Overview
Fu Heng was a Grand Secretary and Military Commissioner.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Chunhe | 春和 | Chūnhé |
| Posthumous name | Wenzhong | 文忠 | Wenzhong |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1769 七月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 229, 232
Age
- not yet fiftyNegated Maximum 50Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 247
Attested activity
- AD 1748 十三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 20
- AD 1769 七月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 229, 232
- AD 1768 三十三年二月Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 175
- AD 1769 三十四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 115
- AD 1769 三十四年
- AD 1769 三十四年二月Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 229
Show 23 more source-backed claims
- AD 1769 三月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 229-230
- AD 1748 乾隆十三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 316, passages 217-218
- AD 1745 乾隆十年六月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 102
- AD 1735 to AD 1770 乾隆朝列傳標目Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 2
- AD 1756 二十一年四月Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 173-174
- AD 1755 二十年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 171
- AD 1748 to AD 1749 傅恆進兵路Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 190
- AD 1768 十一月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 210, 229
- AD 1748 十三年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 162
- AD 1748 十三年三月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 104
- AD 1748 十三年九月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 78, 107
- AD 1748 十三年十一月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 109
- AD 1748 十三年十月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 122
- AD 1754 十九年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 169-170
- AD 1747 十二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 103
- AD 1749 十四年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 149-151
- AD 1749 十四年正月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 97, 123
- AD 1768 十月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 228-229
- AD 1768 to AD 1769 緬甸之役Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 202, 229
- AD 1752 緬甸之役Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passages 39, 41, 46
- AD 1749 金川師還前後Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 159, 162, 164, 166
- AD 1748 to AD 1749 金川軍Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passages 220-221
- AD 1736 to AD 1770 高宗初政／傅恆Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 284-285, 287, 290
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Descendant of Misihan (米思翰)paternal grandfather 祖 · paternal line · 2 generationsStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 100
- Descendant of Hashitun (哈什屯)great-grandfather 曾祖 · paternal line · 3 generationsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 168
- Child of Li Rongbao (李榮保)father 父Sources vary in certainty · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 100, 168
- Parent of Fu Long'an (福隆安)son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 2, 248
- Parent of Fukang'an (福康安)son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 248
- Parent of Fu Chang'an (福長安)son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 248
- Parent of Fu Ling'an (福靈安)son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 2, 248
- Sibling of Empress Xiaoxianchun (孝賢純皇后)younger brother 弟Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 99
Key source chapters
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 301 Volume 301 Biographies 88: Ne Qin, Fu Heng, Fu Ling An, Fu Long An, Fu Long An, Feng Shenjilun, Fu Chang An 69 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 311 Volume 311 Biographies 98: Ha Pan Long, Ren Ju, Ye Da Xiong, Ma Liangzhu, Ben Jin Zhong, Liu Shun 7 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 90 Volume 90 Treatises 65: Rites 9, Jun Li 4 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 316 Volume 316 Biographies 103: Hu Er Qi, Ai Long A, Ba Linga, Shu Ming, Fu Lu, Qi Likeqi, Yan Xiangshi, Yi Zhu, Nu San, Wu Leideng 1 passage
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 326 Volume 326 Biographies 113: Kai Tai, A Er Tai, Gui Lin, Wen Fu 1 passage
Origins and identity
- Manchu 滿洲Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 99
- Clan Fuca 富察氏Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 99
Career and standing
- Grand Secretary 大學士Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 115
- imperial guard 侍衛Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 101
- commander-in-chief (jinglue) 經略AD 1768 三十三年二月 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 175
- grand coordinator for Yunnan military affairs 經略雲南軍務AD 1769 三十四年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 115
- Grand Council duty 軍機處行走AD 1745 乾隆十年六月 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 102
- associate grand secretary 協辦大學士AD 1748 十三年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 106
Show 28 more source-backed claims
- acting Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general 暫管川陝總督AD 1748 十三年九月 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 107
- commander-in-chief 經略AD 1748 十三年九月 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 78
- Minister of Revenue 戶部尚書AD 1747 十二年 · AppointedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 103
- concurrent head of Ministry of Personnel 兼領吏部AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 106
- Grand Secretary of the Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿大學士AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 108
- vice-minister of Revenue 戶部侍郎AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 101
- Commissioner-General and Grand Secretary 經略大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 20
- Grand Secretary and campaign commander 經略大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 335, passage 37
- Grand Secretary and commissioner-general 經略大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 162
