Du Chongwei (杜重威)

Overview

Du Chongwei was a Jin general who surrendered to the Khitans.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Du Wei	杜威	Dù Wēi

Life and dates

Death

AD 948 高祖崩
Cause Executed after Gaozu of Han died · At the market 市
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 53
AD 948 乾祐元年
Killed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 165
AD 948 帝崩
Execution · At the capital thoroughfare 通衢
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 70, 76
AD 948 杜重威被誅
Execution
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 126
AD 948 高祖崩
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 74

Attested activity

AD 944 開運元年
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 16
AD 945 開運二年冬
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 33, passage 144
AD 945 開運元年明年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 17-18, 21-22
AD 946 三年秋
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 24, 27, 31, 34
AD 946 三年秋
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 129, 131
AD 943 八年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 77

Show 75 more source-backed claims

AD 943 to AD 944 丁卯
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 71
AD 946 三年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 134
AD 946 三年冬
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 31
AD 947 三年十二月
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 178
AD 947 三年十二月己未
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 176
AD 946 三年十月辛未
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 173
AD 948 乾祐元年；殺杜重威
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 165
AD 947 二帥出入揚揚
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 123
AD 937 二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 7
AD 945 二年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 22, 27
AD 946 to AD 947 使死者無知則已…杜重威、李守貞
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 87
AD 946 先是…杜重威厚加贈遺
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 117-118
AD 944 八月辛丑朔，劉知遠為北面行營都統，順德軍
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 112
AD 941 六年十二月
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 160
AD 941 六年十二月戊戌
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 162
AD 943 to AD 944 出帝與契丹絕好
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 14-15
AD 947 十二月丙寅
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 133, 166
AD 946 十二月八日
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 34, 40
AD 947 十月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 50-51
AD 938 to AD 941 又徙領天平，遷侍衛親軍都指揮使
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 7
AD 947 四年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 29
AD 947 圍之百餘日
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 43, 48-49
AD 949 天祿三年秋八月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 86, passage 42
AD 942 天福七年冬
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 181
AD 936 to AD 944 天福中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 96, passage 32
AD 937 天福二年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passages 73, 82
AD 937 天福二年後；代知遠領忠武
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 9
AD 943 天福八年冬十月壬子
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 34
AD 936 天福初
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 6
AD 947 天福十二年；天雄軍節度使反
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 157
AD 939 天福四年三月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 78, passage 45
AD 947 契丹之後
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 69, passage 62
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 43-45
AD 946 契丹犯京师
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passages 33, 87
AD 946 to AD 947 契丹犯京師
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 36, 38
AD 945 守貞與重威等攻下泰州
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 61
AD 941 to AD 942 安重榮反
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 8, 11
AD 926 to AD 933 少事明宗
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 4
AD 942 少帝嗣位
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 18
AD 948 帝崩
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 68-76
AD 937 從侯益攻破張從賓於汜水
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 5
AD 944 從出帝幸澶州
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 58-59
AD 947 明年，契丹北歸
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 39-40
AD 947 明年三月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 46
AD 936 to AD 942 晉天福中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 3
AD 936 to AD 944 晉天福中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passages 123-125
AD 946 會同九年
Directly stated · History of Liao 76, passage 7
AD 946 會同九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 85, passage 82
AD 945 會同八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 113, passage 9
AD 947 杜重威反於魏
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 56
AD 946 杜重威遂與守貞歸命契丹
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 121
AD 947 漢高祖定京師
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 41-42
AD 947 to AD 948 漢高祖討杜重威
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 50, passage 60
AD 937 to AD 938 範延光反於鄴
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 6
AD 948 累官至陳州刺史
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 77
AD 937 to AD 938 與楊光遠降範延光
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
AD 946 討石重貴
Directly stated · History of Liao 75, passage 115
AD 946 遂與重威降於契丹
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 63, 65, 70
AD 948 重威敗
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 79-81
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 12-13
AD 946 開運三年冬十月辛未
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 3
AD 946 開運三年十一月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 18
AD 946 開運三年十二月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 39
AD 946 開運三年十月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 101, 116
AD 944 to AD 946 開運中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 193
AD 945 開運二年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 51, 53, 58-59
AD 945 開運二年春
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 102
AD 944 開運元年春正月甲午
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passages 74, 89
AD 944 開運元年秋
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 21
AD 946 開運末
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 9
AD 936 高祖即帝位
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 1-2, 4
AD 948 高祖崩
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 53, 74
AD 948 高祖晏駕，杜重威被誅
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 126
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 53-67
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 47-49

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Xing (興)
grandfather 祖 · paternal line · 2 generations
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 2
Kin of Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin (晉高祖)
brother-in-law 姻 · Through Grand Princess of Song (宋國大長公主)
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 5
Child of Duijin (堆金)
father 父 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 3
Parent of Hongzhang (宏璋)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 70
Parent of Hongjie (宏傑)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 70
Parent of Hongsui (宏遂)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 48, 56
Parent of Honglian (宏璉)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 70, 77
Parent of Du Hongcan (杜弘璨)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 53
Parent of Son of Du Chongwei (杜重威之子)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 59
Parent of Du Hongzhang (杜弘璋)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 53
Parent of Du Hongsui (杜弘璲)
son 子
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 53
Spouse of Lady Shi (石氏)
wife 妻 · Uncertain parentage
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 46, 56
Spouse of Wife of Du Zhongwei (杜重威之妻)
wife 妻 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 49
Spouse of Grand Princess of Song (宋國大長公主)
wife 妻
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 5
Spouse of Lady Shi (石氏)
wife 妻 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 3, 40

Kinship Role collateral kin · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 75
Kinship Role descendants · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 81
Kinship Role Jin princesses · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 75

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

ancestors were men of Shuozhou; in recent generations the family moved to Taiyuan
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 1

Career and standing

guardsman of the Imperial Guard 護聖軍校
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 4
military governor of Guide 歸德軍節度使
AD 947 漢高祖定京師 · Appointed and refused
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 41
Director of the Secretariat 中書令
AD 947 圍之百餘日 · Appointed concurrently
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 50
northern campaign commissioner 北面行營招討使
AD 944 開運元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 16
regent of Yedu 鄴都留守
AD 945 開運元年明年 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 22
Grand Tutor 太傅
AD 946 三年秋 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 35

