Overview
Wenxiang was a Grand Secretary.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Bochuan | 博川 | |
| Posthumous name | Wenzhong | 文忠 | Wenzhong |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1876 疏上，未幾卒Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 158, 210
- died before Chonghou was sent to RussiaDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 216
Attested activity
- AD 1868 同治七年Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 466, passages 32-33
- AD 1871 to AD 1876 中興樞臣／新疆軍事漸定議交還伊犁Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 213, 215
- AD 1876 光緒二年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 158-159
- AD 1875 光緒初Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 436, passage 22
- AD 1858 八年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 55
- AD 1864 同治三年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 75
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- AD 1863 同治二年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 73
- AD 1866 同治五年春Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 87
- AD 1862 同治元年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 72
- AD 1862 同治元年正月己亥Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 193, passages 33, 37
- AD 1869 同治八年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 93
- AD 1872 同治十一年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 97
- AD 1874 同治十三年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 104
- AD 1871 同治十年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 96
- AD 1865 同治四年Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 76
- AD 1851 to AD 1874 咸、同之間Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 270, 272-276
- AD 1856 咸豐六年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 53
- AD 1861 咸豐十一年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 70
- AD 1860 咸豐十年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 56-57; Draft History of Qing 423, passage 82
- AD 1860 咸豐十年八月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 56, 59
- AD 1860 咸豐十年十月Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 56, 62
- AD 1875 密陳大計疏Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 109, 111
- AD 1845 少與文祥同學Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 450, passage 41
- AD 1860 to AD 1861 從大學士文祥討平之Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 180
- AD 1876 文祥既歿（遣崇厚赴俄之前）Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 216
- AD 1875 是年冬Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 109
- AD 1874 to AD 1875 是年冬（同治十三年冬）Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 109
- AD 1862 to AD 1874 用大學士文祥薦Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 437, passage 7
- AD 1874 當台灣事平Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 156
- AD 1876 疏上，未幾卒Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 210-211
- AD 1845 道光二十五年Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 52
Family
Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.
- Parent of Xizhi (熙治)father 父
son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 92, 221 - Child of Mother of Wen Xiang (文祥母)mother 母Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 83, 93
- Kin of Kaizhao (凱肇)nephew 侄Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 75
- Parent of Xilian (熙聯)son 子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 82
- Kinship Role sons · Count 2Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 82, 92
- Kinship Role parents · Quantity unspecifiedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 53
Key source chapters
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 386 Volume 386 Biographies 173: Wen Qing, Wen Xiang, Bao Yun 25 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 436 Volume 436 Biographies 223: Shen Guifen, Li Hongzao, Weng Tonghe, Sun Yuwen 2 passages
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 193 Volume 193 Tables 33: Ministers of Boards and Courts Chronological Table 8 Lower 1 passage
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423 Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai 1 passage
- Draft History of Qing, Chapter 437 Volume 437 Biographies 224: Rong Lu, Wang Wenshao, Zhang Zhidong, Qu Hongji 1 passage
Origins and identity
- Manchu 滿洲Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 51
Career and standing
- Grand Councilor 樞臣Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 213
- Grand Council walking in attendance 軍機大臣上行走AD 1858 八年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 55
- Vice Minister of Rites 禮部侍郎AD 1858 八年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 55
- Manager of the Court of Colonial Affairs 管理藩院事務AD 1863 同治二年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 73
- Minister of Personnel 吏部尚書AD 1866 同治五年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 91
- Acting Minister of War 署兵部尚書AD 1862 同治元年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 72
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- Banner Commander 都統AD 1862 同治元年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 72
- Left Censor-in-Chief 左都御史AD 1862 同治元年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 72
- Minister of the Imperial Household 內務府大臣AD 1862 同治元年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 72
- Minister of Works 工部尚書AD 1862 同治元年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 72
- Left Censor-in-Chief 左都御史AD 1862 同治元年正月己亥 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 193, passages 33, 37
- Grand Secretary of the Tiren Pavilion 體仁閣大學士AD 1872 同治十一年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 97
- Associate Grand Secretary 協辦大學士AD 1871 同治十年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 96
- Acting Minister of Revenue 署戶部尚書AD 1865 同治四年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 76
- Acting Commander of the Plain Blue Banner Garrison 署正藍旗護軍統領AD 1860 咸豐十年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 61
- Acting Chief Commandant of the Metropolitan Gendarmerie 署步軍統領AD 1860 咸豐十年八月 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 59
- Director in the Board of Works 工部主事AD 1845 道光二十五年 · AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 52
- Director of the Zongli Yamen 總理各國事務HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 110
- Grand Councilor 軍機大臣HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 110
- Grand Secretary 大學士HeldDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 180
