Book of Song, Chapter 76Volume 76 Biographies 36: Zhu Xiuzhi, Zong Que, Wang Xuanmo · 1 passage

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尋除車騎將軍、江州刺史，副司徒建安王於赭圻，賜以諸葛亮筩袖鎧。 He was soon Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Jiangzhou, serving under the Minister of Works, Prince of Jian'an, at Zheqi, and was presented with Zhuge Liang's linked tube armor.

Book of Song, Chapter 86Volume 86 Biographies 46: Yin Xiaozu, Liu Mian · 1 passage

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御仗先有諸葛亮筒袖鎧帽，二十五石弩射之不能入，上悉以賜孝祖。 Among the imperial stores were sleeve-armor caps of the Zhuge Liang type that even twenty-five-stone crossbows could not penetrate; the emperor bestowed them all on Xiaozu.

History of Yuan, Chapter 171Volume 171 Biographies 58: Liu Yin, Wu Cheng · 1 passage

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嘗愛諸葛孔明靜以修身之語，表所居曰「靜修」。 He admired Zhuge Liang's saying about cultivating oneself through stillness and named his residence "Quiet Cultivation."