Show 64 more source-backed claims

military governor of Luzhou 潞州節度使
AD 937 二年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 7
defender of the Eastern Capital at Ye 鄴都留守
AD 945 二年 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 27
military governor of Chengde 成德軍節度使
AD 942 以功拜重威成德軍節度使 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 11
Zhenzhou field-army campaign commissioner 鎮州行營招討使
AD 941 六年十二月 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 160
acting Grand Tutor 守太傅
AD 946 十二月八日 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 40
acting Grand Preceptor 檢校太師
AD 947 圍之百餘日 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 50
probationary Grand Tutor 守太傅
AD 947 圍之百餘日 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 50
acting prefect of Yan 延州留後
AD 943 天福八年冬十月壬子 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 34
commander of the palace guard 典禁軍
AD 936 天福初 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 6
prefect of Shuzhou in absentia 遙授舒州刺史
AD 936 天福初 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 6
co-equal with the chief ministers 同平章事
AD 938 徙領忠武，加同平章事 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 6
military governor of Luzhou 潞州節度使
AD 937 從侯益攻破張從賓於汜水 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 5
Grand Commandant 太尉
AD 947 漢高祖定京師 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 41
co-director of the Secretariat-Chancellery 同平章事
AD 937 to AD 938 與楊光遠降範延光 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
deputy commander of the palace guard cavalry and infantry 侍衛親軍馬步軍副指揮使
AD 937 to AD 938 與楊光遠降範延光 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
overall repression commissioner of the northern front 北面行營都招討使
AD 946 辛未 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 173
campaign commander 招討使
AD 946 遂與重威降於契丹 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 69
military governor of Chengde 成德軍節度使
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 13
northern campaign pacification commissioner 北面行營招討使
AD 946 開運三年十月 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 101, 116
deputy pacification commissioner 招討副使
AD 944 開運元年春正月甲午 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 89
northern campaign commissioner 北面行營招討使
AD 944 開運元年秋 · Appointed
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 21
governor of Shuzhou 舒州刺史
AD 936 高祖即帝位 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 4
in charge of the palace guard 典禁兵
AD 936 高祖即帝位 · Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 4
acting Grand Preceptor 檢校太師
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 56
acting Grand Tutor 守太傅
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 56
Director of the Secretariat 兼中書令
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 56
acting Grand Commandant 守太尉
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 47
military governor of Songzhou 宋州節度使
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 47
commissioner of the imperial escort camp 隨駕御營使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 11
grand councilor 同中書門下平章事
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 78, passage 45
overall commander of the northern field army 北面行營都招討使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 3
overall repression commissioner 都招討使
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 開運元年八月辛丑朔 · Western Year: AD 944
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 112
former defense commissioner of Feng 前鳳州防禦使
Former
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 34
overall campaign commander 都招討使
AD 946 三年秋 · Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 129
military governor of Tianping 天平節度使
AD 941 六年十二月 · Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 160
military governor of Tianxiong 天雄軍節度使
AD 947 天福十二年 · Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 157
acting prefect of Fangzhou 防州刺史
AD 926 to AD 933 少事明宗 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 4
northern campaign commissioner 北面招討使
AD 944 從出帝幸澶州 · Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 58
pacification commissioner 招討使
AD 945 開運二年春 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 102
military commissioner of Hengzhou 恒州節度使
AD 944 開運元年春正月甲午 · Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 89
Military governor of Dongping then Changshan 鎮東平、常山
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 96, passage 32
military governor of the Tianxiong army 天雄軍節度使
Held · Mode named-source-report Source Work Longping ji 隆平集
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 79
military governor of the Zhongwu Army 忠武軍節度使
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 78, passage 45
acting administrator of Yan 權知延州軍州事
Held
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 34
commander of the Palace Personal Guard 侍衛親軍都指揮使
AD 938 to AD 941 又徙領天平，遷侍衛親軍都指揮使 · Promoted
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 7
commander of the palace guard cavalry and infantry 侍衛親軍馬步軍都指揮使
Promoted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 9, 11
northern campaign commissioner 北面行營招討使
AD 946 三年秋 · Reappointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 24
military governor of Tianping 天平
AD 938 to AD 941 又徙領天平，遷侍衛親軍都指揮使 · Transferred
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 7
military governor of Zhongwu 忠武
AD 938 徙領忠武，加同平章事 · Transferred
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 6
military governor of Xu Prefecture 許州節度使
AD 937 to AD 938 與楊光遠降範延光 · Transferred
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
military governor of Yunzhou 鄆州節度使
Transferred
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 9
Entered
AD 947 天福十二年 · Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 157
Rose from
Common soldier
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 12
Surrendered to khitan
Defector
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 178
forced levy of ten thousand strings 配借萬緡
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛 · Assessed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 43
levy of ten thousand strings of cash 率萬緡
AD 946 to AD 947 契丹犯京師 · Assessed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 38
refusal of court orders / shutting the city 閉城拒命
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕 · Defied
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 48
arrest and beheading 收…處斬
AD 948 帝崩 · Executed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 70, 74
Executed
AD 948 杜重威被誅 · Execution
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 126
execution 誅
AD 948 高祖崩 · Executed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 53
exemption from the levy 免之
AD 946 to AD 947 契丹犯京師 · Exempted
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 39
surrender and pardon with restored standing 請罪…許其如初
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城 · Pardoned · Authority Emperor Gaozu (高祖)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 55-56
exemption from the levy 免之
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛 · Pardoned · Authority Khitan khan (契丹主)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 44
pardon 赦
AD 947 圍之百餘日 · Pardoned · Authority Gaozu of Han (漢高祖)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 50

Places and affiliations

AD 946 三年秋
Polity Id liao · Polity Khitan 契丹 · Relation Surrendered to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 31, 34
AD 947 十二月丙寅
Polity Id liao · Polity Khitan 契丹 · Relation Surrendered to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 133
AD 946 十二月八日
Polity Id liao · Relation Surrendered to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 38, 40
AD 947 四年
Polity Id liao · Relation Surrendered to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 29
AD 936 天福初
Polity Later Jin 晉 · Relation Served
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 6
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛
Polity Khitan 契丹 · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 43-46

Show 36 more source-backed claims

AD 926 to AD 933 少事明宗
Polity Later Tang 後唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 4
AD 946 歸命契丹
Polity Id liao · Polity Khitan 契丹 · Relation Surrendered to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 121
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕
Polity Later Han 後漢 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 47
Khitan 契丹
Relation Defected to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 178
Later Jin 晉
Relation Served
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 173
Polity Later Han 漢 · Relation Served then resisted
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 41
Polity Later Jin 後晉 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passages 34, 89; Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 77; Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 102, 116
Polity Later Jin 晉 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 71; Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 181; New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 4, 36, 58-59
At Shuozhou 朔州 · Relation Ancestral place
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 1
At Shuozhou 朔州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 2
AD 945 開運元年明年
At Yedu 鄴都 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 22, 39
AD 946 三年冬
At Zhongdu Bridge 中渡橋 · Relation Encamped at
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 33
AD 937 二年
At Luzhou 潞州 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 7
AD 945 二年
At Yangcheng 陽城 · Relation Besieged at
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 23
AD 945 二年
At Ye 鄴都 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 27
AD 942 以功拜重威成德軍節度使
At Zhenzhou 鎮州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 11, 21
AD 946 十二月八日
At Chenqiao 陳橋 · Relation Quartered at
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 41
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛
At Chanzhou 澶州 · Relation Related to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 45
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛
At the capital 京城 · Relation Present at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 43
AD 926 to AD 933 少事明宗
At Fangzhou 防州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 4
AD 937 從侯益攻破張從賓於汜水
At Luzhou 潞州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 5
AD 947 明年三月
At Xiangzhou 相州 · Relation Traveled to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 46
AD 946 會兵於鄴
At Ye 鄴 · Relation Stationed at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 117-118
AD 937 to AD 938 與楊光遠降範延光
At Yecheng 鄴城 · Relation Campaigned at
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
AD 946 遂與重威降於契丹
At Weizhou 魏州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 65
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵
At Changshan 常山 · Relation Captured
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 13
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵
At Chengde 成德軍 · Relation Posted to
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 13, 15
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵
At Zongcheng 宗城 · Relation Fought at
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 12
AD 936 高祖即帝位
At Shuzhou 舒州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 4
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城
At Yecheng 鄴城 · Relation Defended
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 50-51, 53-54, 56-57
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕
At Songzhou 宋州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 47
At Du Wei's garden pavilion 杜威園亭 · Relation Owned
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 71
At Shuozhou 朔州 · Relation Native of
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 2
At Taiyuan 太原 · Relation Family settled at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 1
At Xu Prefecture 許州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
At Yunzhou 鄆州 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 9

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Addressee Khitan 契丹 · Mode quotation Speaker Du Chongwei (杜重威)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 38
AD 946 三年秋
Surrender document · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 34
AD 945 二年
Memorial · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 26
AD 945 二年
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 24
AD 946 十二月八日
Surrender memorial · Author · Paraphrased · With Gao Xun (高勛)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 38
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛
Speech · Speaker · With Khitan khan (契丹主) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 43

Show 5 more source-backed claims

AD 948 帝崩
Edict · Subject · Direct quotation · Mode official-document
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 71-75
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城
Memorial · Principal · With Emperor Gaozu (高祖)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 55
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode named-source-report Source Work Zizhi Tongjian 通鑒
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 17
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · Mode quotation Speaker Du Chongwei (杜重威)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 19, 23
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 30

Events and relationships

Accepted advice and won
Military · Commander · With Wang Chongyi (王重裔)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passages 124-125
Agreed to vanguard plan
AD 945 開運二年十二月 · Military · Commander · With Wang Qing (王清)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 58
Announced surrender to generals
AD 946 三年秋 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 32-34
Announced surrender
AD 946 十二月八日 · Political · Commander
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 37
Bade farewell at Khitan camp
AD 947 明年，契丹北歸 · Diplomatic · Actor · With Lady Shi (石氏)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 40
Beheaded
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵 · Military · Commander · With An Chongrong (安重榮) · At Changshan 常山
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 13

