Overview
The translated histories identify Gao Huan as a general, official, royal family member, and ruler. This record brings together 235 passages from 29 chapters across 4 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Personal | Gao Huan | 高歡 | Gao Huan |
| Title | Chancellor | 丞相 | |
| Title | Chancellor | 丞相 | Chengxiang |
| Title | Chancellor Gao | 高相 | |
| Title | Emperor Gaozu | 高祖 | |
| Posthumous name | Emperor Shenwu | 神武皇帝 | |
| Title | Emperor Shenwu | 神武皇帝 | |
| Temple name | Emperor Shenwu | 神武 | Shénwǔ |
| Title | Emperor Shenwu of Qi | 齊神武帝 | |
| Posthumous name | Emperor Xian | 獻皇帝 | |
| Posthumous name | Emperor Xianwu | 獻武皇帝 | |
| Title | Founding Emperor | 太祖 | |
| Surname | Gao | 高 | Gao |
| Personal name | Gao Huan | 高歡 | Gao Huan |
| Personal | Gao Huan | 高歡 | |
| Personal | Gao Huan | ||
| Personal name | Gao Huan | 高歡 | |
| Personal name | Gao Huan | 高歡 | Gāo Huān |
| Personal | Gao Huan | 高歡 | Gāo Huān |
| Personal | Gao Huan | Gao Huan | |
| Personal name | Gao Huan | Gao Huan | |
| Temple | Gaozu | 高祖 | Gaozu |
| Temple name | Gaozu | 高祖 | |
| Temple name | Gaozu | 高祖 | Gāozǔ |
| Temple name | Grand Ancestor | 高祖 | Gaozu |
| Given | Huan | 歡 | Huan |
| Title | King of Gao | 高王 | Gao Wang |
| Title | late king | 先王 | |
| Title | Prince Gao | 高王 | |
| Title | Prince of Bohai | 渤海王 | Bohai Wang |
| Title | Prince of Taiyuan | 太原公 | |
| Title | Prince of Taiyuan | 太原公 | Taiyuan gong |
| Title | Qi Shenwu | 齊神武 | |
| Temple | Shenwu | 神武 | Shenwu |
| Temple name | Shenwu | 神武 | Shenwu |
| Temple | Shenwu | 神武 | |
| Temple | Shenwu | 神武 | Shénwǔ |
| Alternate name | Shenwu | 神武 | |
| Posthumous name | Shenwu | 神武 | Shenwu |
| Title | Shenwu | 神武 | Shénwǔ |
| Posthumous name | Shenwu | 神武 | |
| Temple name | Shenwu of Qi | 齊神武 | |
| Temple | Shenwu of Qi | 齊神武 | |
| Temple name | Shenwu of Qi | 齊神武 | Qi Shenwu |
| Temple name | Taizu | 太祖 | |
| Title | the honored king | 尊王 | zunwang |
| Title | the late king | 先王 | xianwang |
| Title | 神武 | Shénwǔ | |
| Temple name | 高祖 | Gāozǔ |
Identity
- Historicity
- Historical
- Identification
- Named
- Sex
- Male
- Sex: maleExplicit · beiqishu:003:s0001, beiqishu:006:s0001, beiqishu:009:s0004, beiqishu:014:s0220, beiqishu:026:s0035, beiqishu:029:s0001, beiqishu:030:s0002, beiqishu:031:s0079, beiqishu:034:s0047, beiqishu:047:s0005, beiqishu:048:s0007, zhoushu:021:s0001, zhoushu:023:s0035, zhoushu:026:s0088, zizhitongjian:159:s0270aa
- Sex: male
Roles
- General
- Official
- Royal Family Member
- Ruler
- Statesman
- Warlord
Life and dates
Death
- Date Context: Source Date: Text: 武定五年正月丙午 · Western Year: AD 547Explicit · beiqishu:003:s0020
- Date Context: Source Date: Text: 神武崩 · Western Year: AD 547Explicit · beiqishu:038:s0122
- Date Context: Source Date: Text: 高祖崩 · Western Year: AD 547Explicit · beiqishu:030:s0046
- Source Date: Text: 高祖崩於晉陽 · Western Year: AD 547 · Place: Jinyang / 晉陽Explicit · beiqishu:049:s0101
Attested activity
- Source Date: Text: 大通初 · Reign: 大通 · Western Interval: Start: AD 527 · End: AD 529Explicit event contextual date · liangshu:032:s0096
- Source Date: Text: active with Empress Lou before Northern Qi · Western Interval: Start: AD 520 · End: AD 547Strongly inferred · beiqishu:009:s0004, beiqishu:009:s0006
- Source Date: Text: 信都起兵 · Western Interval: Start: AD 531 · End: AD 532Explicit · beiqishu:014:s0004
- Source Date: Text: 元象中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 538 · End: AD 539Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:007:s0003
- Source Date: Text: 先王與梁主和好十有餘年 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:033:s0010
- Source Date: Text: 十一月，庚子 · Western Year: AD 546Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0270af
- Source Date: Text: 十二月，己卯 · Western Year: AD 546Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0309
- Source Date: Text: 四年河橋 · Western Year: AD 538Explicit · zhoushu:017:s0042