- Grand Secretary and Pacification Commissioner 經略大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passage 218
- Grand Secretary 大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 78
- Grand Councilor 軍機處AD 1746 to AD 1769 直軍機處二十三年 · ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 238
- funeral rites equal to imperial clansman Defender Duke 喪葬視宗室鎮國公BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 232
- three-eyed peacock feather 三眼孔雀翎BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 197
- enshrined in previously built ancestral hall 入祀前所建宗祠EnshrinedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 233
- Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子太保AD 1748 十三年四月 · GrantedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 105
- Grand Preceptor 太保GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 113
- share sacrifice in Imperial Ancestral Temple 配享太廟GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 237
- gifted feather 賜翎Ordered returnedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 226
- four-dragon mandarin square 四團龍補服Ordered to wearDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 168
- Wenzhong 文忠Posthumous name bestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 232
- three-eyed peacock feather 三眼孔雀翎To be bestowed then declinedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 225
- Duke of Loyal Valor of the first rank 一等忠勇公AD 1749 十四年 · EnfeoffedDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 151
- first-rank duke 一等公AD 1755 二十年 · Offered · Negated trueDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 171
- beizi 貝子AD 1796 嘉慶元年 · Posthumously grantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 236
- prince rank 郡王銜Posthumously grantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 237
- Fell illIllDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 216; Draft History of Qing 311, passage 46
- pardon of Slob Dpon and son 赦其罪Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 162
Places and affiliations
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 115
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
- Polity Qing 清朝 · Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 20
- AD 1748 十三年十月At Kasa 卡撒 · Relation Posted toDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 122
- AD 1768 十月At Huju Pass 虎踞關 · Relation Garrisoned atDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 228-229
- At grand coordinator's residence 經略第 · Relation ResidenceDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 118
Show 3 more source-backed claims
- At residence inside Dong'an Gate 東安門內 · Relation Granted residenceDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 168
- At Yunnan 雲南 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 115
- Organization Bordered Yellow Banner 鑲黃旗 · Relation Member ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 99
Works and attributed material
- Declined four dragon patchMemorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 168
- Declined three eyed peacock featherMemorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 197
- Reported peace overtureMemorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 218
- AD 1749 十四年正月Memorial · AuthorDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 123-147
- Memorial · Author · With Ye Daxiong (冶大雄)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 162
- Memorial · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 219-220
Show 2 more source-backed claims
- requested execution of Liang Erji and othersMemorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 120
- Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 152-155
Events and relationships
- Accepted Jinchuan surrenderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 162
- Accepted Menggong surrendersAD 1769 八月 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 194, 196
- Advanced by Kasai route in earlier Jinchuan warAD 1748 to AD 1749 傅恆進兵路 · Military · Commander · At Kasai 卡撒Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 326, passage 190
- Alone approved Dzungar warAD 1754 十九年 · Political · AdvisorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 170
- Ancestral hall builtAD 1749 金川師還後 · Ritual · HonoreeDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 168
- Army withdrewAD 1769 三十四年二月 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 229
Show 47 more source-backed claims
- AttackedAD 1768 十一月 · Military · Commander · At Laoguantun 老官屯Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 210, 229
- Audience at traveling palaceAD 1769 三月 · Court · Attendee · At Tianjin 天津Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 229-230
- Boat building at YeniubaAD 1769 三十四年 · Military · Commander · At Yeniuba 野牛壩Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 184-186
- Burma campaignAD 1768 to AD 1769 三十三年至三十四年 · Military · Commander in chiefDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 175, 177-178
- CampaignedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 335, passage 37
- Captured diaoDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 149
- Declined enfeoffment and rewardsPolitical · RecipientDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 156
- Directed mourning ritesDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 104
- Emperor poured libationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 232
- evening audience 晚面Court · Confidant · Evening audienceDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 241
- Executed traitorsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 120
- Force reduced by miasmaMilitary · Commander · Quantity From: 31000 · To: 13000Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 214-215
- Marched on foot after snowTravel · Traveler · At Tianshe Mountain 天赦山Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 115
- Marched with reinforcementsAD 1748 十三年十一月 · Military · Commander · At Liangxiang 良鄉Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 109
- Marched without battleMilitary · Commander · At Jiugu 戛鳩江Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 202