Show 87 more source-backed claims

Campaigned against Zhang Congbin
Military · Suppression commander · With Zhang Congbin (張從賓)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 73
Campaigned against Zhen
AD 942 天福七年冬 · Military · Commander · At Zhen Prefecture 鎮州 · With An Chongrong (安重榮)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 181
Campaigned with
AD 937 二年 · Military · Commander · With Hou Yi (候益)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 7
Campaigned with
AD 937 to AD 938 與楊光遠降範延光 · Military · Commander · With Yang Tan (楊檀)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
Campaigned
AD 946 三年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passages 134, 136
Captured Sishui Pass
Military · Commander
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 82
Captured city
AD 942 以功拜重威成德軍節度使 · Military · Commander · With An Chongrong (安重榮) · At Zhenzhou 鎮州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 11
Captured
AD 945 開運元年明年 · Military · Commander · At Taizhou 泰州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 17
Cursed for jin collapse
Political · Blamed · Mode speech Speaker Empress Dowager (太后)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 17, passage 87
Defeated Khitan at Yangcheng and Weicun
Military · Commander · From Source Date: Text: 開運二年三月庚申 · Western Year: AD 945
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 136
Defeated
AD 937 二年 · Military · Commander · With Zhang Congbin (張從賓) · At Sishui 汜水
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 7
Defeated
AD 941 六年十二月戊戌 · Military · Commander · With An Chongrong (安重榮) · At Zongcheng 宗城
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passage 162
Defeated
AD 937 從侯益攻破張從賓於汜水 · Military · Commander · With Zhang Congbin (張從賓) · At Sishui 汜水
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 5
Defeated
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵 · Military · Commander · With An Chongrong (安重榮) · At Zongcheng 宗城
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 12
Encamped facing enemy
AD 946 三年秋 · Military · Commander · At Zhongdu Bridge 中渡橋
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 27
Encamped Jin troops
AD 946 to AD 947 契丹犯京師 · Military · Commander · At Chenqiao 陳橋
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 36
Encamped
AD 947 十二月己未 · Military · Commander · At Zhongdu Ford 中渡
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 176
Encamped
AD 947 四年 · Military · Commander · At Hutuo River 滹水
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 29
Fled and was trapped
AD 945 開運元年明年 · Military · Commander · At Yangcheng 陽城
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 18
Fog rose over surrendered army
AD 946 十二月八日 · Omen · Subject
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 39
Forbade pursuit
AD 945 二年 · Military · Commander · At Yangcheng 陽城
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 24
Forced surrender
AD 937 to AD 938 範延光反於鄴 · Military · Commander · With Fan Yanguang (範延光) · At Ye 鄴
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 6
Forced surrender
AD 937 to AD 938 與楊光遠降範延光 · Military · Commander · With Fan Yanguang (範延光) · At Yecheng 鄴城
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 8
Fought
AD 941 to AD 942 安重榮反 · Military · Commander · With An Chongrong (安重榮) · At Zongcheng 宗城
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 8, 10
Gave gifts and flattery
Diplomatic · Giver · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞) · At Ye 鄴都
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 117
Held army still
AD 946 三年秋 · Military · Commander · With Song Yanjun (宋彥筠)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 28
Held walls and did not relieve towns
AD 942 少帝嗣位 · Military · Frontier commander
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 18-20
Hesitated and did not advance
AD 945 開運二年十二月 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 59
Imposed surcharges
Administrative · Governor · At Chengde 成德
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 15
Led expedition
AD 946 三年冬 · Military · Commander · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞) · At Ying and Mo 瀛、鄚
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 31
Led Jin army following Khitan
AD 946 十二月八日 · Military · Commander · At Eastern Capital 東京
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 41
Left post without authorization
AD 945 二年 · Administrative · Commander
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 26-27
Left post without awaiting reply
AD 945 開運元年明年 · Travel · Actor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 22
Made northern pacification commissioner with Shouzhen as army supervisor
AD 946 開運三年十月 · Military · Commander · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 101, 116
Marched north with Shouzhen and gained the victory at Yangcheng
AD 945 開運二年春 · Military · Pacification commissioner · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞) · At Yangcheng 陽城
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 102
Memorialized to return to capital
AD 945 開運元年明年 · Political · Petitioner · At Zhenzhou 鎮州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 21
Northern campaign
AD 943 八年 · Military · Commander · With Liang Hanzhang (梁漢璋)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 77
Northern expedition
AD 945 開運二年春三月 · Military · Commander · At Yangcheng 陽城
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 51
Opened surrender to Khitans
AD 947 四年 · Political · Surrenderer
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 29
Presented tribute
AD 947 明年三月 · Diplomatic · Tribute bearer · With Khitan khan (契丹主) · At Xiangzhou 相州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 46
Protested levy
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛 · Fiscal · Assessed person · With Khitan khan (契丹主)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 43-44
Rebelled at Wei; later surrendered
Military · Rebel
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 56, 64
Rebelled and surrendered
AD 947 三年十二月 · Military · Defector · Counterpart Khitan 契丹 · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞), Zhang Yanze (張彥澤)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passage 178
Rebelled and surrendered
AD 947 十二月丙寅 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 133
Refused appointment and was besieged
AD 947 圍之百餘日 · Military · Defender · At Ye 鄴
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 41, 43, 48
Refused bridge plan
AD 946 三年秋 · Military · Commander · With Li Gu (李穀)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 29
Refused pursuit and withdrew
AD 945 開運元年明年 · Military · Commander · At Yangcheng 陽城
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 19-20
Refused surrender terms
AD 947 十月 · Military · Defender
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 50
Requisitioned money and silk
AD 945 二年 · Administrative · Governor
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 26
Resisted
Military · Commander · With An Chongrong (安重榮)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 123
Retreated and was surrounded
AD 945 二年 · Military · Commander · At Yangcheng 陽城 · With Khitan ruler (契丹主)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 23
Returned to post
AD 947 契丹據京師括率錢帛 · Administrative · Sent back · At his circuit 藩
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 45
Reviled by townspeople
AD 946 十二月八日 · Personal · Subject
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 42
Reviled by townspeople
AD 946 to AD 947 契丹犯京師 · Personal · Actor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 37
Secretly requested surrender
AD 946 三年秋 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 31
Seized treasury and private fortune
AD 942 以功拜重威成德軍節度使 · Military · Commander · With An Chongrong (安重榮) · At Zhenzhou 鎮州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 13
Shut city and did not rescue
AD 943 to AD 944 出帝與契丹絕好 · Military · Garrison commander · At Zhenzhou 鎮州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 14-15
Shut gates and defied court
AD 947 高祖車駕至闕 · Military · Defender
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 48
Sounded out surrender
AD 946 十二月八日 · Diplomatic · Secret negotiator · With Khitan ruler (契丹主)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 35
Surrendered at Hutuo River
AD 947 會同 · Military · Surrendering general
Directly stated · History of Liao 113, passage 126
Surrendered in plain dress
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城 · Military · Surrendering commander · With Emperor Gaozu (高祖) · At Yecheng 鄴城
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 55-56
Surrendered to Khitan
Military · Commander · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 121
Surrendered
AD 946 十二月十日 · Military · Commander · With Yelü Deguang (德光)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 137, passage 137
Surrendered
AD 947 圍之百餘日 · Political · Actor · With Gaozu of Han (漢高祖)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 49-50
Surrendered
AD 946 遂與重威降於契丹 · Military · Commander · At Zhongdu 中渡
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 70
Surrendered
AD 944 to AD 946 開運中 · Military · Surrenderer
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 193
Surrendered
AD 946 開運末 · Surrender · Actor · With Khitan emperor (契丹主)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 9
Surrendered
Military · Commander · With Khitan lord (契丹主) · At Zhongdu 中渡
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 85, passage 39
Surrendered
Military · Commander
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 29, passage 87
Swaggered in capital without shame
Political · Subject · With Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 123
Took prefecture
AD 945 十一月 · Military · Commander · At Ying prefecture 瀛州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 53
Took towns
AD 945 二年 · Military · Commander · At Xinzhou, Mancheng, and Suicheng 新州、滿城、遂城
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 22
Withdrew and encamped
AD 946 三年秋 · Military · Commander · At Wuqiang 武強
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 26
Withdrew to
AD 945 二年 · Military · Commander · At Changshan 常山
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 25
Withdrew west
AD 945 十一月 · Military · Commander · At Hutuo River toward Changshan 滹水而西將保常山
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 53
Withdrew
AD 946 三年冬 · Military · Commander · At Yingzhou 瀛州
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 33
AD 945 二年
Relation Succeeded by · Person Ma Quanjie (馬全節)
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 27
Relation Subordinate of · Person Hou Yi (侯益)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 5
Relation Recommended by · Person Feng Dao (馮道)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 11
Relation Commander of · Person Wang Qing (王清)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passages 51, 53
Relation Deputy of · Person Liu Zhiyuan (劉知遠)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 89
Relation Colleague of · Person Li Shouzhen (李守貞)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 9, passages 173, 178; New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 65, 69
Relation Opponent of · Person An Chongrong (安重榮)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 8, passages 160, 162
Relation Recommended by · Person Li Song (李崧)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 11
Relation Surrendered to · Person Khitan emperor (契丹主)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 106, passage 9
Relation Subordinate of · Person Gaozu of Jin (晉高祖)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 4, 6
Relation Served · Person Emperor Mingzong (明宗)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 4