- Source Date: Text: 大同十一年 · Western Year: AD 545Explicit event contextual date · zizhitongjian:159:s0003, zizhitongjian:159:s0003a, zizhitongjian:159:s0006
- Source Date: Text: 大統三年 · Western Year: AD 537Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0035
- Source Date: Text: 天平中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 537Explicit · beiqishu:033:s0088
- Source Date: Text: 天平初 · Western Year: AD 534Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:026:s0035
- Source Date: Text: 太昌初 · Western Year: AD 532Explicit · beiqishu:040:s0077
- Source Date: Text: 從破尒朱於韓陵 · Western Year: AD 532Explicit · beiqishu:048:s0011
- Source Date: Text: 攻玉壁 · Western Year: AD 546Explicit event contextual date · zizhitongjian:159:s0270
- Source Date: Text: 東魏 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:031:s0079, beiqishu:031:s0084
- Source Date: Text: 武定五年正月丙午 · Western Year: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:003:s0020
- Source Date: Text: 武定初 · Western Interval: Start: AD 543 · End: AD 550Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:029:s0062, beiqishu:029:s0063
- Source Date: Text: 武定四年十一月 · Western Year: AD 546Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:003:s0019
- Source Date: Text: 沙苑之敗 · Western Year: AD 537Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:026:s0038, beiqishu:026:s0045
- Source Date: Text: 沙苑敗後 · Western Year: AD 537Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:009:s0014
- Source Date: Text: 河陰之戰 · Western Year: AD 543Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:027:s0066
- Source Date: Text: 皇建元年 · Western Year: AD 560Explicit · beiqishu:006:s0087
- Source Date: Text: 神武在晉陽 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:038:s0116
- Source Date: Text: 神武至信都 · Western Year: AD 532Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:034:s0047
- Source Date: Text: 起兵信都 · Western Year: AD 531Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:014:s0220, beiqishu:014:s0221
- Source Date: Text: 起義 · Western Year: AD 532Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:027:s0006
- Source Date: Text: 通使於齊神武 · Western Year: AD 534Explicit · zhoushu:017:s0013
- Source Date: Text: 邙山之役 · Western Year: AD 543Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:043:s0110
- Source Date: Text: 韓陵之戰 · Western Year: AD 532Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:049:s0027
- Source Date: Text: 高祖崩 · Western Year: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:030:s0046
- Source Date: Text: 高祖懲其寬怠 · Western Interval: Start: AD 531 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:047:s0005
- Source Date: Text: 高祖撥亂反正 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:046:s0006
- Source Date: Text: 高祖東巡 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:029:s0080
- Source Date: Text: 高祖舉義 · Western Year: AD 532Explicit · beiqishu:048:s0007
- Source Date: Text: 高祖舉義山東 · Western Interval: Start: AD 531 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:025:s0006
- Source Date: Text: 高祖起義 · Western Interval: Start: AD 531 · End: AD 532Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:040:s0060
- Source Date: Text: 魏元象元年 · Western Year: AD 538Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:006:s0001, beiqishu:006:s0003
- Source Date: Text: 魏天平中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 537Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:035:s0011
- Source Date: Text: 魏孝武西遷 · Western Year: AD 534Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:043:s0028
- Source Date: Text: 齊神武 · Western Interval: Start: AD 534 · End: AD 547Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:018:s0030, zhoushu:021:s0145
- Source Date: Text: 齊神武稱兵 · Western Year: AD 534Explicit · zhoushu:026:s0088
- Source Date: Text: 齊神武配後 · Western Year: AD 535Strongly inferred · beiqishu:028:s0125
Family
Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.