- Grand Tutor 太傅AD 1876 溫詔賜卹 · Posthumously appointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
- Grand Secretary of the Hall of Literary Glory 武英殿大學士AD 1875 是年冬 · Promoted toDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 109
- Bureau director 郎中PromotedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 52
- Minister of the Imperial Household 內務府大臣AD 1865 同治四年 · ResignedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 76
- Left Censor-in-Chief 左都御史AD 1862 同治元年閏八月丙申 · TransferredDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 193, passages 33, 37
- Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent 太子太保AD 1864 同治三年 · BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 75
- hereditary Captain of Cavalry 騎都尉世職AD 1876 溫詔賜卹 · GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
- induction into the Shrine of Worthies 入祀賢良祠AD 1876 溫詔賜卹 · GrantedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
- special edict of condolence sacrifice 特賜諭祭AD 1869 同治八年 · ReceivedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 93
- ContinuedAD 1869 同治八年 · IllnessDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 94
- ContinuedAD 1874 同治十三年 · On leaveDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 104
- EnteredAD 1869 同治八年 · MourningDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 93
- SufferedAD 1876 光緒二年 · IllnessDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 159
- SufferedChronic illnessDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 110
Places and affiliations
- Qing 清Relation ServedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 466, passage 33
- Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
- At Mukden 盛京Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 51
- AD 1865 同治四年前後At banner estate 旗 · Relation Returned toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 83
- AD 1865 同治四年秋At Eastern Tombs 東陵 · Relation Deployed toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 77
- AD 1865 to AD 1866 同治四年至五年At Fengtian 奉天 · Relation Campaigned inDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 84, 87
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- AD 1860 咸豐十年八月At Beijing 京 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 59
- AD 1876 歸葬盛京At Mukden 盛京 · Relation Buried atDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
- AD 1860 咸豐十年Organization Shenji Battalion 神機營 · Relation Manager ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 65
- AD 1860 咸豐十年Organization Zongli Yamen 總理各國事務衙門 · Relation Minister ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 63
- Organization Guwalgiya clan 瓜爾佳氏 · Relation Member ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 51
- Organization Manchu Plain Red Banner 滿洲正紅旗 · Relation Member ofDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 51
- Organization Zongli Yamen 總理衙門 · Relation Associated withDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 163, 177, 197
Learning and skills
- EarnedAD 1845 道光二十五年 · Credential jinshi 進士Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 52
Works and attributed material
- Foreign affairs briefingDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 100
- Memorialized requesting Zuo be given sole chargeDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 215
- Secret memorial on banner drillAD 1860 咸豐十年 · Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 65
- AD 1874 同治十三年Memorial · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 105-107
- AD 1875 密陳大計疏曰Memorial · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 111-154
- Memorial · Author · Paraphrased · Extent s0274Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 274
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- Memorial · Author · Direct quotation · With Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 159-209
- Memorial · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 78-80
Events and relationships
- AppointedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 193, passages 33, 37
- Asked to cancel mobilized transportDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 58
- Asked to leave Grand CouncilAD 1861 咸豐十一年 · Political · PetitionerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 70
- Asked to retireAD 1875 以久病請罷 · Political · PetitionerDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 109-110
- Assessed Senggelinqin and Sheng Bao forcesDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 66-67
- Backed Zuo Zongtang for sole charge of Ili return negotiationsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 215
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- Bore hardest burdensPolitical · MinisterDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 273
- Briefed emperor on foreign affairsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 100
- Declined Grand Council rewardsAD 1863 同治二年前後 · Political · DeclinerDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 74
- Defeated bandits at DongjingziAD 1865 to AD 1866 同治四年至五年 · Military · Commander · At Dongjingzi near Jinzhou 錦州東井子Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 84
- FoundedAD 1860 咸豐十年 · Military · Proposer · Organization Shenji Battalion 神機營Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 65
- Funeral libationsDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
- Guarded Eastern Tombs pursued banditsAD 1865 同治四年秋 · Military · Commander · At Xifeng Pass / Luanyang 喜峰口／灤陽Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 77
- Left troops with Duxing'aDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 89
- Lifted Changchun siege and routed banditsAD 1866 同治五年春 · Military · Commander · At Chaoyang Slope, Changtu 昌圖朝陽坡 · Outcome Captured or killed over 3000Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 87
- Memorial approved in fullPolitical · MemorialistDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 69
- Noted for provincial promotionAD 1856 咸豐六年 · Administrative · SubjectDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 53
- Opposed flight to ReheDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 56-57
- Peace talks with alliesDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 60
- Planned defense against Japan Taiwan threatAD 1874 同治十三年 · Military · Planner · At Taiwan 台灣Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 104
- Posthumous altar sacrificeDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 212
- Postwar settlement and zongli yamenDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 63