Assessments and attributes

Assessment already harbored disloyal intentions · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 31
Assessment as commander exercised no restraint · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 59
Assessment crowds cursed, kicked, and tore the corpses · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 76
Assessment cursed by Empress Li at her deathbed · Mode quotation Speaker Empress Dowager Li (李氏)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 86, passage 42
Assessment disloyal and resentful, unfit for command · Mode named-source-report
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 64
Assessment dull and credulous · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 36

Show 16 more source-backed claims

Assessment Emperor Gaozu knew of the appropriation but did not inquire · Assessor Person Id Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin (晉高祖) · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 14
Assessment one of the three men who completed Jin's calamity · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 166-167, 171
Assessment secretly already turned traitor to the state · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 59
Assessment showed no shame when cursed by townspeople · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 123
Assessment still nurses treason; owl-and-viper nature · Mode official-document
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 71
Assessment wherever posted he extorted wealth until the people fled · Mode named-source-report Source Work Zizhi Tongjian 通鑒
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 17
Assessment without moral restraint and ignorant of generalship · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 12
AD 945 開運元年明年
Item more than a hundred thousand hu of private grain 私粟十餘萬斛 · Relation Possessed · At Zhenzhou 鎮州
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 23
AD 946 三年秋
Item russet robe 赭袍 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passage 35
AD 946 十二月八日
Item imperial reddish robe 赭袍 · Relation Made to wear
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 40
AD 948 帝崩
Item corpse displayed in the street 陳屍於通衢 · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 76
AD 941 to AD 942 鎮州安重榮稱兵
Item An Chongrong's household wealth and the public treasury of Changshan 重榮家財及常山公帑 · Relation Appropriated
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 14
AD 947 to AD 948 高祖親征鄴城
Item private treasury 私帑 · Relation Possessed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 67
Item garden pavilion 園亭 · Relation Possessed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 82, passage 71
Item more than a hundred thousand bushels of grain 粟十餘萬斛 · Relation Possessed · At Zhenzhou 鎮州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 28
Item tens of thousands of bolts of silk 絹數萬匹 · Relation Received in compensation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 29

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 95, passage 181; Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passages 1, 43, 102; New History of the Five Dynasties 52, passages 1, 41, 63, 129, 133
restored to court dress and granted audience the day of surrender
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 56
shared food and clothing to keep Zhang Lian's trapped Yan troops loyal during the siege
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 109, passage 63
dropped Chong under Jin Outgoing Emperor to avoid taboo; restored under Han
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 10, passage 157

References in the histories

Search passages

History

193 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 78Volume 78 Book of Later Jin 4: Gaozu Annals 4 · 1 passage

Open chapter

己未，皇子開封尹鄭王重貴、歸德軍節度使兼侍衛親軍馬步軍都指揮使劉知遠、忠武軍節度使杜重威，並加同中書門下平章事。 On the jiwei day, Prince Chonggui of Zheng, administrator of Kaifeng; Liu Zhiyuan, military governor of the Guide Army and commander of the palace guard horse and foot; and Du Chongwei, military governor of the Zhongwu Army—all were promoted to grand councilor.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 82Volume 82 Book of Later Jin 8: Emperor Shao 2 · 3 passages

Open chapter

壬子，以權知延州軍州事、前鳳州防禦使杜威為延州留後。 On renzi Du Wei, acting administrator of Yan and former Feng defense commissioner, was made acting prefect of Yan.

丁卯，詔宣徽使劉繼勛就杜威園亭會節度使統軍等習射。 On dingmao an edict had Palace Secretariat commissioner Liu Jixun gather commissioners and army commanders for archery at Du Wei's garden.

甲午，以北京留守劉知遠為幽州道行營招討使，以恒州節度使杜威副之，定州節度使馬全節為都虞候，其職員將校委招討使便宜署置。 On jiawu Northern Capital garrison commander Liu Zhiyuan was made pacification commissioner for the Youzhou campaign, with Heng commissioner Du Wei as deputy and Ding commissioner Ma Quanjie as chief adjutant; staff and generals were left to the commissioner's discretion.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 85Volume 85 Book of Later Jin 11: Emperor Shao 4 · 11 passages

Open chapter

辛未，以鄴都留守杜威為北面行營都招討使，以侍衛親軍都指揮使、鄆州節度使李守貞為兵馬都監，兗州安審琦為左右廂都指揮使，徐州符彥卿為馬軍左廂都指揮使，滑州皇甫遇為馬軍右廂都指揮使，貝州梁漢璋為馬軍都排陣使，前鄧州宋彥筠為步軍左廂都指揮使，奉國左廂都指揮使王饒為步軍右廂都指揮使，洺州團練使薛懷讓為先鋒都指揮使。 On xinwei Du Wei, military governor of Yedu, was appointed overall commander of the northern field army; Li Shouzhen, commander of the Imperial Guard and military governor of Yunzhou, became overall supervisor of troops and horses; An Shenqi of Yanzhou commanded both wings; Fu Yanqing of Xuzhou the left wing of cavalry; Huangfu Yu of Huazhou the right wing of cavalry; Liang Hanzhang of Beizhou marshal of the cavalry array; Song Yanyun, former prefect of Dengzhou, the left wing of infantry; Wang Rao of the Fengguo left wing the right wing of infantry; and Xue Huairang, regimental trainer of Mozhou, vanguard commander.

是月，北面行營招討使杜威率諸將領大軍自鄴北征，師次瀛州城下，貝州節度使梁漢璋戰死。 That month Du Wei, northern field commander, marched a great army north from Ye with his generals; the force halted below Yingzhou, where Liang Hanzhang, military governor of Beizhou, was killed in battle.

杜威等以漢璋之敗，遂收軍而退。 After Hanzhang's defeat Du Wei and his commanders withdrew the army.

己未，杜威奏，駐軍於中渡橋。 On jiwei Du Wei reported that the army was encamped at Zhongdu Bridge.

辛酉，詔澤潞、鄴都、邢洺、河陽運糧赴中渡，杜威遣人口奏軍前事宜，勢迫故也。 On xinyou Ze-Lu, Yedu, Xing-Mo, and Heyang were ordered to ship grain to Zhongdu; Du Wei sent couriers to report orally from the front because the crisis was acute.

壬申，始聞杜威、李守貞等以此月十日率諸軍降於契丹。 On renshen came the first report that on the tenth Du Wei, Li Shouzhen, and the rest had surrendered the armies to the Khitans.

孫臣某言：今月十七日寅時，相州節度使張彥澤、都監傅住兒部領大軍入京，賫到翁皇帝賜太后書示，於滹沱河降下杜重威一行馬步兵士，見領蕃漢步騎來幸汴州者。 Your grandson-subject reports: at the yin hour on the seventeenth Zhang Yanzhe, military governor of Xiangzhou, and chief inspector Fu Zhu'er entered the capital with a great army, bringing the letter the Imperial Father sent the empress dowager; Du Chongwei's horse and foot had surrendered at the Hutuo, and Khitan and Han forces were now marching on Bianzhou.

帝過中渡橋，閱前杜威營寨之跡，慨然憤嘆，謂左右曰：「我家何負，為此賊所破，天乎！ Crossing Zhongdu Bridge the emperor looked over Du Wei's old camp, sighed in rage, and said to his attendants, "What had my house done to be ruined by this traitor—O Heaven!

以駙馬都尉杜重威等領駕下精兵甲禦之於中流渡橋。 Du Chongwei, Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Son-in-Law, and others led the court's best armored troops to meet them at Zhongliu Crossing.