- Spouse of Consort Lou (婁妃)Kinship Term: consort / 妃 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Subject Role: consort · Object Role: lord · Relationship State: active · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大同十一年 · Western Year: AD 545
- Spouse of Rouran Princess (茹茹公主)Kinship Term: marry their princess / 娶其女 · Union Category: marriage
Union Type: diplomatic marriage · Union Category: marriage · Subject Role: princess-bride · Object Role: husband · Relationship State: formed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大同十一年 · Western Year: AD 545
Kinship Term: Rouran princess / 茹茹公主 · Union Category: marriage - Parent of Prince Huan of Shangdang (上黨王渙)Kinship Term: brother implies shared father / 其弟 · Parentage: biological
- Kin of Lingshan (靈山)Kinship Term: clansman younger brother / 族弟 · Subject Relative Age: younger · Line: paternal
- Spouse of Dache (大車)Kinship Term: concubine / 妾 · Union Type: favored concubinage · Union Category: concubinage · Subject Role: concubine · Object Role: lord · Relationship State: active
- Spouse of Empress Xiaozhuang of Wei (魏孝莊皇后)Kinship Term: took her in marriage / 納之 · Union Category: marriage · Subject Role: husband · Object Role: wife
Kinship Term: concubine / 妾 · Union Type: favored concubinage · Union Category: concubinage · Subject Role: concubine · Object Role: lord · Relationship State: active - Parent of Lady Gao (高氏)Kinship Term: daughter / 女 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: daughter
- Parent of Duke Yang of Taiyuan (太原公洋)Kinship Term: Duke of Taiyuan / 太原公 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
- Parent of Gao Cheng (高澄)Kinship Term: son and heir / 父子、世子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: son / 子
Kinship Term: eldest son / 長子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Subject Birth Order: 1 · Line: paternal
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: heir apparent / 世子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子
Parentage: biological - Spouse of Empress Dowager Lou (婁太后)Kinship Term: empress dowager / 太后 · Union Category: marriage
Kinship Term: empress / 后 · Union Category: marriage · Parentage: biological · Relationship State: active
Kinship Term: Empress Dowager Lou / 婁太后 · Union Category: marriage · Parentage: biological - Spouse of Empress Dowager Wuming (武明皇太后)Kinship Term: empress / 后 · Union Category: primary-marriage
- Spouse of Lou Zhaojun (婁昭君)Kinship Term: husband / 夫 · Union Category: primary-marriage
Kinship Term: empress / 后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active - Parent of Emperor Wenxuan of Qi (齊文宣帝)Kinship Term: father of Qi imperial house / 齊神武 · Parentage: biological
- Parent of Gao Yang (高洋)Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: Yang / 洋 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Line: paternal - Parent of Emperor Xiaozhao (孝昭帝)Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 6
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological - Parent of Prince Zhan of Changguang (長廣王湛)Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Birth Order: 9 · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father - Parent of Princess Huaiyang (淮陽公主)Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological
- Parent of Concubine's Daughter of Gao Huan (高歡庶女)Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological
- Kin of Duan Xiaoxian (段孝先)Kinship Term: kinsman / 親戚 · Subject Role: kinsman · Object Role: relative
- Kin of Sizong (思宗)Kinship Term: nephew / 從子
- Sibling of Paternal aunt of Emperor Xiaozhao (親姑)Kinship Term: sibling / 兄/弟 · Line: paternal
Kinship Term: paternal aunt / 姑 · Line: paternal - Kin of Sheng (盛)Kinship Term: paternal great-uncle / 從叔祖
- Kin of Yongle (永樂)Kinship Term: son of father's elder cousin / 從祖兄子
- Kin of Yuan Shao (元韶)Kinship Term: son-in-law / 婿 · Subject Role: son-in-law · Object Role: father-in-law
- Sibling of Gao Chen (高琛)Kinship Term: younger brother / 家弟 · Subject Relative Age: elder
- Kin of Xianguo (顯國)Kinship Term: younger cousin of the paternal clan / 從祖弟
- Kin of Guiyan (歸彥)Kinship Term: younger paternal-clan kinsman / 族弟
Career and standing
- Label: Chief Clerk to Erzhu Rong / 榮長史 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大通初 · Reign: 大通 · Western Interval: Start: AD 527 · End: AD 529Explicit · liangshu:032:s0096
- Label: Chancellor / 丞相 · Action: held
- Label: commander-in-chief of all armies within and without / 都督中外諸軍 · Action: resignedExplicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0309
- Status: illness · Action: fell-illExplicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0270ad
Places and affiliations
- Label: Eastern Wei / 東魏 · Relation: ruledExplicit event contextual date · zhoushu:018:s0030
- Polity: Eastern Wei court under Gao Huan / 高祖 · Relation: ledExplicit · beiqishu:026:s0035
- Polity: Eastern Wei / 東魏 · Relation: dominatedExplicit · beiqishu:034:s0047
- Polity: Eastern Wei / 東魏 · Relation: ledStrongly inferred · beiqishu:014:s0221
- Polity: Eastern Wei / 東魏 · Relation: ruled-as-hegemonExplicit · beiqishu:025:s0006, beiqishu:025:s0007
- Polity: Eastern Wei / 東魏 · Relation: ruled-as-paramountStrongly inferred · beiqishu:027:s0006, beiqishu:027:s0008
- Polity: Eastern Wei / 東魏 · Relation: servedExplicit · beiqishu:030:s0007, zizhitongjian:159:s0270
- Polity: Qi / Eastern Wei / 齊 · Relation: ruledExplicit · zhoushu:023:s0035
