Overview
The translated histories identify Emperor Wen of Zhou as an aristocrat, general, royal family member, and ruler. This record brings together 192 passages from 22 chapters across 5 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal | Emperor Wen of Zhou | 周文帝 | Zhou Wendi |
| Personal | |||
| Nickname | Black Badger | 黑獺 | Hei Ta |
| Title | chancellor | 宰相 | |
| Title | Chancellor | 丞相 | Chengxiang |
| Epithet | Cultured Father | 文考 | |
| Posthumous name | Duke Wen | 文公 | |
| Title | Emperor Wen | 文帝 | |
| Posthumous name | Emperor Wen | 文皇帝 | |
| Posthumous name | Emperor Wen | 文帝 | Wendi |
| Title | Emperor Wen of Zhou | 周文帝 | |
| Posthumous name | Emperor Wen of Zhou | 周文帝 | |
| Temple name | Emperor Wen of Zhou | 周文帝 | |
| Title | Emperor Wen of Zhou | 周文帝 | Zhou Wendi |
| Temple name | Grand Ancestor | 太祖 | |
| Title | Grand Chancellor | 大丞相 | |
| Title | Grand Duke | 太祖 | |
| Temple name | Grand Progenitor | 太祖 | Taizu |
| Title | Grand Progenitor | 太祖 | |
| Temple name | Grand Progenitor | 太祖 | |
| Temple | Grand Progenitor | 太祖 | |
| Title | Grand Progenitor | 太祖 | Taizu |
| Title | Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai | 太祖 | |
| Title | Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai | 太祖 | Taizu |
| Alternate | Hei Hu | 黑獺 | Heita |
| Posthumous name | King Wen | 文王 | |
| Title | King Wen | 文王 | Wen wang |
| Descriptive kinship | late father | 皇考 | |
| Title | Pillar of State | 柱國 | Zhuguo |
| Title | Prince Wen of Zhou | 周文帝 | Zhou Wendi |
| Temple name | Taizu | 太祖 | Taizu |
| Temple name | Taizu | 太祖 | Tàizǔ |
| Title | Taizu of Zhou | 周太祖 | |
| Title | the Grand Ancestor | 太祖 | |
| Alternate name | Wen Wang | 文考 | |
| Temple | Wendi | 文帝 | Wendi |
| Surname | Yuwen | 宇文 | Yuwen |
| Surname | Yuwen | 宇文 | |
| Nickname | Yuwen Heitu | 宇文黑獺 | Yuwen Heita |
| Personal name | Yuwen Heituo | 宇文黑獺 | Yuwen Heita |
| Title | Yuwen of Xia Province | 宇文夏州 | |
| Personal name | Yuwen Tai | Yuwen Tai | |
| Alternate name | Yuwen Tai | 周文 | |
| Personal name | Yuwen Tai | ||
| Personal | Yuwen Tai | 宇文泰 | Yuwen Tai |
| Personal name | Yuwen Tai | 宇文泰 | Yuwen Tai |
| Personal name | Yuwen Tai | 宇文泰 | |
| Personal | Yuwen Tai | Yuwen Tai | |
| Personal | Yuwen Tai | 宇文泰 | |
| Personal name | Yuwen Tai | 泰 | Tai |
| Alternate | Zhou Wen | 周文 | Zhou Wen |
| Personal | Zhou Wen | 周文 | Zhou Wen |
| Personal | Zhou Wendi | 周文帝 | Zhou Wendi |
| Temple | 文帝 |
Identity
- Historicity
- Historical
- Identification
- Named
- Sex
- Male
- Sex: male
- Sex: male
Roles
- Aristocrat
- General
- Royal Family Member
- Ruler
- Statesman
- Warlord
Life and dates
Death
- Date: Source Date: Text: 魏恭帝三年十月乙亥 · Western Year: AD 556Explicit · zhoushu:003:s0008
Attested activity
- Source Date: Text: 六月丁巳 · Lunar Month: 6 · Western Year: AD 545
- Source Date: Text: （未著年月，大統三年前西魏朝事） · Western Interval: Start: AD 535 · End: AD 537Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:023:s0005, zhoushu:023:s0008
- Source Date: Text: 中興十有一年，仲夏 · Western Year: AD 545Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:023:s0262, zhoushu:023:s0263
- Source Date: Text: 出帝末 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 535Explicit event contextual date · weishu:027:s0101
- Source Date: Text: 十二年 · Western Year: AD 546Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:023:s0354, zhoushu:023:s0355, zhoushu:023:s0364, zhoushu:023:s0365, zhoushu:023:s0366, zhoushu:023:s0367, zhoushu:023:s0371
- Source Date: Text: 十四年 · Western Year: AD 548Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:023:s0394, zhoushu:023:s0395
- Source Date: Text: 十年 · Western Year: AD 544Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0040
- Source Date: Text: 周太祖以詧為梁主 · Western Year: AD 555Explicit event contextual date · suishu:079:s0113
- Source Date: Text: 周文 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 556Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:027:s0034, beiqishu:027:s0062
- Source Date: Text: 周文帝 · Western Interval: Start: AD 535 · End: AD 556Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:035:s0052
- Source Date: Text: 周文帝始據雍州 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 535Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:046:s0020
- Source Date: Text: 周文帝於上流放火船 · Western Year: AD 538Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:025:s0042
- Source Date: Text: 大同十一年 · Western Year: AD 545Explicit event contextual date · zizhitongjian:159:s0003, zizhitongjian:159:s0003a, zizhitongjian:159:s0014
- Source Date: Text: 大統七年 · Western Year: AD 541Explicit · zhoushu:009:s0026
- Source Date: Text: 大統三年 · Western Year: AD 537Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0035
- Source Date: Text: 大統元年 · Western Year: AD 535Explicit · zhoushu:017:s0158
- Source Date: Text: 大統初 · Western Year: AD 535Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:043:s0067