既而契丹之眾已深入，而重威等奏報未到朝廷。 The Khitans had already penetrated deep inland before Chongwei's reports reached court.

未幾，杜重威之徒降於契丹，少主遂北遷。）〉 Soon Chongwei and his men surrendered to the Khitans, and the Young Lord was driven north.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 86Volume 86 Book of Later Jin 12: Biographies 1: Empresses and Consorts · 1 passage

Open chapter

三年秋八月，晉李太后病，無醫藥，仰天號泣，戟手罵杜重威、李守貞曰：「吾死不置汝。」 In the eighth month of autumn of the third year Empress Li of Jin fell ill; there were no medicines; she wept to Heaven and, pointing with her hand, cursed Du Chongwei and Li Shouzhen, saying: "When I die I will not let you go."

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 95Volume 95 Book of Later Jin 21: Biographies 10: Huang Fuyu, Wang Qing, Liang Hanzhang, Bai Fengjin, Lu Shunmi, Zhou Huan, Shen Yun, Wu Luan, Di Zhang, Cheng Fuyun, Guo Lin · 9 passages

Open chapter

四年，契丹復至，從杜重威營滹水，重威送款於契丹，遇不預其議，及降，心不平之。 In the fourth year the Khitans returned. Huang Fuyu followed Du Chongwei's encampment on the Hutuo River. Chongwei opened surrender negotiations with the Khitans; Huang Fuyu had not been party to the decision, and when the surrender came he was deeply resentful.

開運二年春三月，從杜重威北征，解陽城之圍，加檢校司徒。 In the third month, in spring of the second year of Kaiyun, he followed Du Chongwei on the northern expedition, lifted the siege of Yangcheng, and was promoted to honorary Minister of Works.

十一月，從杜重威收瀛州，聞契丹大至，重威率諸軍沿滹水而西，將保常山，及至中渡橋，契丹已屯於北岸。 In the eleventh month he followed Du Chongwei in taking Ying prefecture. Hearing that the Khitans had arrived in force, Chongwei led the armies west along the Hutuo River intending to hold Changshan; when they reached Zhongdu Bridge the Khitans were already encamped on the north bank.

清知勢蹙，謂重威曰：「軍去常山五里，守株於此，營孤食盡，將若之何！ Seeing the situation was critical, Wang Qing said to Chongwei, "Changshan is only five li away. To sit here like a stump while the camp is isolated and provisions run out — what then!

重威可之，遣宋彥筠俱行。 Chongwei agreed and sent Song Yanyun to go with him.

清一擊獲其橋，契丹為之小卻，重威猶豫不進，密已貳於國矣。 With one assault Wang Qing seized the bridge and the Khitans gave ground slightly; Chongwei hesitated and did not advance — secretly he had already turned traitor.

是歲，詔領千騎戍冀州，尋以杜重威北討，詔以漢璋充北面馬軍都排陣使，遣收淤口關，與契丹騎五千相遇於浮陽之北界，苦戰竟日，以眾寡不侔，為流矢所中，歿於陣，即是歲十一月也，時年四十九。 That year an edict ordered him to lead a thousand cavalry to garrison Ji prefecture. Soon, on Du Chongwei's northern campaign, an edict appointed Hanzhang chief array marshal of the northern horse army and sent him to recover Yukou Pass. He met five thousand Khitan cavalry at the northern border of Fuyang and fought bitterly all day. Outnumbered, he was struck by a stray arrow and died in the line — it was the eleventh month of that year; he was forty-nine.

天福七年冬，杜重威討鎮州，與安重榮大戰於宗城，以功遷洺州團練使、檢校太保，未幾，入為奉國左廂都指揮使。 In the winter of the seventh year of Tianfu, Du Chongwei campaigned against Zhen prefecture and fought a great battle with An Chongrong at Zongcheng. For merit he was transferred to militia training commissioner of Ming prefecture and honorary Grand Guardian; before long he entered court as commander of the left wing of the Fengguo Army.

重威降，契丹使通事耿崇美誘其民眾，璘不能制，城既降，為崇美所害。 When Chongwei surrendered, the Khitans sent the interpreter Geng Chongmei to entice his populace; Lin could not control them. Once the city had surrendered, he was killed by Chongmei.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 96Volume 96 Book of Later Jin 22: Biographies 11: Kong Chongbi, Chen Baoji, Wang Yu, Zhang Jizuo, Zhen Ruan, Hu Rao, Liu Suiqing, Fang Gao, Meng Chenghui, Liu Jixun, Zheng Shouyi, Cheng Xun, Li Yu, Zheng Xuansu, Ma Zhongji, Chen Xuan · 1 passage

Open chapter

杜重威之鎮東平也，瑜父欽祚為節度副使，及重威移鎮常山，瑜乃詭計於重威，使奏己為恒州節度副使，竟代其父位。 While Du Chongwei held Dongping, Yu's father Qinhuo served as his deputy. When Chongwei was transferred to Changshan, Yu persuaded him by a ruse to recommend him as deputy military governor of Hengzhou, and in the end took his father's place.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 106Volume 106 Book of Later Jin 8: Biographies 3: Wang Zhou, Liu Shenjiao, Wu Hanqiu, Zhang Guan, Li Yin, Liu Zaiming, Ma Wan, Li Yancong, Guo Jin, Huang Fuli, Bai Zairong, Zhang Peng · 2 passages

Open chapter

晉天福初，範延光叛於魏州，周從楊光遠攻降之，安重榮以鎮州叛，從杜重威討平之，以功授貝州節度使。 Early in the Jin Tianfu reign, Fan Yanguang rebelled in Weizhou and Zhou joined Yang Guangyuan in the campaign that brought him down. When An Chongrong rose in Zhenzhou, Zhou followed Du Chongwei to crush that revolt and, for these services, was made military commissioner of Beizhou.

開運末，杜重威降於契丹，引契丹主臨城諭之。 Late in the Kaiyun era Du Chongwei surrendered to the Khitan and brought the Khitan emperor to the walls to urge the garrison to submit.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 109Volume 109 Book of Later Jin 11: Biographies 6: Du Zhongwei, Li Shouzhen, Zhao Siwan · 53 passages

Open chapter

杜重威，其先朔州人，近世徙家於太原。 Du Chongwei came from Shuozhou stock; in recent generations his family had settled in Taiyuan.

重威少事明宗，自護聖軍校領防州刺史。 In his youth Chongwei entered the service of Emperor Mingzong, advancing from a guardsman in the Imperial Guard to acting prefect of Fangzhou.

天福初，命重威典禁軍，遙授舒州刺史。 Early in the Tianfu era he was placed in command of the palace guard and given the concurrent title of prefect of Shuzhou, though he did not take up the post.

二年，張從賓構亂，據汜水，晉高祖遣重威與候益率眾破之，以功授潞州節度使。 In the second year Zhang Congbin rebelled and held Sishui. Emperor Gaozu dispatched Chongwei and Hou Yi to crush the revolt, and for this service Chongwei was appointed military governor of Luzhou.

〈（《通鑒》：馮道、李崧屢薦重威之能，以為都指揮使，充隨駕御營使。）〉 (Zizhi Tongjian: Feng Dao and Li Song repeatedly praised Chongwei's abilities; he was appointed commander and also served as commissioner of the imperial escort camp.)〉

及鎮州安重榮稱兵向闕，命重威禦之，敗重榮於宗城。 When An Chongrong of Zhenzhou raised an army and marched on the capital, Chongwei was sent against him and defeated him at Zongcheng.

重榮奔據常山，重威尋拔其城，斬重榮首傳於闕下，授成德軍節度使。 Chongrong fled to Changshan, which Chongwei soon captured. He beheaded Chongrong and sent the head to court, and in reward was made military governor of Chengde.

〈（《通鑒》：重威所至黷貨，民多逃亡，嘗出過市，謂左右曰：「人言我驅盡百姓，何市人之多也！」）〉 (Zizhi Tongjian: Wherever Chongwei was posted he extorted wealth until the people fled in droves. Once, passing through the market, he remarked to his attendants, "They say I have driven away every last commoner—then why is the market so crowded?")〉

少帝嗣位，與契丹絕好，契丹主連年伐晉，重威但閉壁自守。 After the Young Emperor came to the throne, ties with the Khitan were severed. The Khitan khan invaded Jin year after year, yet Chongwei only shut his gates and held his walls.

