Five Dynasties · Ruler

Liu Chong 劉崇

AD 895 - AD 955

Passages
97
Chapters
17
Histories
3

Overview

The translated histories identify Liu Chong as a family member, general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 97 passages from 17 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal Liu Chong 劉崇 Liu Chong
Personal Chong 崇
Given name Chong 崇 Chong
Given Chong 崇 Chóng
Alternate Chong 崇 Chong
Title Divine Martial Emperor of Great Han 大漢神武皇帝
Title Emperor Shenwu of Great Han 大漢神武皇帝 Dà Hàn Shénwǔ huángdì
Title Emperor Shenwu of Great Han 大漢神武皇帝
Title Han ruler 漢主
Surname Liu 劉 Liu
Surname Liu 劉 Liú
Alternate Liu Chong 劉崇 Liu Chong
Personal name Liu Chong 劉崇 Liu Chong
Personal name Liu Chong 劉崇 Liú Chóng
Personal Liu Chong 劉崇 Liú Chóng
Personal name Liu Chong 崇
Personal Liu Chong 刘旻
Personal name Liu Chong 劉旻 Liú Mín
Personal name Liu Min 劉旻 Liú Mín
Personal Liu Min 劉旻 Liu Min
Given Min 旻 Mín
Given Min 旻 Min
Title Nephew Emperor 姪皇帝
Surname 劉 Liu

Identity

Historicity
Historical
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Family Member
  • General
  • Military Officer
  • Official
  • Rebel
  • Royal Family Member
  • Ruler
  • Warlord

Life and dates

Birth

Death

  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 明年十一月 · Western Year: AD 955 · Age: Value: 60 · Reckoning: sui
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0064
  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德元年 · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 954 · Age: 60
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0067, xinwudaishi:071:s0077
  • Date: Source Date: Text: 應曆5年十一月 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Regnal Year: 5 · Western Year: AD 955
    Explicit · liaoshi:006:s0093
  • Date Context: Source Date: Text: 顯德二年冬 · Regnal Year: 2 · Season: winter · Western Year: AD 955 · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Work: Old History of the Five Dynasties / 五代舊史
    Textual variant · xinwudaishi:071:s0069, xinwudaishi:071:s0078
  • Description: death in Hedong reported by Xingzhou / 邢州奏河東劉崇死 · Western Year: AD 955
    Explicit · jiuwudaishi:115:s0181

Age

Attested activity

  • Source Date: Text: 乾祐七年十一月 · Regnal Year: 7 · Month: 11 · Western Year: AD 954
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0067
  • Source Date: Text: 顯德元年 · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 954
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0068, xinwudaishi:071:s0077
  • Source Date: Text: 顯德二年冬 · Regnal Year: 2 · Season: winter · Western Year: AD 955
    Textual variant · xinwudaishi:071:s0069
  • Source Date: Text: 應曆5年 · Reign Id: liao-yingli · Regnal Year: 5 · Western Year: AD 955
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:006:s0093
  • Source Date: Text: 世宗新即位…高平 · Western Year: AD 954
    Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:031:s0038
  • Source Date: Text: 乾祐 · Western Year: AD 948
    Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:071:s0032
  • Source Date: Text: 乾祐二年 · Western Year: AD 949
    Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:102:s0111
  • Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:085:s0086
  • Source Date: Text: 六月辛卯朔 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:005:s0057
  • Source Date: Text: 劉旻攻晉州 · Western Interval: Start: AD 951 · End: AD 954
    Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:050:s0008
  • Source Date: Text: 劉旻自立於太原 · Western Interval: Start: AD 951 · End: AD 952
    Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:053:s0078
  • Source Date: Text: 周廣順元年 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0156
  • Source Date: Text: 天祿五年 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:005:s0053
  • Source Date: Text: 天福十二年五月；北京留守 · Western Year: AD 947
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0041
  • Source Date: Text: 廣順元年冬 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:130:s0026
  • Source Date: Text: 廣順元年正月 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:011:s0067
  • Source Date: Text: 明年十一月 · Western Year: AD 955
    Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:070:s0064, xinwudaishi:070:s0043
  • Source Date: Text: 显德元年三月 · Western Year: AD 954
    Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0026
  • Source Date: Text: 顯德二年 · Western Year: AD 955
    Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:115:s0181
  • Source Date: Text: 顯德元年 · Western Year: AD 954
    Explicit · jiuwudaishi:141:s0093, xinwudaishi:019:s0020
  • Source Date: Text: 顯德元年三月 · Western Year: AD 954
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0043
  • Source Date: Text: 高平之役 · Western Year: AD 954
    Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:119:s0121