- Source Date: Text: 天成元年 · Western Year: AD 555Explicit · beiqishu:033:s0023
- Source Date: Text: 太祖以辯有儒術 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 556
- Source Date: Text: 太祖創基 · Western Year: AD 535Explicit · zhoushu:009:s0010
- Source Date: Text: 太祖嘉之 · Western Interval: Start: AD 535 · End: AD 556Explicit · zhoushu:046:s0047
- Source Date: Text: 太祖徵兵 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 556Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:018:s0027
- Source Date: Text: 太祖臨夏州至平江陵 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 556Explicit · zhoushu:026:s0010, zhoushu:026:s0056
- Source Date: Text: 明帝二年 · Western Year: AD 558Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:023:s0373
- Source Date: Text: 武定初 · Western Year: AD 543Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:049:s0147
- Source Date: Text: 武定聘梁時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 543 · End: AD 550Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:029:s0065, beiqishu:029:s0067
- Source Date: Text: 永熙三年 · Western Year: AD 534Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:004:s0002
- Source Date: Text: 沙苑之敗 · Western Year: AD 537Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:026:s0041, beiqishu:026:s0045
- Source Date: Text: 破周文帝 · Western Interval: Start: AD 531 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:026:s0064
- Source Date: Text: 翊戴太祖 · Western Year: AD 534Explicit · zhoushu:017:s0011
- Source Date: Text: 蘇綽 · Western Year: AD 546Explicit event contextual date · zizhitongjian:159:s0313a
- Source Date: Text: 魏廢帝二年春 · Western Year: AD 553Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:021:s0018
- Source Date: Text: 魏恭帝三年 · Western Year: AD 556Explicit · zhoushu:024:s0035
- Source Date: Text: 魏恭帝三年十月乙亥 · Western Year: AD 556Explicit · zhoushu:003:s0008
Family
Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.
- Parent of Emperor Xiaomin (孝閔皇帝)Kinship Term: bore Emperor Min / 生孝閔帝 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 3 · Line: paternal - Parent of Yuwen Yong (宇文邕)Kinship Term: bore High Ancestor / 生高祖 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: younger brother / 介弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal - Spouse of Empress Chinu (叱奴皇后)Kinship Term: consort / 姬 · Union Category: concubinage
- Parent of Princess of West River (西河長公主)Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: daughter · Object Role: father
- Parent of Daughter of Yuwen Tai (wife of Guo Feng)Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: daughter · Object Role: father
- Sibling of Grand Princess of Changle (昌樂大長公主)Kinship Term: elder sister / 姊 · Subject Relative Age: elder · Line: paternal
- Parent of Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou (周明帝)Kinship Term: eldest son / 長子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 1 · Line: paternal
Kinship Term: Emperor Ming / 明帝 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father - Spouse of Empress Yuan (元皇后)Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
Kinship Term: given in marriage to / 配 · Union Category: marriage - Descendant of Duke Xianhou (獻侯)Kinship Term: founding ancestor / 始祖
- Parent of Yuwen Zhao (宇文招)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen Zhi (宇文直)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen You (宇文逌)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen Sheng (宇文盛)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen Da (宇文達)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen Xian (宇文憲)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen Chun (宇文純)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen Jian (宇文儉)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Parent of Yuwen Tong (宇文通)Kinship Term: imperial younger brother / 皇弟 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Line: paternal
- Spouse of Lady Yao (姚夫人)Kinship Term: Lady / 夫人 · Union Category: secondary-marriage · Relationship State: active
Career and standing
- Label: Chancellor of Western Wei / 魏丞相 · Action: heldExplicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0014, zizhitongjian:159:s0044
- Label: Chancellor / 丞相 · Action: heldExplicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0313a
- Label: posthumously honored as emperor / 追尊文王為帝 · Action: granted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 秋八月己亥 · Western Year: AD 560Explicit · zhoushu:004:s0126
- Title: King Wen / 文王 · Action: posthumously-honored · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 元年 · Western Year: AD 557Explicit · zhoushu:003:s0145
Places and affiliations
- Label: Western Wei / Northern Zhou / 西魏北周 · Relation: ruledExplicit · zhoushu:026:s0010
- Label: Western Wei / 西魏 · Relation: ruledExplicit event contextual date · zhoushu:018:s0027