部內城邑相繼破陷，一境生靈受屠戮，重威任居方面，未嘗以一土一騎救之。 Town after town in his circuit fell, and the people were butchered wholesale. Though he held a frontier command, he never sent so much as a patch of ground or a single rider to their aid.

每敵騎數十驅漢人千萬過城下，如入無人之境，重威但登陴註目，略無邀取之意。 Time and again a few dozen enemy horsemen would drive thousands of Han captives past his walls as though the place were deserted. Chongwei would only climb the ramparts and watch, never showing the least wish to strike.

契丹主自古北口回軍，追躡王師，重威等狼狽而旋，至陽城，為契丹所困。 The Khitan khan turned back from Gubeikou and pursued the imperial army. Chongwei and his men retreated in disarray and, reaching Yangcheng, were surrounded by the Khitan.

會大風狂猛，軍情憤激，府彥卿、張彥澤等引軍四出，敵眾大潰，諸將欲追之，重威曰：「逢賊得命，更望復子乎！」 A fierce wind sprang up and the army's anger boiled over. Fu Yanqing, Zhang Yanze, and others led troops out on every side and the enemy broke in panic. When the generals wanted to pursue, Chongwei said, "We met the enemy and barely got away with our lives—do you still expect to win your sons back?"

先是，重威於州內括借錢帛，吏民大被其苦，人情鹹怨，重以境內雕弊，十室九空，重威遂無留意，連上表乞歸朝，不俟報即時上路。 Earlier he had squeezed loans of money and cloth from the prefecture until officials and commoners alike were desperate, and hatred ran deep. With the circuit wasted—nine homes in ten abandoned—he lost all heart for the post. He memorialized again and again to return to court and, without waiting for an answer, set out immediately.

朝廷以邊上重鎮，主帥擅離，茍有奔沖，慮失禦備，然亦無如之何，即以馬全節代之，重威尋授鄴都留守。 The court knew this was a critical frontier command and that a commander who left on his own might expose the border to sudden attack, yet it could do nothing. Ma Quanjie replaced him, and Chongwei was soon appointed defender of the Eastern Capital at Ye.

會鎮州軍食不繼，遣殿中監王欽祚就本州和市，重威私第有粟十餘萬斛，遂錄之以聞。 When army rations at Zhenzhou ran short, the court sent Palace Supervisor Wang Qinzuo to buy grain there. More than a hundred thousand bushels were found stored in Chongwei's private residence, and the fact was reported to court.

重威大忿曰：「我非反逆，安得籍沒耶！」 Chongwei flew into a rage. "I am no traitor," he cried, "so why treat my property as forfeited?"

三年冬，晉少帝詔重威與李守貞等率師經略瀛、鄚。 That winter the Young Emperor of Later Jin ordered Chongwei, Li Shouzhen, and others to lead an expedition into Ying and Mo.

重威即時回軍，次武強，聞契丹主南下，乃西趨鎮州，至中渡橋，與契丹夾滹水而營。 Chongwei immediately withdrew, halting at Wuqiang. Hearing that the Khitan khan was advancing south, he hurried west to Zhenzhou and at Zhongdu Bridge pitched camp on the Hutuo, facing the Khitan across the river.

時契丹遊軍已至欒城，道路隔絕，人情危蹙，重威密遣人詣敵帳，潛布腹心。 Khitan scouts had already reached Luancheng, the roads were cut, and panic spread. Chongwei secretly sent envoys to the enemy camp to sound out surrender.

契丹主大悅，許以中原帝之，重威庸暗，深以為信。 The Khitan khan was delighted and promised to make him emperor of the Central Plains. Chongwei, dull and credulous, took the promise as gospel.

契丹主使重威衣赭袍以示諸軍，尋偽加守太傅，鄴都留守如故。 The Khitan khan had Chongwei dress in an imperial reddish robe to display before the troops, then falsely invested him as acting Grand Tutor while keeping him defender of Ye.

契丹主南行，命重威部轄晉軍以從，既至東京，駐晉軍於陳橋，士伍饑凍，不勝其苦。 As the Khitan khan marched south, Chongwei was ordered to lead the Jin army in his train. At the Eastern Capital the Jin troops were quartered at Chenqiao, where hunger and cold drove the men to misery.

重威每出入衢路，為市民所詬，俯首而已。 Whenever Chongwei passed through the streets the townspeople reviled him. He could only bow his head and say nothing.

契丹下令括率京城錢帛，將相公私，雷同率配，重威與李守貞各萬緡，乃告契丹主曰：「臣等以十萬漢軍降於皇帝，不免配借，臣所不甘。」 The Khitan ordered a levy of money and cloth across the capital, assessing ministers and commoners alike. Chongwei and Li Shouzhen were each charged ten thousand strings. He then told the Khitan khan, "We surrendered a hundred thousand Han troops to Your Majesty, yet we are still squeezed for levies. That we cannot bear."

尋群盜斷澶州浮梁，契丹乃遣重威歸藩。 Soon bandits severed the floating bridge at Chanzhou, and the Khitan sent Chongwei back to his post.

明年三月，契丹主北去，至相州城下，重威與妻石氏詣牙帳貢獻而回。 The following third month, as the Khitan khan withdrew north and reached Xiangzhou, Chongwei and his wife Lady Shi went to the royal tent with tribute and then returned.

高祖車駕至闕，以重威為宋州節度使，加守太尉。 When Emperor Gaozu's court reached the capital, Chongwei was appointed military governor of Songzhou and acting Grand Commandant.

重威懼，閉城拒命，詔高行周率兵攻討，重威遣其子宏遂等告急於鎮州州麻答，乞師救援，旦以宏遂為質，麻答遣蕃將楊兗赴之。 Terrified, Chongwei shut the gates and defied the court. Gao Xingzhou was ordered to attack. Chongwei sent his son Hongsui to beg Maduo, governor of Zhenzhou, for relief, offering Hongsui as hostage that same day. Maduo dispatched the tribal general Yang Yan.

十月，高祖親征，車駕至鄴城之下，遣給事中陳觀等賫詔入城，許其歸命，重威不納。 In the tenth month Gaozu marched in person. When the court reached Yecheng he sent Supervising Secretary Chen Guan with an edict offering mercy if Chongwei submitted. Chongwei refused.

〈（《宋史·杜漢徽傳》云：從高行周討杜重威於鄴城，屢為流矢所中，身被重創，猶力戰，觀者壯之。）〉 (History of Song, biography of Du Hanhui: Serving under Gao Xingzhou against Du Chongwei at Yecheng, he was hit again and again by stray arrows and badly wounded, yet kept fighting until onlookers marveled at his courage.)〉

至是，重威牙將詣行宮請降，復遣節度判官王敏奉表請罪，賜優詔敦勉，許其如初。 At last a junior officer came to Gaozu's camp to offer surrender, and Chongwei sent circuit judge Wang Min with a memorial begging pardon. An edict of clemency arrived, promising him his former standing.

重威即遣其子宏遂、妻石氏出候高祖，重威繼踵出降，素服俟罪，復其衣冠，賜見，即日制授檢校太師、守太傅、兼中書令。 Chongwei sent his son Hongsui and Lady Shi out to greet Gaozu, then followed to surrender in plain dress. Restored to court dress, he was received that same day and appointed acting Grand Preceptor, acting Grand Tutor, and Director of the Secretariat.

有逃奔於鄴者，備言其事，故張璉等懼死，與重威膠固守城，略無叛誌。 Fugitives reached Ye with the full story, and Zhang Lian and his men, fearing the same fate, clung to Chongwei and held the walls with no thought of treason—only terror.

璉一軍在圍中，重威推食解衣，盡力姑息。 Trapped in the siege, Zhang Lian's men were fed from Chongwei's own stores and clothed from his wardrobe as he tried every means to keep them loyal.

及重威請命，璉等邀朝廷信誓，詔許璉等卻歸本土。 When Chongwei sued for mercy, Zhang Lian demanded a sworn promise from the throne, and an edict allowed him and his men to return home.

高祖遣三司使王章、樞密副使郭威，錄重威部下將吏盡誅之，籍其財產與重威私帑，分給將士。 Gaozu sent Wang Zhang of the Three Departments and Deputy Military Affairs Commissioner Guo Wei to list every officer under Chongwei, execute them, seize their goods together with Chongwei's private hoard, and divide the spoils among the troops.