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

  • Parent of Daughter of Liu Min (旻女)
    Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: daughter · Object Role: father
  • Parent of Liu Yun (劉赟)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
    Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  • Parent of Liu Chengjun (承鈞)
    Kinship Term: second son / 次子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 2
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
    Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  • Parent of Liu Kai (鍇)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  • Parent of Liu Qi (锜)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  • Parent of Liu Xi (錫)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  • Parent of Liu Gao (鎬)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  • Parent of Liu Xian (銑)
    Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
  • Sibling of Emperor Gaozu of Han (漢高祖)
    Kinship Term: uterine younger brother / 母弟 · Shared Parentage: maternal-half · Subject Relative Age: younger · Subject Role: younger-brother · Object Role: elder-brother
  • Spouse of Wife of Liu Min (旻妻)
    Kinship Term: wife / 妻 · Union Category: marriage

Career and standing

  • Label: regent of the Northern Capital / 北京留守 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 天福十二年五月 · Western Year: AD 947
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0041
  • Label: commander-in-chief / 都指揮使 · Action: appointed
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0004
  • Label: prefect of Taiyuan / 太原尹 · Action: appointed
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0005
  • Label: Grand Secretary / 中書令 · Action: held
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0006
  • Title: Emperor Shenwu of Great Han / 大漢神武皇帝 · Action: invested · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 六月辛卯朔 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:005:s0058
  • Title: Emperor Shenwu of Great Han / 大漢神武皇帝 · Action: invested
    Explicit · liaoshi:085:s0086
  • Polity: Northern Han / 東漢/北漢 · Place: Taiyuan / 太原 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 周廣順元年正月戊寅 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0156
  • Place: Taiyuan / 太原 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 天祿五年 · Western Year: AD 951
    Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:005:s0053
  • Place: Taiyuan / 太原
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:011:s0067

Places and affiliations

Works and attributed material

Events and relationships

Assessments and attributes

  • Assessment: distinguished-from-nine-states-by-righteousness-toward-Zhou · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0031
  • Assessment: lamentable-resolve-in-retaining-Qianyou · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:071:s0032
  • Assessment: refused to submit to Zhou · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:011:s0121
  • Assessment: usurped title while retaining Qianyou era and household ritual · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0071
  • Kind: physical-description · Statement: handsome beard and mustache; double pupils
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0002
  • Item: Khitan yellow steed / 契丹黃騮 · Relation: used-in-flight
    Explicit · xinwudaishi:070:s0054, xinwudaishi:070:s0056