- Proposed coastal defenseDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 156-157
- Recalled gengshen crisisDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 176
- Relieved Fengtian and FushunDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 85-86
- Relieved of concurrent posts and retainedAD 1875 溫詔慰留，解諸兼職 · Political · Retained officialDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 109-110
- Remonstrated for Prince GongDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 101
- Requested empress dowagers regencyAD 1861 咸豐十一年十月 · Political · MemorialistDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 71
- Requested tax remission for FengtianAD 1866 同治五年 · Administrative · MemorialistDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 90
- Resigned gendarmerie commandAD 1860 咸豐十年 · Administrative · MemorialistDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 61
- Returned despite illness for Tianjin missionary caseAD 1870 同治九年前後 · Political · Official · At Tianjin 天津Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 95
- Returned to Beijing after campaignTravel · Returnee · At Beijing 京Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 81
- Sacrificial offeringDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
- Secretly memorialized great planPolitical · AuthorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 274
- Smoothed foreign relationsDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 270, 272
- Submitted secret memorial on grand strategyAD 1875 密陳大計疏 · Political · AuthorDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 109, 111
- Suppressed mounted bandits at ChaoyangDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 180
- Suppressed rebellionDated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 270, 272
- Taiwan japan settlement discussedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 194
- TransferredAD 1862 同治元年閏八月丙申 · Political · Office holderDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 193, passages 33, 37
- Urged return of courtAD 1860 咸豐十年十月 · Political · MemorialistDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 62
- Relation Colleague of · Person Kuang Yuan (匡源)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 58
- Relation Recommender of · Person Shen Baozhen (沈葆楨)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 68
- Relation Colleague of · Person Yixin (奕訢)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 60, 63, 98
- Relation Recommender of · Person Fuming'a (富明阿)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 67
- Relation Colleague of · Person Bao Yun (寶鋆)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 253
- Relation Recommender of · Person Liu Rong (劉蓉)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 68
- Relation Colleague of · Person Prince Gong (恭親王)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 156
- Relation Recommender of · Person Xu Jingcheng (許景澄)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 466, passage 33
- Relation Recommender of · Person Cheng Ming (成明)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 67
- Relation Minister of · Person Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 159, 161, 211
- Relation Minister of · Person Empress Dowager (皇太后)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 121-122
- Relation Colleague of · Person Du Han (杜翰)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 58
- Relation Assistant to · Person Prince Gong (恭親王)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 272
- Relation Minister of · Person Emperor Guangxu (德宗)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 109-110, 152
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment could not fully carry out his designs because court opinion was divided · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 273
- Assessment deeply alarmed by multiplying state troubles · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 111
- Assessment far-sighted state planning · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 215
- Assessment feared outcomes of Franco-Vietnamese crisis, weak coastal defense, incomplete navy, and defeat by Japan · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 218-220
- Assessment language of the memorial was urgent and uncompromising · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 108
- Assessment loyal and diligent; foremost Grand Councilor of the restoration era · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 213
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- Assessment met foreign affairs with loyalty and good faith without shirking · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 99
- Assessment put the public good before private interest and was trusted at home and abroad · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 273
- Assessment saw decades of success and failure in foreign relations as clearly as fire in daylight—a mirror of the dynasty fate · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 274
- Assessment shouldered the heaviest share of Zongli Yamen work · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 63
- Assessment stood with stern dignity and was deeply respected; court relied on him for stability · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 103
- Assessment truly a pillar of the state · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 276
- Assessment unmatched integrity; household lived as plainly as a poor scholar's · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 214
- upright in conduct, meticulous in statecraft, loyal and pure, bright and straightforward, sincere and fair—a pillar of the realm 清正持躬，精詳謀國，忠純亮直，誠懇公明，為國家股肱心膂之臣Assessment upright in conduct, meticulous in statecraft, loyal and pure, bright and straightforward, sincere and fair—a pillar of the realm · Mode edict Source Person Id Guangxu Emperor (光緒帝)Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
- AD 1876 溫詔賜卹Item three thousand taels of silver for the funeral 銀三千兩 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 211
Source notes
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 57, 109, 111
- Handled foreign affairs longer than any other minister and received the heaviest imperial favorDirectly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 150
References in the histories
33 passages
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