Ancient China · Ruler

Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公

Jin Wen Gong

Attested BC 636 - BC 628

Passages
30
Chapters
14
Histories
7

Overview

The translated histories identify Duke Wen of Jin as a ruler. This record brings together 30 passages from 14 chapters across 7 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

RolesRuler

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公 Jin Wen Gong
Title Duke Wen 文公
Title Duke Wen 文公 Wengong
Personal name Duke Wen 文 Wén
Title Duke Wen 文 Wen
Title Duke Wen 晉文
Title Duke Wen 文公 Wen gong
Title Duke Wen 文
Personal name Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公
Posthumous Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公 Jin Wen Gong
Title Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公 Jìn Wéngōng
Personal Duke Wen of Jin Jin Wen Gong
Title Duke Wen of Jin 晉文 Jin Wen
Title Duke Wen of Jin 晉文 Jìn Wén
Title Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公 Jin Wen Gong
Title Duke Wen of Jin 晉文公 Jin Wen gong
Personal Duke Wen of Jin / Chong'er 重耳
Title Jin Wen 晉文 Jin Wen
Title Lord Wen of Jin 晉文
Alternate Wen 晉文 Jin Wen
Personal name Wen 文 Wén
Personal name Wen of Jin

Identity

Historicity
Historical
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

  • Source Date: Text: BC 636-628 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Strongly inferred · houhanshu:032:s0110
  • Source Date: Text: 文公 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Explicit · hanshu:098:s0150
  • Source Date: Text: 春秋之世 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:031:s0230
  • Source Date: Text: 晉文 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Explicit event contextual date · songshu:003:s0220
  • Source Date: Text: 晉文公 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Explicit · shiji:083:s0208
  • Source Date: Text: 晉文公 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Strongly inferred · shiji:119:s0064
  • Source Date: Text: 晉文公出奔 · Western Year: BC 636
    Explicit · chenshu:032:s0024
  • Source Date: Text: 晉文接之 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:025:s0047
  • Source Date: Text: 桓、文之後 · Western Year: BC 628
    Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:103:s0022
  • Source Date: Text: 桓、文霸主 · Western Interval: Start: BC 636 · End: BC 628
    Explicit · nanqishu:056:s0007
  • Source Date: Text: 法正進言所引 · Western Year: AD 214
    Explicit · sanguozhi:034:s0069

Family

  • Kin of Jie Tui (介推)
    Kinship Term: Duke Wen and Jie Tui / 文公而愍推 · Relationship State: active
    Kinship Term: Jie Tui / 推 · Relationship State: active

Career and standing

Places and affiliations

Works and attributed material

Events and relationships

Assessments and attributes

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Chen, Chapter 32Volume 32: Filial Piety · 1 passage
Open chapter
Book of Han, Chapter 25Volume 23: Treatise on Punishment and Law · 3 passages
Open chapter
Book of Han, Chapter 96Volume 85: Gu Yong and Du Ye · 1 passage
Open chapter
永奏書謝鳳曰：「永斗筲之材，質薄學朽，無一日之雅，左右之介，將軍說其狂言，擢之皁衣之吏，廁之爭臣之末，不聽浸潤之譖，不食膚受之訴，雖齊桓、晉文用士篤密，察父哲兄覆育子弟，誠無以加！ He wrote Wang Feng: "I am a trifling talent, shallow and ill-read, a stranger to you without introduction, yet you welcomed my blunt words, raised me from a petty clerk to the ranks of remonstrators, and refused both whispered slander and shallow complaint. Not even Duke Huan of Qi or Lord Wen of Jin treated their men with such care—no fond father or elder brother could do more.
Book of Han, Chapter 98Volume 87a: Yang Xiong 1 · 1 passage
Open chapter
Book of Han, Chapter 103Volume 91: Usurers · 1 passage
Open chapter
Book of Han, Chapter 104Volume 92: Youxias · 1 passage
Open chapter
Book of Later Han, Chapter 31Volume 28a: Biographies of Huan Tan; Feng Yan · 1 passage
Open chapter
因遣使者招永、衍，永、衍等疑不肯降，而忿邑背前約，衍乃遺邑書曰：蓋聞晉文出奔而子犯宣其忠，趙武逢難而程嬰明其賢，二子之義當矣。 He then sent envoys to summon Bao Yong and Feng Yan; they hesitated and refused to submit, and resenting Tian Yi for breaking their earlier pact, Feng Yan wrote to him: "When Duke Wen of Jin fled into exile, Zi Fan showed his loyalty; when Duke Wu of Zhao met disaster, Cheng Ying proved his worth—both acted as righteousness required."
Book of Later Han, Chapter 32Volume 28b: Biography of Feng Yan · 1 passage
Open chapter
Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 56Volume 56 Biographies 37: Trusted Officials · 9 passages
Open chapter
若徵兵動衆，大興民役，行留之儀，請託在手，斷割牢稟，賣弄文符，捕叛追亡，長戍遠謪，軍有千齡之壽，室無百年之鬼，害政傷民，於此爲蠹。 When troops were levied and hosts mobilized, when corvée was raised on a great scale, the rites of going and staying lay in their hands through entreaty. They cut off prison rations, trafficked in written warrants, captured rebels and pursued fugitives, imposed long garrison service and distant exile. Armies seemed to live a thousand years while households had no ghost of a century — harming government and injuring the people, in this they were vermin.
Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 34Volume 34: Book of Shu 4: Biographies of Concubines and Sons of the Two Lords · 2 passages
Open chapter
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 83Biographies of Lu Zhonglian and Zou Yang · 1 passage
Open chapter
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 119Biographies of Upright Officials · 6 passages
Open chapter
Book of Song, Chapter 3Volume 3 Annals 3: Emperor Wu 3 · 1 passage
Open chapter
Book of Song, Chapter 69Volume 69 Biographies 29: Liu Zhan, Fan Ye · 1 passage
Open chapter