Source notes

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 102Volume 102 Book of Later Jin 4: Emperor Yin Annals 2 · 1 passage
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Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 115Volume 115 Book of Later Zhou 17: Shizong Annals 2 · 1 passage
Open chapter
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 119Volume 119 Book of Later Zhou 21: Shizong Annals 6 · 8 passages
Open chapter
凱旋，駐蹕潞州，且欲出其不意以誅退衄者，乃置酒高會，指樊愛能等數人責之曰：「汝輩皆累朝宿將，非不能用兵者也，然退衄者無他，誠欲將寡人作物貨賣與劉崇爾。 Returning in triumph, he halted at Luzhou and planned to catch the defeated commanders off guard. At a grand banquet he pointed at Fan Aineng and several others and rebuked them: "You are veteran generals of successive reigns, not men who cannot fight—yet you fell back because you wished to sell me to Liu Chong like goods on the market.
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 130Volume 130 Book of Later Zhou 32: Biographies 10: Wang Jun, Murong Yanchao, Yan Honglu, Cui Zhoudu · 5 passages
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時永興軍節度使李洪信，漢室之密戚也，自太祖踐阼，恒有憂沮之意，而本城軍不滿千，峻出征至陜州，以救援晉州為辭，抽起數百人，及劉崇北遁，又遣禁兵千餘人，屯於京兆，洪信懼，遂請入朝。 Li Hongxin, military governor of Yongxing, was a close kinsman of the Han house. Since Guo Wei took the throne he had shown constant unease, yet his city garrison numbered fewer than a thousand. When Jun marched out and reached Shan, he used the relief of Jin Prefecture as a pretext to draft several hundred men from him; and when Liu Chong fled north, Jun sent more than a thousand palace guards to garrison Jingzhao. Hongxin was terrified and petitioned to come to court.
峻見使受宣訖，謂使曰：「與某馳還，附奏陛下，言晉州城堅，未易可破，劉崇兵鋒方銳，不可與力爭，所以駐兵者，待其氣衰耳，非臣怯也。 When Jun met the envoy and received the imperial message, he told him: "Ride back with me at once and report to His Majesty that Jin Prefecture's walls are strong and not easily taken, that Liu Chong's troops are at the height of their ardor and cannot be met head-on. I hold my army here only to wait until their spirit flags—not from cowardice.
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 141Volume 141: Treatises 3 Five Elements · 1 passage
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History of Liao, Chapter 5Volume 5 Annals 5: Shizong · 3 passages
Open chapter
History of Liao, Chapter 6Volume 6 Annals 6: Muzong 1 · 2 passages
Open chapter
History of Liao, Chapter 85Volume 85 Biographies 15: Xiao Talin, Xiao Guanyinnu, Yelu Tizi, Yelu Xieli, Yelu Nugua, Xiao Liu, Gao Xun, Xi Heshuonu, Xiao Taliege, Yelu Sahe · 1 passage
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu, Emperor Yin · 1 passage
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 11Volume 11 Later Zhou Annals 2: Taizu · 2 passages
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Later Zhou Annals 3: Shizong, Emperor Gong · 2 passages
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 19Volume 19: Taizu of Later Zhou's Family · 1 passage
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 31Volume 31 Later Zhou Biographies 11: Wang Pu, Zheng Renhui, Hu Zai · 1 passage
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Miscellaneous Biographies 30: Wang Jun, Wang Yin, Liu Ci, Wang Huan, Zhe Congruan · 5 passages
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 53Volume 53 Miscellaneous Biographies 33: Wang Jinchong, Zhao Suwan, Murong Yanchao · 2 passages
Open chapter
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 70Volume 70: Hereditary House of Eastern Han · 50 passages
Open chapter
隱帝少，政在大臣，周太祖為樞密使，新討三叛，立大功，而與旻素有隙，旻頗不自安，謂判官鄭珙曰：「主上幼弱，政在權臣，而吾與郭公不葉，時事如何？」 Yin was still a child, so state affairs were in the hands of the senior ministers. Guo Wei, lately appointed chief of the privy council, had just crushed the three major rebellions and won towering credit—yet he and Min had old grievances. Min grew increasingly uneasy and asked his staff officer Zheng Gong, "The Son of Heaven is young, and power sits with the men at court. Guo and I have never been on good terms—how do you read the situation?"
乃以周廣順元年正月戊寅即皇帝位于太原，以子承鈞為太原尹，判官鄭珙、趙華為宰相，都押衙陳光裕為宣徽使，遣通事舍人李𧦬間行使于契丹。 On the wuyin day of the first month of Guangshun 1, Min took the throne at Taiyuan, made Chengjun prefect of Taiyuan, appointed staff officers Zheng Qing and Zhao Hua as chancellors, named Chen Guangyu, chief military escort, Commissioner of the Palace Service, and sent Palace Communications Officer Li Gongyan as liaison envoy to the Khitan.
New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 71Volume 71: Timeline for the Hereditary Houses of the Ten Kingdoms · 11 passages
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