- Met to reform yunnan postsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 228
- Night assault on Se'erliDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 20
- Ordered repulse and fleet attackMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 212
- Ordered secretaries to draftAdministrative · InnovatorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 242
- Ordered to withdrawAD 1749 十四年正月 · Military · CommanderDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 97
- Planned river fleet and Burma campaignDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passages 39, 41
- Portrait ranked first in Hall of Purple SplendorHonorific · Subject · At Hall of Purple Splendor 紫光閣Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 172
- Presented captured bannersMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 208
- Reached armyAD 1748 乾隆十三年 · Military · Commander · At Manai 馬奈Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 316, passages 217-218
- RecalledDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 215, 217
- Received edict and sealRitual · Recipient · At Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 116-119
- RecoveredMilitary · Commander · At Menggong 猛拱Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 225
- Relocated campDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 122
- Replaced NeqinDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 78
- Reported courier failuresAdministrative · Reporter · At Shaanxi 陝西Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 111
- Requested joint audienceCourt · ReformerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 240
- Sent then recalled from IrkhabirgaAD 1756 二十一年四月 · Military · InspectorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 173-174
- Set out in formal orderMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 120
- Suburban welcome and victory feastAD 1749 三月 · Ritual · HonoreeDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 166-167
- Tomb offeringRitual · HonoreeDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 234
- Took command of campaignAD 1748 十三年九月 · Military · CommanderDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 107
- Took the fieldAD 1748 to AD 1749 金川軍 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 220
- Twice returned in triumph after accepting surrenderMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 290
- Withdrew armyAD 1749 翌日 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 164
- nurtured by Neqin 訥親培養陶成Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 287
- succeeded Neqin as emperor's voice 繼之者傅恆Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 285
- Relation Successor as commander of · Person Neqin (訥親)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 78
- Relation Appointed by · Person Gaozong (高宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 115
- Relation Colleague of · Person Yue Zhongqi (岳鍾琪)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 159
- Relation Commander of · Person Guo Xing (國興)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passages 39, 44
- Relation Superior of · Person Ma Liangzhu (馬良柱)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 220
- Relation Superior of · Person Fuxian (傅顯)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 186
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment Daxiong-veteran-sound-camp-arrangements · With Ye Daxiong (冶大雄) · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Fu Heng (傅恆)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 311, passage 162
- Assessment decisive and clear-sighted · Mode named-source-report Speaker Qianlong EmperorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 121
- Assessment diligent and cautious; won imperial favor · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 238
- Assessment diligent and conscientious · Mode named-source-report Speaker Qianlong EmperorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 105
- Assessment emperor trusted his caution, not merely noble birth and hereditary merit · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 290
- Assessment especially mourned by emperor · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 247
Show 14 more source-backed claims
- Assessment humble; would not decide alone · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 244
- pillar of the state 社稷臣Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 235
- Assessment ranked first among meritorious ministers; compared to Xiao He · With Xiao He (蕭何) · Mode named-source-report Speaker The Emperor (上)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 172
- Assessment received favor second only to Neqin · Mode named-source-report Source Person Id Gaozong (高宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 288
- Assessment relied on but admonished for small slips · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 243
- Assessment respected scholars and helped juniors · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 245
- Assessment self-accusation of failed commission · Mode self-report Speaker Fu Heng (傅恆)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 220
- Assessment shared soldiers' hardships · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 246
- AD 1769 三十四年二月Item imperial armor 御用甲胄 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 177
- Item double-eyed peacock feather 雙眼孔雀翎 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passages 116, 121
- Item jeweled finial and four-dragon rank patch 寶石頂、四團龍補服 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 151
- Item leopard-tail spears 豹尾槍 · Relation Bestowed · Quantity 2Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 165
- Item personal guards 親軍 · Relation Bestowed · Quantity 2Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 165
- Item three jin of ginseng 人蓡三斤 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 301, passage 150
Source notes
- Historicity historical
References in the histories
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