- Polity Name: Eastern Wei / Northern Qi / 東魏/北齊 · Relation: ruledExplicit · zhoushu:043:s0028
- Place: Xindu / 信都 · Relation: rose-atExplicit · beiqishu:049:s0027
- Place: Yiping Tomb / 義平陵 · Relation: buried-atExplicit · beiqishu:009:s0036
Works and attributed material
- Kind: letter · Role: author · Addressee: nobles at Ye / 鄴下諸貴
- Kind: memorial · Role: author · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Speaker Person Id: Gao Huan (高歡)Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0010, zizhitongjian:159:s0010a
- Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0270d
- Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0340, zizhitongjian:159:s0340a, zizhitongjian:159:s0340c, zizhitongjian:159:s0340d, zizhitongjian:159:s0340e, zizhitongjian:159:s0340f, zizhitongjian:159:s0340g, zizhitongjian:159:s0340h, zizhitongjian:159:s0340i, zizhitongjian:159:s0340j, zizhitongjian:159:s0340k, zizhitongjian:159:s0340l
- Explicit · beiqishu:038:s0120
- Explicit · beiqishu:038:s0121
- Explicit · beiqishu:035:s0016
- Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: trueExplicit · beiqishu:009:s0021
Events and relationships
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: attacked-fifty-days · Outcome: seventy thousand deadExplicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0270ac
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: besieged · Place: Yubi / 玉壁 · Other Person Id: Wei Xiaokuan (韋孝寬)Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0270, zizhitongjian:159:s0270af
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated at ShayuanExplicit · beiqishu:009:s0014
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: defeated the Erzhu at HanlingExplicit · beiqishu:048:s0011
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: diverted-river · Place: Fen / 汾Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0270a
- Kind: medical · Role: patient · Action: forced-appearance-despite-illnessExplicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0309c
- Kind: military · Role: invader · Action: invaded-on-three-fronts · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大統三年 · Western Year: AD 537 · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 大統三年 · Western Year: AD 537Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0035
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: lifted-siege · Place: Yubi / 玉壁 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十一月，庚子 · Western Year: AD 546Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0270af
- Kind: military · Action: marched with Erzhu Rong against Yuan Hao · Role: combatant · Other Person Id: Yuan Hao (元顥) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大通初 · Reign: 大通 · Western Interval: Start: AD 527 · End: AD 529Explicit · liangshu:032:s0096
- Explicit · beiqishu:028:s0125
- Kind: military campaign · Role: commander · Action: mustered Eastern Wei forces and besieged Yubi · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 中大同元年 · Western Year: AD 546
- Kind: court commendation · Role: patron · Action: praised and rewarded Cui Xian · Other Person Id: Cui Xuan (崔暹) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 大同十一年 · Western Year: AD 545
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: prepared western campaignExplicit · beiqishu:009:s0010
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: raided and confronted Wang Pi; drove Xiaowu west
- Kind: military · Role: leader · Action: raised arms / righteous standardExplicit · beiqishu:048:s0007
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: raised troops at XinduExplicit · beiqishu:014:s0004
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: raised troops prompting western migrationExplicit · zhoushu:026:s0088
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: raised-arms · Place: Xindu / 信都 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 起兵信都 · Western Year: AD 531Explicit · beiqishu:014:s0221
- Kind: ritual · Role: participant · Action: sang · Work: Song of the Tiele / 敕勒歌Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0309c
- Kind: assassination-plot-target · Role: intended-victim · Action: targeted at bamboo-cluster gameExplicit · beiqishu:048:s0026
- Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: western campaign ending in Shaoyuan defeat · Place: Shaoyuan / 沙苑 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 沙苑之敗 · Western Year: AD 537Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:026:s0038, beiqishu:026:s0045
- Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Erzhu Wenchang (尒朱文暢)Explicit · beiqishu:048:s0023
- Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Song Youdao (宋遊道)Explicit · beiqishu:047:s0050, beiqishu:047:s0052
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment: could keep Hou Jing; Gao Cheng could not · Provenance: Mode: self-report · Speaker Person Id: Gao Huan (高歡)Explicit · zizhitongjian:159:s0340c
- Assessment: pacified the realm and kept power in his own hands · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgmentExplicit · beiqishu:006:s0154
- Assessment: set the realm right after chaos · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgmentExplicit · beiqishu:046:s0006
Source notes
- Historicity: historicalExplicit · beiqishu:028:s0001
References in the histories
Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.