顧命之際，謂近臣將佐曰：「善防重威。」 On his deathbed he told his closest ministers and generals, "Guard yourselves against Chongwei."

帝崩，遂收重威，重威子宏璋、宏璉、宏傑誅之。 When the emperor died, Chongwei was arrested and executed together with his sons Hongzhang, Honglian, and Hongjie.

詔曰：「杜重威猶貯禍心，未悛逆節，梟音不改，虺性難馴。 The edict read: "Du Chongwei still nurses treason in his heart and has not repented his rebellion. His nature remains that of an owl and a viper, impossible to tame.

昨朕小有不安，罷朝數日，而重威父子潛肆兇言，怨謗大朝，扇惑小輩； When I was briefly unwell and court was suspended for several days, Chongwei and his sons secretly spread vicious talk, reviling the throne and stirring up lesser men;

既負深恩，須置極法，其杜重威父子並處斬。 Having betrayed deep favor, they must suffer the utmost penalty: Du Chongwei and his sons are all to be executed.

重威父子已誅，陳屍於通衢，都人聚觀者詬罵蹴擊，軍吏不能禁，屍首狼籍，斯須而盡。 After the executions their bodies were displayed in the street. Crowds cursed them, kicked them, and tore them apart before the guards could stop it—the corpses vanished in moments.

宏璉，重威之子也，累官至陳州刺史。 Honglian, another son of Chongwei, had risen to prefect of Chenzhou.

〈（《隆平集》：黨進，幼為天雄軍節度使杜重威奴，重威愛其淳謹，雖長，猶令與婢妾雜侍。 (Longping ji: Dang Jin had been a slave of Du Chongwei, military governor of Tianxiong. Chongwei prized his simple loyalty and, even after he came of age, kept him waiting among the women servants.

重威敗，周祖得之，以為鐵騎都虞候。 After Chongwei's fall Emperor Taizu of Zhou took him into service and made him deputy commander of the Iron Cavalry.

重威之後寒餓，進常分俸以給，士大夫或愧焉。）〉 When Chongwei's family fell into poverty, Jin regularly shared his salary with them—a generosity that shamed some gentlemen of the court.)〉

少帝再幸澶州，以守貞為北面行營都監，與招討使杜重威北伐，洎獲陽城之捷，遂收軍而還。 The Young Emperor again went to Chanzhou in person and made Shouzhen overall supervisor of the northern campaign, marching north with pacification commissioner Du Chongwei. After the victory at Yangcheng they withdrew.

十月，詔杜重威為北面行營招討使，以守貞為兵馬都監，知幽州行府事。 In the tenth month Du Chongwei was made northern pacification commissioner, with Shouzhen as army supervisor and head of the Youzhou field headquarters.

先是，守貞領兵再由鄴都，杜重威厚加贈遺，曲意承迎，守貞悅之，每於帝前稱舉，請委征討之柄。 Earlier, when Shouzhen's troops passed through Ye again, Du Chongwei showered him with gifts and flattery. Delighted, Shouzhen praised him repeatedly at court and urged that the expedition command be given to him.

至是，守貞、重威等會兵於鄴，遂趨瀛州，瀛州不應。 Shouzhen and Chongwei then united at Ye and marched on Yingzhou, which did not respond.

未幾，敵騎潛渡至欒城，斷我糧路，尋則王清戰死，杜重威遂與守貞歸命契丹，授守貞司徒，依前鄆州節度使，從契丹至汴。 Soon enemy cavalry crossed secretly to Luancheng and severed the supply lines. Wang Qing was killed in battle, and Du Chongwei surrendered with Shouzhen to the Khitan. Shouzhen was made Minister of Education and kept Yunzhou, then followed the Khitan to Bian.

居無何，高祖晏駕，杜重威被誅，守貞愈不自安，乃潛畜異計。 Before long Gaozu died and Du Chongwei was executed. Shouzhen grew ever more uneasy and began secretly plotting rebellion.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 129Volume 129 Book of Later Zhou 31: Biographies 9: Chang Si, Di Guangye, Cao Ying, Li Yanyun, Li Hui, Li Jianchong, Wang Zhongyi, Sun Hanyin, Xu Qian, Zhao Feng, Qi Cangzhen, Wang Huan, Zhang Yanchao, Zhang Ying, Liu Renshan · 3 passages

Open chapter

晉天福中，鎮州安重榮謀叛，稱兵指闕，朝廷命杜重威率師拒之，賊陣於宗城東，晉遣齊軍擊之，再合不動。 During Jin Tianfu, An Chongrong of Zhen plotted rebellion and marched on the capital; the court ordered Du Chongwei to resist; the rebels formed east of Zongcheng; Jin sent the Qi army to strike; twice they clashed without breaking the stalemate.

杜重威懼，謀欲抽退，重裔曰：「兵家忌退，但請公分麾下兵擊其兩翼，重裔為公陷陣，當其中軍，彼必狼狽矣。」 Du Chongwei feared and planned to pull back; Zhongyi said, "Armies dread retreat—only divide your troops to strike both wings; Zhongyi will break the line for you and take their center—they will surely fall into disorder."

重威從之，重榮即時退蹙，遂敗。 Chongwei agreed; Chongrong at once broke and fell back and was defeated.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 137Volume 137: Foreign States Biographies 1: Khitan · 4 passages

Open chapter

十月，少帝遣杜重威、李守貞等率兵經略。 In the tenth month the Young Emperor sent Du Chongwei, Li Shouzhen, and others on campaign.

契丹主聞晉既出師，自率諸部由易、定抵鎮州，杜重威等自瀛州西趨常山，至中渡橋，敵已至矣，兩軍隔滹水而寨焉。 Hearing that the Jin had marched, the Khitan ruler led his tribes from Yi and Ding to Zhenzhou while Du Chongwei advanced west from Yingzhou toward Changshan. At Zhongdu Bridge the enemy was already there. The two armies camped on opposite banks of the Hutuo River.

十二月十日，杜重威率諸軍降於契丹，語在《晉少帝紀》中。 On the tenth day of the twelfth month Du Chongwei surrendered his entire army to the Khitan. The full account appears in the Basic Annals of the Jin Young Emperor.

命張彥澤領二千騎先趨東京，遣重威部轄降兵取邢、相路前進。 He sent Zhang Yanze ahead with two thousand horsemen toward the Eastern Capital and ordered Chongwei to lead the surrendered troops along the Xing and Xiang route.

History of Liao, Chapter 75Volume 75 Biographies 5: Yelu Dilie, Yelu Duozhen, Wang Yu, Yelu Tulujiong · 2 passages

Open chapter

從討石重貴，杜重威擁十萬餘眾拒滹沱橋，力戰數日，不得進。 In the campaign against Shi Chonggui, Du Chongwei held more than a hundred thousand men at the Hutuo bridge; after days of fierce fighting the army could not break through.

於是塞其餉道，數出師以牽撓其勢，重威果降如言。 They blocked the enemy supply lines and sent out repeated raids to harry their forces; Chongwei surrendered exactly as Tulujiong had predicted.

History of Liao, Chapter 76Volume 76 Biographies 6: Yelu Jieli, Yelu Balide, Yelu Shuogu, Yelu Lubugu, Zhao Yanshou, Gao Mohan, Zhao Siwen, Yelu Oulisi, Zhang Li · 11 passages

Open chapter

會同九年伐晉，師次滹沱河，奪中渡橋，降其將杜重威。 In the ninth year of Huitong, when the army marched against Jin, it halted at the Hutuo River, seized the Zhongdu Bridge, and forced the Jin general Du Chongwei to surrender.

九年，再舉兵，次滹沱河，降杜重威，戰功居多。 In the ninth year the army marched again, camped at the Hutuo River, and forced Du Chongwei to surrender; Balide's share of the fighting was the greatest of all.

時晉主石重貴渝盟，帝親征，晉將杜重威擁眾拒滹沱。 When the Jin emperor Shi Chonggui broke the alliance, the emperor marched in person; the Jin general Du Chongwei massed his troops to block the army at the Hutuo.

朔古與趙延壽據中渡橋，重威兵卻，遂降。 Shuogu and Zhao Yanshou held the Zhongdu Bridge; Chongwei's army fell back and he surrendered.