- Polity: Western Wei / 西魏 · Relation: associatedStrongly inferred · beiqishu:026:s0041, beiqishu:026:s0064
- Polity: Western Wei / 西魏 · Relation: ruled-as-paramountStrongly inferred · beiqishu:027:s0037, beiqishu:027:s0048
- Polity: Western Wei / 西魏 · Relation: ruledStrongly inferred · zhoushu:023:s0005, zhoushu:023:s0035
- Polity: Western Wei / 魏 · Relation: served
- Polity Name: Western Wei / 西魏 · Relation: ruled-as-regentStrongly inferred · zhoushu:043:s0067
- Place: Tong Province / 同州 · Relation: present-atExplicit · zhoushu:023:s0366
Works and attributed material
- Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0313l, zizhitongjian:159:s0313m
- Explicit · zhoushu:021:s0022
- Explicit · zhoushu:018:s0071
- Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0006
- Explicit · zhoushu:017:s0121
- Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: quotationExplicit · zhoushu:017:s0126
- Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: trueExplicit · zhoushu:021:s0018, zhoushu:021:s0019
- Kind: speech · Role: speakerExplicit · zhoushu:023:s0334, zhoushu:023:s0335, zhoushu:023:s0336, zhoushu:023:s0337, zhoushu:023:s0338, zhoushu:023:s0339, zhoushu:023:s0340, zhoushu:023:s0341, zhoushu:023:s0342, zhoushu:023:s0343, zhoushu:023:s0356, zhoushu:023:s0357, zhoushu:023:s0358, zhoushu:023:s0359, zhoushu:023:s0367, zhoushu:023:s0368, zhoushu:023:s0369, zizhitongjian:159:s0313f, zizhitongjian:159:s0313g, zizhitongjian:159:s0313h
Events and relationships
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: captured · Other Person Id: Dou Tai (竇泰) · Place: Tong Pass / 潼關 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大統三年 · Western Year: AD 537 · Outcome: Dou Tai capturedExplicit · zhoushu:023:s0035, zhoushu:023:s0036
- Kind: ritual · Role: mourner · Action: escorted-burial · Other Person Id: Su Chuo (蘇綽) · Place: Tong province / 同州Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0313k, zizhitongjian:159:s0313n
- Kind: ritual · Role: host · Action: farewell-feast · Other Person Id: Rang (讓) · Place: outside the Eastern Capital Gate / 東都門外 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: （未著年月，大統三年前西魏朝事） · Western Interval: Start: AD 535 · End: AD 537Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0005
- Kind: military · Role: attacker · Action: fire-ships · Place: Heyang bridge / 河橋Explicit · beiqishu:025:s0042
- Kind: institutional · Role: authority · Action: ordered Bian's six-ministry system into effect · Other Person Id: Lu Bian (盧辯)Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:024:s0035
- Kind: institutional · Role: commissioner · Action: ordered Su Chuo then Lu Bian to implement the Offices of Zhou · Other Person Id: Su Chuo (蘇綽)Explicit · zhoushu:024:s0028, zhoushu:024:s0029
- Kind: literary reform · Role: sponsor · Action: ordered Su Chuo to compose the Great Admonition and prescribed its style · Other Person Id: Su Chuo (蘇綽) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大同十一年 · Western Year: AD 545
- Explicit · zhoushu:046:s0170
- Kind: military · Role: leader · Action: raised rescue troops; trusted Wang SizhengExplicit event contextual date · zhoushu:018:s0027, zhoushu:018:s0110
- Kind: political · Role: founder · Action: raised sword; created institutions; reformed customs toward frugality
- Kind: diplomacy · Role: sender · Action: sent Anuopantuo as first envoy to the Turks · Other Person Id: Anuopantuo (安諾槃陀) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大同十一年 · Western Year: AD 545Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0014, zizhitongjian:159:s0014c
- Kind: administrative · Role: authority · Action: sent courier to summon Chun to lead township troopsExplicit · zhoushu:023:s0395
- Kind: political · Role: patron · Action: treated Lu Bian with great respect and consulted him in major court debates · Other Person Id: Lu Bian (盧辯)Explicit · zhoushu:024:s0011
- Kind: travel · Role: principal · Action: visited · Place: Kunming Pool / 昆明池 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: （未著年月，大統三年前西魏朝事） · Western Interval: Start: AD 535 · End: AD 537Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0019, zhoushu:023:s0026
- Kind: funeral · Role: mourner · Action: walked to Tong Province outer gate and poured libation
- Kind: ritual · Role: author · Action: wrote sacrificial text; sent second-grade offeringExplicit · zhoushu:023:s0371
- Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Su Chuo (蘇綽)
- Relation: recommender-of · Person Id: Ma Yao (麻瑤)Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0364
- Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Lu Bian (盧辯)Explicit · zhoushu:024:s0011
Assessments and attributes
- Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0350
References in the histories
Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.