晉人以為然，遣杜重威率兵迎之。 The Jin took him at his word and sent Du Chongwei with an army to welcome him.

太宗潛由他渡濟，留延壽與耶律朔古據橋，敵不能奪，屢敗之，杜重威掃厥眾降。 Taizong secretly crossed at another ford, leaving Yanshou and Yelu Shuogu to hold the bridge; the enemy could not take it, and after repeated defeats Du Chongwei surrendered with his entire force.

延壽至營，杜重威、李守貞迎謁馬首。 When Yanshou reached the camp, Du Chongwei and Li Shouzhen came out to pay their respects at his stirrup.

晉以魏府節度使杜重威領兵三十萬來拒，模翰謂左右曰：「軍法在正不在多。 Jin sent Wei prefecture military governor Du Chongwei with three hundred thousand men to oppose him; Mohan told his attendants, "The art of war rests on justice, not on numbers.

頃之，杜重威等復至滹沱河，帝召模翰問計。 Before long Du Chongwei and his force were again at the Hutuo River; the emperor summoned Mohan to ask his counsel.

已而杜重威等降。 Before long Du Chongwei and his men surrendered.

既而晉將杜重威逆於望都，據水勒戰。 Soon afterward the Jin general Du Chongwei met them at Wangdu, holding the river line and forcing a fight.

History of Liao, Chapter 85Volume 85 Biographies 15: Xiao Talin, Xiao Guanyinnu, Yelu Tizi, Yelu Xieli, Yelu Nugua, Xiao Liu, Gao Xun, Xi Heshuonu, Xiao Taliege, Yelu Sahe · 1 passage

Open chapter

會同九年，與杜重威來降。 In the ninth year of Huitong (946) he surrendered to Liao together with Du Chongwei.

History of Liao, Chapter 113Volume 113 Biographies 43: Rebellious Officials 2 · 2 passages

Open chapter

八年，伐晉，敗晉將杜重威，追至望都。 In the eighth year he campaigned against Jin, routed the Jin general Du Chongwei, and pursued him as far as Wangdu.

及我師伐晉，至滹沱河，降晉將杜重威，牒蠟功居多。 When the Liao army marched against Jin and reached the Hutuo River, the Jin general Du Chongwei surrendered, and Diepa's contribution was the greatest.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 8Volume 8 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu · 4 passages

Open chapter

東都巡檢張從賓反，留守判官李遐死之，奉國都指揮使侯益、護聖都指揮使杜重威討之。 Zhang Congbin mutinied at the eastern capital; Defender’s aide Li Xia was killed. Hou Yi of Fengguo and Du Chongwei of Husheng marched against him.

辛酉，杜重威克汜水關。 On xinyou Du Chongwei recovered Sishui Pass.

天平節度使杜重威為鎮州行營招討使。 Du Chongwei of Tianping was made campaign commissioner against Zhen.

戊戌，杜重威及安重榮戰於宗城，敗之。 On wuxu Du Chongwei met An Chongrong at Zongcheng and broke his army.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 9Volume 9 Later Jin Annals 2: the Emperor That Fled · 7 passages

Open chapter

八月辛丑朔，劉知遠為北面行營都統，順德軍節度使杜威為都招討使。 On the xinchou new moon of the eighth month Liu Zhiyuan took command of the northern field army as overall commander, and Du Wei of Shunde was named overall repression commissioner.

甲寅，杜威克滿城。 On jiayin Du Wei captured Mancheng.

庚申，杜威及契丹戰於陽城，敗之，追奔至於衛村，又敗之。 On gengshen Du Wei routed the Khitan at Yangcheng, chased them to Weicun, and defeated them again.

六月丁卯，射於繁臺，幸杜威第。 On dingmao of the sixth month he practiced archery at Fantai and called at Du Wei’s mansion.

辛未，杜威為北面行營都招討使，李守貞為兵馬都監。 On xinwei Du Wei was named overall repression commissioner of the northern front, and Li Shouzhen overseer of army and horse.

十二月己未，杜威軍於中渡。 On jiwei of the twelfth month Du Wei’s army camped at Zhongdu Ford.

杜威、李守貞、張彥澤以其軍叛降於契丹。 Du Wei, Li Shouzhen, and Zhang Yanze turned their armies and defected to the Khitan.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Later Jin Annals 1: Gaozu, Emperor Yin · 4 passages

Open chapter

已而以杜重威代知遠領忠武，徙知遠領歸德，知遠恥與重威同制，杜門不出。 Du Chongwei soon took over Zhongwu in his place and Zhiyuan was shifted to Guide. He was shamed to hold equal rank with Chongwei and refused to leave his residence.

十一月壬申，杜重威降。 On renshen of the eleventh month Du Chongwei surrendered.

天雄軍節度使杜重威反，杜重威於晉出帝時避出帝名去「重」，至漢而復之。 Du Chongwei, military governor of Tianxiong, rebelled. Under the Later Jin Deposed Emperor he had dropped the character “Chong” to avoid the emperor’s name; under Han he restored it.

未及封而高祖崩，祕不發喪，殺杜重威。 Before the enfeoffment could happen, Gaozu died. The court concealed the mourning and killed Du Chongwei.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17: The Later Jin Imperial Family · 1 passage

Open chapter

明年三月，太后寢疾，無醫藥，常仰天而泣，南望戟手罵杜重威、李守貞等曰：「使死者無知則已，若其有知，不赦爾於地下！」 The next third month the dowager sickened; without medicine or physicians she often wept to Heaven, and facing south shook her fist at Du Chongwei, Li Shouzhen, and the rest, saying: “If the dead know nothing, so be it; if they know, may they never pardon you beneath the earth!”

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 29Volume 29 Later Jin Biographies 9: Sang Weihan, Jing Yanguang, Wu Luan · 2 passages

Open chapter

契丹屯中渡，破栾城，杜重威等大军隔绝，维翰曰：「事急矣！」 Khitan troops held Zhongdu Ferry and took Luan City; Du Chongwei’s host was severed. Weihan said: “We are at the brink!”

契丹至中渡，延广屯河阳，闻杜重威降，乃还。 Khitan troops reached Zhongdu Ferry. Yanguang held Heyang, heard Chongwei had surrendered, and turned back.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 33Volume 33 Biographies of Martyrs to Service 13: Zhang Yuande, Xia Luqi, Yao Hong, Wang Sitong, Zhang Jingda, Di Jinzong, Shen Bin, Wang Qing, Shi Yanchao, Sun Cheng · 5 passages

Open chapter

開運二年冬，從杜重威戰陽城，清以力戰功為步軍之最，加檢校司徒。 In Kaiyun’s second winter he fought with Du Chongwei at Yangcheng; for valor he was judged best among the infantry and made Acting Minister of Works.

是冬，重威軍中渡橋南，虜軍其北以相拒，而虜以精騎並西山出晉軍後，南擊欒城，斷晉餉道。 That winter Chongwei camped south of Zhongdu Bridge, the Khitans north; Khitan elite cavalry swept behind the Jin line along the western hills, struck Luancheng, and cut Jin’s supplies.

清謂重威曰：「晉軍危矣！ Qing told Chongwei, “The Jin army is doomed!

重威許之，遣與宋彥筠俱前，清與虜戰，敗之，奪其橋。 Chongwei agreed and sent him with Song Yanyun; Qing beat the Khitans and took the bridge.

是時，重威已有二誌，猶豫不肯進，彥筠亦退走，清曰：「吾獨死於此矣！」 Chongwei already wavered and would not advance; Yanyun retreated; Qing said, “Then I die here alone!"

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Miscellaneous Biographies 30: Wang Jun, Wang Yin, Liu Ci, Wang Huan, Zhe Congruan · 2 passages

Open chapter

後從漢高祖討杜重威，先登力戰，矢中其腦，鏃自口出而不死，高祖嘉之，以為侍衛步軍都指揮使，領寧江軍節度使。 He followed Han Gaozu against Du Chongwei, climbed first, and fought hard. An arrow struck his brain and the head came out his mouth, yet he lived. Gaozu praised him and made him Palace Foot Guard commander with Ningjiang.

從杜重威破鎮州，以先登功拜泌州刺史。 He followed Du Chongwei at Zhen, climbed first, and was made prefect of Bi.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 52Volume 52 Miscellaneous Biographies 32: Du Zhongwei, Li Zhouzhen, Zhang Yanze · 58 passages

Open chapter